Merge pull request #6597 from FernandoS27/accelerate-dma

DMAEngine: Introduce Accelerate DMA.

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h

@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ public:
     /// Pop asynchronous downloads
     void PopAsyncFlushes();
 
+    [[nodiscard]] bool DMACopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount);
+
     /// Return true when a CPU region is modified from the GPU
     [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionGpuModified(VAddr addr, size_t size);
 
@@ -200,6 +202,36 @@ private:
         }
     }
 
+    template <typename Func>
+    void ForEachWrittenRange(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size, Func&& func) {
+        const VAddr start_address = cpu_addr;
+        const VAddr end_address = start_address + size;
+        const VAddr search_base =
+            static_cast<VAddr>(std::min<s64>(0LL, static_cast<s64>(start_address - size)));
+        const IntervalType search_interval{search_base, search_base + 1};
+        auto it = common_ranges.lower_bound(search_interval);
+        if (it == common_ranges.end()) {
+            it = common_ranges.begin();
+        }
+        for (; it != common_ranges.end(); it++) {
+            VAddr inter_addr_end = it->upper();
+            VAddr inter_addr = it->lower();
+            if (inter_addr >= end_address) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (inter_addr_end <= start_address) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (inter_addr_end > end_address) {
+                inter_addr_end = end_address;
+            }
+            if (inter_addr < start_address) {
+                inter_addr = start_address;
+            }
+            func(inter_addr, inter_addr_end);
+        }
+    }
+
     static bool IsRangeGranular(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
         return (cpu_addr & ~Core::Memory::PAGE_MASK) ==
                ((cpu_addr + size) & ~Core::Memory::PAGE_MASK);
@@ -430,6 +462,68 @@ void BufferCache<P>::DownloadMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size) {
     });
 }
 
+template <class P>
+bool BufferCache<P>::DMACopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount) {
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_src_address = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(src_address);
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_dest_address = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(dest_address);
+    if (!cpu_src_address || !cpu_dest_address) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const bool source_dirty = IsRegionGpuModified(*cpu_src_address, amount);
+    const bool dest_dirty = IsRegionGpuModified(*cpu_dest_address, amount);
+    if (!source_dirty && !dest_dirty) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const IntervalType subtract_interval{*cpu_dest_address, *cpu_dest_address + amount};
+    uncommitted_ranges.subtract(subtract_interval);
+    for (auto& interval_set : committed_ranges) {
+        interval_set.subtract(subtract_interval);
+    }
+
+    BufferId buffer_a;
+    BufferId buffer_b;
+    do {
+        has_deleted_buffers = false;
+        buffer_a = FindBuffer(*cpu_src_address, static_cast<u32>(amount));
+        buffer_b = FindBuffer(*cpu_dest_address, static_cast<u32>(amount));
+    } while (has_deleted_buffers);
+    auto& src_buffer = slot_buffers[buffer_a];
+    auto& dest_buffer = slot_buffers[buffer_b];
+    SynchronizeBuffer(src_buffer, *cpu_src_address, static_cast<u32>(amount));
+    SynchronizeBuffer(dest_buffer, *cpu_dest_address, static_cast<u32>(amount));
+    std::array copies{BufferCopy{
+        .src_offset = src_buffer.Offset(*cpu_src_address),
+        .dst_offset = dest_buffer.Offset(*cpu_dest_address),
+        .size = amount,
+    }};
+
+    boost::container::small_vector<IntervalType, 4> tmp_intervals;
+    auto mirror = [&](VAddr base_address, VAddr base_address_end) {
+        const u64 size = base_address_end - base_address;
+        const VAddr diff = base_address - *cpu_src_address;
+        const VAddr new_base_address = *cpu_dest_address + diff;
+        const IntervalType add_interval{new_base_address, new_base_address + size};
+        uncommitted_ranges.add(add_interval);
+        tmp_intervals.push_back(add_interval);
+    };
+    ForEachWrittenRange(*cpu_src_address, amount, mirror);
+    // This subtraction in this order is important for overlapping copies.
+    common_ranges.subtract(subtract_interval);
+    for (const IntervalType add_interval : tmp_intervals) {
+        common_ranges.add(add_interval);
+    }
+
+    runtime.CopyBuffer(dest_buffer, src_buffer, copies);
+    if (source_dirty) {
+        dest_buffer.MarkRegionAsGpuModified(*cpu_dest_address, amount);
+    }
+    std::vector<u8> tmp_buffer(amount);
+    cpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(*cpu_src_address, tmp_buffer.data(), amount);
+    cpu_memory.WriteBlockUnsafe(*cpu_dest_address, tmp_buffer.data(), amount);
+    return true;
+}
+
 template <class P>
 void BufferCache<P>::BindGraphicsUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 index, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
                                                u32 size) {
@@ -616,30 +710,7 @@ void BufferCache<P>::CommitAsyncFlushesHigh() {
 
                         const VAddr start_address = buffer_addr + range_offset;
                         const VAddr end_address = start_address + range_size;
-                        const IntervalType search_interval{cpu_addr, 1};
+                        ForEachWrittenRange(start_address, range_size, add_download);
-                        auto it = common_ranges.lower_bound(search_interval);
-                        if (it == common_ranges.end()) {
-                            it = common_ranges.begin();
-                        }
-                        while (it != common_ranges.end()) {
-                            VAddr inter_addr_end = it->upper();
-                            VAddr inter_addr = it->lower();
-                            if (inter_addr >= end_address) {
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            if (inter_addr_end <= start_address) {
-                                it++;
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                            if (inter_addr_end > end_address) {
-                                inter_addr_end = end_address;
-                            }
-                            if (inter_addr < start_address) {
-                                inter_addr = start_address;
-                            }
-                            add_download(inter_addr, inter_addr_end);
-                            it++;
-                        }
                         const IntervalType subtract_interval{start_address, end_address};
                         common_ranges.subtract(subtract_interval);
                     });
@@ -737,7 +808,9 @@ void BufferCache<P>::BindHostIndexBuffer() {
     const u32 size = index_buffer.size;
     SynchronizeBuffer(buffer, index_buffer.cpu_addr, size);
     if constexpr (HAS_FULL_INDEX_AND_PRIMITIVE_SUPPORT) {
-        runtime.BindIndexBuffer(buffer, offset, size);
+        const u32 new_offset = offset + maxwell3d.regs.index_array.first *
+                                            maxwell3d.regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes();
+        runtime.BindIndexBuffer(buffer, new_offset, size);
     } else {
         runtime.BindIndexBuffer(maxwell3d.regs.draw.topology, maxwell3d.regs.index_array.format,
                                 maxwell3d.regs.index_array.first, maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count,
@@ -951,7 +1024,7 @@ void BufferCache<P>::UpdateIndexBuffer() {
     const GPUVAddr gpu_addr_end = index_array.EndAddress();
     const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr_begin);
     const u32 address_size = static_cast<u32>(gpu_addr_end - gpu_addr_begin);
-    const u32 draw_size = index_array.count * index_array.FormatSizeInBytes();
+    const u32 draw_size = (index_array.count + index_array.first) * index_array.FormatSizeInBytes();
     const u32 size = std::min(address_size, draw_size);
     if (size == 0 || !cpu_addr) {
         index_buffer = NULL_BINDING;
@@ -1350,30 +1423,7 @@ void BufferCache<P>::DownloadBufferMemory(Buffer& buffer, VAddr cpu_addr, u64 si
 
         const VAddr start_address = buffer_addr + range_offset;
         const VAddr end_address = start_address + range_size;
-        const IntervalType search_interval{start_address - range_size, 1};
+        ForEachWrittenRange(start_address, range_size, add_download);
-        auto it = common_ranges.lower_bound(search_interval);
-        if (it == common_ranges.end()) {
-            it = common_ranges.begin();
-        }
-        while (it != common_ranges.end()) {
-            VAddr inter_addr_end = it->upper();
-            VAddr inter_addr = it->lower();
-            if (inter_addr >= end_address) {
-                break;
-            }
-            if (inter_addr_end <= start_address) {
-                it++;
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (inter_addr_end > end_address) {
-                inter_addr_end = end_address;
-            }
-            if (inter_addr < start_address) {
-                inter_addr = start_address;
-            }
-            add_download(inter_addr, inter_addr_end);
-            it++;
-        }
         const IntervalType subtract_interval{start_address, end_address};
         common_ranges.subtract(subtract_interval);
     });

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ MaxwellDMA::MaxwellDMA(Core::System& system_, MemoryManager& memory_manager_)
 
 MaxwellDMA::~MaxwellDMA() = default;
 
+void MaxwellDMA::BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer_) {
+    rasterizer = rasterizer_;
+}
+
 void MaxwellDMA::CallMethod(u32 method, u32 method_argument, bool is_last_call) {
     ASSERT_MSG(method < NUM_REGS, "Invalid MaxwellDMA register");
 
@@ -44,7 +48,6 @@ void MaxwellDMA::Launch() {
 
     // TODO(Subv): Perform more research and implement all features of this engine.
     const LaunchDMA& launch = regs.launch_dma;
-    ASSERT(launch.remap_enable == 0);
     ASSERT(launch.semaphore_type == LaunchDMA::SemaphoreType::NONE);
     ASSERT(launch.interrupt_type == LaunchDMA::InterruptType::NONE);
     ASSERT(launch.data_transfer_type == LaunchDMA::DataTransferType::NON_PIPELINED);
@@ -77,11 +80,29 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyPitchToPitch() {
     // When `multi_line_enable` bit is disabled the copy is performed as if we were copying a 1D
     // buffer of length `line_length_in`.
     // Otherwise we copy a 2D image of dimensions (line_length_in, line_count).
+    auto& accelerate = rasterizer->AccessAccelerateDMA();
     if (!regs.launch_dma.multi_line_enable) {
-        memory_manager.CopyBlock(regs.offset_out, regs.offset_in, regs.line_length_in);
+        const bool is_buffer_clear = regs.launch_dma.remap_enable != 0 &&
+                                     regs.remap_const.dst_x == RemapConst::Swizzle::CONST_A;
+        // TODO: allow multisized components.
+        if (is_buffer_clear) {
+            ASSERT(regs.remap_const.component_size_minus_one == 3);
+            std::vector<u32> tmp_buffer(regs.line_length_in, regs.remap_consta_value);
+            memory_manager.WriteBlock(regs.offset_out, reinterpret_cast<u8*>(tmp_buffer.data()),
+                                      regs.line_length_in * sizeof(u32));
+            return;
+        }
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.launch_dma.remap_enable != 0);
+        if (!accelerate.BufferCopy(regs.offset_in, regs.offset_out, regs.line_length_in)) {
+            std::vector<u8> tmp_buffer(regs.line_length_in);
+            memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(regs.offset_in, tmp_buffer.data(), regs.line_length_in);
+            memory_manager.WriteBlock(regs.offset_out, tmp_buffer.data(), regs.line_length_in);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.launch_dma.remap_enable != 0);
+
     // Perform a line-by-line copy.
     // We're going to take a subrect of size (line_length_in, line_count) from the source rectangle.
     // There is no need to manually flush/invalidate the regions because CopyBlock does that for us.
@@ -105,6 +126,7 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyBlockLinearToPitch() {
     }
 
     // Deswizzle the input and copy it over.
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.launch_dma.remap_enable != 0);
     const u32 bytes_per_pixel = regs.pitch_out / regs.line_length_in;
     const Parameters& src_params = regs.src_params;
     const u32 width = src_params.width;
@@ -134,6 +156,7 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyBlockLinearToPitch() {
 
 void MaxwellDMA::CopyPitchToBlockLinear() {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF_MSG(regs.dst_params.block_size.width != 0, "Block width is not one");
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.launch_dma.remap_enable != 0);
 
     const auto& dst_params = regs.dst_params;
     const u32 bytes_per_pixel = regs.pitch_in / regs.line_length_in;
@@ -156,13 +179,8 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyPitchToBlockLinear() {
         write_buffer.resize(dst_size);
     }
 
-    if (Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme()) {
+    memory_manager.ReadBlock(regs.offset_in, read_buffer.data(), src_size);
-        memory_manager.ReadBlock(regs.offset_in, read_buffer.data(), src_size);
+    memory_manager.ReadBlock(regs.offset_out, write_buffer.data(), dst_size);
-        memory_manager.ReadBlock(regs.offset_out, write_buffer.data(), dst_size);
-    } else {
-        memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(regs.offset_in, read_buffer.data(), src_size);
-        memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(regs.offset_out, write_buffer.data(), dst_size);
-    }
 
     // If the input is linear and the output is tiled, swizzle the input and copy it over.
     if (regs.dst_params.block_size.depth > 0) {

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.h

@@ -21,8 +21,18 @@ namespace Tegra {
 class MemoryManager;
 }
 
+namespace VideoCore {
+class RasterizerInterface;
+}
+
 namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
+class AccelerateDMAInterface {
+public:
+    /// Write the value to the register identified by method.
+    virtual bool BufferCopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount) = 0;
+};
+
 /**
  * This engine is known as gk104_copy. Documentation can be found in:
  * https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-doc/blob/master/classes/dma-copy/clb0b5.h
@@ -187,6 +197,8 @@ public:
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(RemapConst) == 12);
 
+    void BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer);
+
     explicit MaxwellDMA(Core::System& system_, MemoryManager& memory_manager_);
     ~MaxwellDMA() override;
 
@@ -213,6 +225,7 @@ private:
     Core::System& system;
 
     MemoryManager& memory_manager;
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer;
 
     std::vector<u8> read_buffer;
     std::vector<u8> write_buffer;
@@ -240,7 +253,9 @@ private:
                 u32 pitch_out;
                 u32 line_length_in;
                 u32 line_count;
-                u32 reserved06[0xb8];
+                u32 reserved06[0xb6];
+                u32 remap_consta_value;
+                u32 remap_constb_value;
                 RemapConst remap_const;
                 Parameters dst_params;
                 u32 reserved07[0x1];

src/video_core/gpu.cpp

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ void GPU::BindRenderer(std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer_) {
     maxwell_3d->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
     fermi_2d->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
     kepler_compute->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
+    maxwell_dma->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
 }
 
 Engines::Maxwell3D& GPU::Maxwell3D() {

src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 
 namespace Tegra {
 class MemoryManager;
+namespace Engines {
+class AccelerateDMAInterface;
 }
+} // namespace Tegra
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 
@@ -119,6 +122,8 @@ public:
         return false;
     }
 
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface& AccessAccelerateDMA() = 0;
+
     /// Attempt to use a faster method to display the framebuffer to screen
     [[nodiscard]] virtual bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
                                                  VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride) {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra
       buffer_cache_runtime(device),
       buffer_cache(*this, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, cpu_memory_, buffer_cache_runtime),
       shader_cache(*this, emu_window_, gpu, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device),
-      query_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory),
+      query_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory), accelerate_dma(buffer_cache),
       fence_manager(*this, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
       async_shaders(emu_window_) {
     if (device.UseAsynchronousShaders()) {
@@ -701,6 +701,10 @@ bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateSurfaceCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surf
     return true;
 }
 
+Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface& RasterizerOpenGL::AccessAccelerateDMA() {
+    return accelerate_dma;
+}
+
 bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
                                          VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride) {
     if (framebuffer_addr == 0) {
@@ -1396,4 +1400,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::EndTransformFeedback() {
     glEndTransformFeedback();
 }
 
+AccelerateDMA::AccelerateDMA(BufferCache& buffer_cache_) : buffer_cache{buffer_cache_} {}
+
+bool AccelerateDMA::BufferCopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+    return buffer_cache.DMACopy(src_address, dest_address, amount);
+}
+
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/const_buffer_info.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.h"
 #include "video_core/rasterizer_accelerated.h"
 #include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h"
@@ -58,6 +59,16 @@ struct BindlessSSBO {
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(BindlessSSBO) * CHAR_BIT == 128);
 
+class AccelerateDMA : public Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface {
+public:
+    explicit AccelerateDMA(BufferCache& buffer_cache);
+
+    bool BufferCopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount) override;
+
+private:
+    BufferCache& buffer_cache;
+};
+
 class RasterizerOpenGL : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
     explicit RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
@@ -94,6 +105,7 @@ public:
     bool AccelerateSurfaceCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src,
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) override;
+    Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface& AccessAccelerateDMA() override;
     bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
                            u32 pixel_stride) override;
     void LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, std::stop_token stop_loading,
@@ -234,6 +246,7 @@ private:
     BufferCache buffer_cache;
     ShaderCacheOpenGL shader_cache;
     QueryCache query_cache;
+    AccelerateDMA accelerate_dma;
     FenceManagerOpenGL fence_manager;
 
     VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders async_shaders;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra
       buffer_cache(*this, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, cpu_memory_, buffer_cache_runtime),
       pipeline_cache(*this, gpu, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device, scheduler,
                      descriptor_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
-      query_cache{*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, scheduler},
+      query_cache{*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, scheduler}, accelerate_dma{buffer_cache},
       fence_manager(*this, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache, device, scheduler),
       wfi_event(device.GetLogical().CreateEvent()), async_shaders(emu_window_) {
     scheduler.SetQueryCache(query_cache);
@@ -660,6 +660,10 @@ bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateSurfaceCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surf
     return true;
 }
 
+Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface& RasterizerVulkan::AccessAccelerateDMA() {
+    return accelerate_dma;
+}
+
 bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
                                          VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride) {
     if (!framebuffer_addr) {
@@ -698,6 +702,13 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::FlushWork() {
     draw_counter = 0;
 }
 
+AccelerateDMA::AccelerateDMA(BufferCache& buffer_cache_) : buffer_cache{buffer_cache_} {}
+
+bool AccelerateDMA::BufferCopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+    return buffer_cache.DMACopy(src_address, dest_address, amount);
+}
+
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupShaderDescriptors(
     const std::array<Shader*, Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram>& shaders, bool is_indexed) {
     image_view_indices.clear();

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <boost/container/static_vector.hpp>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.h"
 #include "video_core/rasterizer_accelerated.h"
 #include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h"
@@ -49,6 +50,16 @@ struct VKScreenInfo;
 
 class StateTracker;
 
+class AccelerateDMA : public Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface {
+public:
+    explicit AccelerateDMA(BufferCache& buffer_cache);
+
+    bool BufferCopy(GPUVAddr start_address, GPUVAddr end_address, u64 amount) override;
+
+private:
+    BufferCache& buffer_cache;
+};
+
 class RasterizerVulkan final : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
     explicit RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
@@ -86,6 +97,7 @@ public:
     bool AccelerateSurfaceCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src,
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) override;
+    Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface& AccessAccelerateDMA() override;
     bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
                            u32 pixel_stride) override;
 
@@ -186,6 +198,7 @@ private:
     BufferCache buffer_cache;
     VKPipelineCache pipeline_cache;
     VKQueryCache query_cache;
+    AccelerateDMA accelerate_dma;
     VKFenceManager fence_manager;
 
     vk::Event wfi_event;