Kubernetes uses several **specific network services** that you might find **exposed to the Internet** or in an **internal network once you have compromised one pod**.
One way could be searching for `Identity LIKE "k8s.%.com"` in [crt.sh](https://crt.sh) to find subdomains related to kubernetes. Another way might be to search `"k8s.%.com"` in github and search for **YAML files** containing the string.
This service **run in every node of the cluster**. It's the service that will **control** the pods inside the **node**. It talks with the **kube-apiserver**.
If you find this service exposed you might have found an [**unauthenticated RCE**](pentesting-kubernetes-from-the-outside.md#kubelet-rce).
etcdctl --endpoints=http://<MASTER-IP>:2379 get / --prefix --keys-only
```
## Vulnerable Misconfigurations
### Kube-apiserver Anonymous Access
By **default**, **kube-apiserver** API endpoints are **forbidden** to **anonymous** access. But it’s always a good idea to check if there are any **insecure endpoints that expose sensitive information**:
The ETCD stores the cluster secrets, configuration files and more **sensitive data**. By **default**, the ETCD **cannot** be accessed **anonymously**, but it always good to check.
If the ETCD can be accessed anonymously, you may need to **use the** [**etcdctl**](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/etcdctl/READMEv2.md) **tool**. The following command will get all the keys stored:
etcdctl --endpoints=http://<MASTER-IP>:2379 get / --prefix --keys-only
```
### **Kubelet RCE**
The [**Kubelet documentation**](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/) explains that by **default anonymous acce**ss to the service is **allowed:**
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The **Kubelet** service **API is not documented**, but the source code can be found here and finding the exposed endpoints is as easy as **running**:
To automate the exploitation you can also use the script [**kubelet-anon-rce**](https://github.com/serain/kubelet-anon-rce).
{% hint style="info" %}
To avoid this attack the _**kubelet**_ service should be run with `--anonymous-auth false` and the service should be segregated at the network level.
{% endhint %}
### **Checking Kubelet (Read Only Port) Information Exposure**
When the **kubelet read-only port** is exposed, the attacker can retrieve information from the API. This exposes **cluster configuration elements, such as pods names, location of internal files and other configurations**. This is not critical information, but it still should not be exposed to the internet.
