# XSLT Server Side Injection (Extensible Stylesheet Languaje Transformations)
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## Basic Information
XSLT is a technology employed for transforming XML documents into different formats. It comes in three versions: 1, 2, and 3, with version 1 being the most commonly utilized. The transformation process can be executed either on the server or within the browser.
The frameworks that are most frequently used include:
- **Libxslt** from Gnome,
- **Xalan** from Apache,
- **Saxon** from Saxonica.
For the exploitation of vulnerabilities associated with XSLT, it is necessary for xsl tags to be stored on the server side, followed by accessing that content. An illustration of such a vulnerability is documented in the following source: [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/).
## Example - Tutorial
```bash
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
sudo apt-get install libsaxonb-java libsaxon-java
```
{% code title="xml.xml" %}
```xml
CD Title
The artist
Da Company
10000
1760
```
{% endcode %}
{% code title="xsl.xsl" %}
```xml
The Super title
```
{% endcode %}
Execute:
```xml
saxonb-xslt -xsl:xsl.xsl xml.xml
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of xsl.xsl:
Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
The Super title
| Title |
artist |
| CD Title |
The artist |
```
### Fingerprint
{% code title="detection.xsl" %}
```xml
Version:
Vendor:
Vendor URL:
Product Name:
Product Version:
Is Schema Aware ?:
Supports Serialization:
Supports Backwards Compatibility:
```
{% endcode %}
And execute
```xml
$saxonb-xslt -xsl:detection.xsl xml.xml
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of detection.xsl:
Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
XSLT identification
Version:2.0
Vendor:SAXON 9.1.0.8 from Saxonica
Vendor URL:http://www.saxonica.com/
```
### Read Local File
{% code title="read.xsl" %}
```xml
```
{% endcode %}
```xml
$ saxonb-xslt -xsl:read.xsl xml.xml
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 1 column 111 of read.xsl:
Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
```
### SSRF
```xml
```
### Versions
There might be more or less functions depending on the XSLT version used:
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-10/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-10/)
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/)
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/)
## Fingerprint
Upload this and take information
```xml
Version:
Vendor:
Vendor URL:
Product Name:
Product Version:
Is Schema Aware ?:
Supports Serialization:
Supports Backwards Compatibility:
```
## SSRF
```xml
```
## Javascript Injection
```xml
```
## Directory listing (PHP)
### **Opendir + readdir**
```xml
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
```
### **Assert (var\_dump + scandir + false)**
```xml
```
## Read files
### **Internal - PHP**
```xml
```
### **Internal - XXE**
```xml
]>
&ext_file;
```
### **Through HTTP**
```xml
```
```xml
]>
&passwd;
```
### **Internal (PHP-function)**
```xml
```
```xml
```
### Port scan
```xml
```
## Write to a file
### XSLT 2.0
```xml
Write Local File
```
### **Xalan-J extension**
```xml
Write Local File
```
Other ways to write files in the PDF
## Include external XSL
```xml
```
```xml
```
## Execute code
### **php:function**
```xml
```
```xml
```
Execute code using other frameworks in the PDF
### **More Languages**
**In this page you can find examples of RCE in other languajes:** [**https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET**](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET) **(C#, Java, PHP)**
## **Access PHP static functions from classes**
The following function will call the static method `stringToUrl` of the class XSL:
```xml
```
(Example from [http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls](http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls))
## More Payloads
* Check [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection)
* Check [https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection)
## **Brute-Force Detection List**
{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xslt.txt" %}
## **References**
* [XSLT\_SSRF](https://feelsec.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/XSLT\_SSRF.pdf)\\
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf)\\
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf)
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.