bevy/crates/bevy_pbr/src/render/shadows.wgsl

#define_import_path bevy_pbr::shadows

fn fetch_point_shadow(light_id: u32, frag_position: vec4<f32>, surface_normal: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
    let light = point_lights.data[light_id];

    // because the shadow maps align with the axes and the frustum planes are at 45 degrees
    // we can get the worldspace depth by taking the largest absolute axis
    let surface_to_light = light.position_radius.xyz - frag_position.xyz;
    let surface_to_light_abs = abs(surface_to_light);
    let distance_to_light = max(surface_to_light_abs.x, max(surface_to_light_abs.y, surface_to_light_abs.z));

    // The normal bias here is already scaled by the texel size at 1 world unit from the light.
    // The texel size increases proportionally with distance from the light so multiplying by
    // distance to light scales the normal bias to the texel size at the fragment distance.
    let normal_offset = light.shadow_normal_bias * distance_to_light * surface_normal.xyz;
    let depth_offset = light.shadow_depth_bias * normalize(surface_to_light.xyz);
    let offset_position = frag_position.xyz + normal_offset + depth_offset;

    // similar largest-absolute-axis trick as above, but now with the offset fragment position
    let frag_ls = light.position_radius.xyz - offset_position.xyz;
    let abs_position_ls = abs(frag_ls);
    let major_axis_magnitude = max(abs_position_ls.x, max(abs_position_ls.y, abs_position_ls.z));

    // NOTE: These simplifications come from multiplying:
    // projection * vec4(0, 0, -major_axis_magnitude, 1.0)
    // and keeping only the terms that have any impact on the depth.
    // Projection-agnostic approach:
    let zw = -major_axis_magnitude * light.light_custom_data.xy + light.light_custom_data.zw;
    let depth = zw.x / zw.y;

    // do the lookup, using HW PCF and comparison
    // NOTE: Due to the non-uniform control flow above, we must use the Level variant of
    // textureSampleCompare to avoid undefined behaviour due to some of the fragments in
    // a quad (2x2 fragments) being processed not being sampled, and this messing with
    // mip-mapping functionality. The shadow maps have no mipmaps so Level just samples
    // from LOD 0.
#ifdef NO_ARRAY_TEXTURES_SUPPORT
    return textureSampleCompare(point_shadow_textures, point_shadow_textures_sampler, frag_ls, depth);
#else
    return textureSampleCompareLevel(point_shadow_textures, point_shadow_textures_sampler, frag_ls, i32(light_id), depth);
#endif
}

fn fetch_spot_shadow(light_id: u32, frag_position: vec4<f32>, surface_normal: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
    let light = point_lights.data[light_id];

    let surface_to_light = light.position_radius.xyz - frag_position.xyz;

    // construct the light view matrix
    var spot_dir = vec3<f32>(light.light_custom_data.x, 0.0, light.light_custom_data.y);
    // reconstruct spot dir from x/z and y-direction flag
    spot_dir.y = sqrt(1.0 - spot_dir.x * spot_dir.x - spot_dir.z * spot_dir.z);
    if ((light.flags & POINT_LIGHT_FLAGS_SPOT_LIGHT_Y_NEGATIVE) != 0u) {
        spot_dir.y = -spot_dir.y;
    }

    // view matrix z_axis is the reverse of transform.forward()
    let fwd = -spot_dir;
    let distance_to_light = dot(fwd, surface_to_light);
    let offset_position = 
        -surface_to_light 
        + (light.shadow_depth_bias * normalize(surface_to_light)) 
        + (surface_normal.xyz * light.shadow_normal_bias) * distance_to_light;

    // the construction of the up and right vectors needs to precisely mirror the code 
    // in render/light.rs:spot_light_view_matrix
    var sign = -1.0;
    if (fwd.z >= 0.0) {
        sign = 1.0;
    }
    let a = -1.0 / (fwd.z + sign);
    let b = fwd.x * fwd.y * a;
    let up_dir = vec3<f32>(1.0 + sign * fwd.x * fwd.x * a, sign * b, -sign * fwd.x);
    let right_dir = vec3<f32>(-b, -sign - fwd.y * fwd.y * a, fwd.y);
    let light_inv_rot = mat3x3<f32>(right_dir, up_dir, fwd);

    // because the matrix is a pure rotation matrix, the inverse is just the transpose, and to calculate 
    // the product of the transpose with a vector we can just post-multiply instead of pre-multplying. 
    // this allows us to keep the matrix construction code identical between CPU and GPU.
    let projected_position = offset_position * light_inv_rot;

    // divide xy by perspective matrix "f" and by -projected.z (projected.z is -projection matrix's w)
    // to get ndc coordinates
    let f_div_minus_z = 1.0 / (light.spot_light_tan_angle * -projected_position.z);
    let shadow_xy_ndc = projected_position.xy * f_div_minus_z;
    // convert to uv coordinates
    let shadow_uv = shadow_xy_ndc * vec2<f32>(0.5, -0.5) + vec2<f32>(0.5, 0.5);

    // 0.1 must match POINT_LIGHT_NEAR_Z
    let depth = 0.1 / -projected_position.z;

    #ifdef NO_ARRAY_TEXTURES_SUPPORT
        return textureSampleCompare(directional_shadow_textures, directional_shadow_textures_sampler, 
            shadow_uv, depth);
    #else
        return textureSampleCompareLevel(directional_shadow_textures, directional_shadow_textures_sampler, 
            shadow_uv, i32(light_id) + lights.spot_light_shadowmap_offset, depth);
    #endif
}

fn fetch_directional_shadow(light_id: u32, frag_position: vec4<f32>, surface_normal: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
    let light = lights.directional_lights[light_id];

    // The normal bias is scaled to the texel size.
    let normal_offset = light.shadow_normal_bias * surface_normal.xyz;
    let depth_offset = light.shadow_depth_bias * light.direction_to_light.xyz;
    let offset_position = vec4<f32>(frag_position.xyz + normal_offset + depth_offset, frag_position.w);

    let offset_position_clip = light.view_projection * offset_position;
    if (offset_position_clip.w <= 0.0) {
        return 1.0;
    }
    let offset_position_ndc = offset_position_clip.xyz / offset_position_clip.w;
    // No shadow outside the orthographic projection volume
    if (any(offset_position_ndc.xy < vec2<f32>(-1.0)) || offset_position_ndc.z < 0.0
            || any(offset_position_ndc > vec3<f32>(1.0))) {
        return 1.0;
    }

    // compute texture coordinates for shadow lookup, compensating for the Y-flip difference
    // between the NDC and texture coordinates
    let flip_correction = vec2<f32>(0.5, -0.5);
    let light_local = offset_position_ndc.xy * flip_correction + vec2<f32>(0.5, 0.5);

    let depth = offset_position_ndc.z;
    // do the lookup, using HW PCF and comparison
    // NOTE: Due to non-uniform control flow above, we must use the level variant of the texture
    // sampler to avoid use of implicit derivatives causing possible undefined behavior.
#ifdef NO_ARRAY_TEXTURES_SUPPORT
    return textureSampleCompareLevel(directional_shadow_textures, directional_shadow_textures_sampler, light_local, depth);
#else
    return textureSampleCompareLevel(directional_shadow_textures, directional_shadow_textures_sampler, light_local, i32(light_id), depth);
#endif
}