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u-boot/tools/binman/elf.py
Simon Glass 17b4ffc56f elf: Rename load_segments() and module failure 
Rename this function to make it clear that it only reads loadable
segments. Also update the error for missing module to better match the
message emitted by Python.

Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Alper Nebi Yasak <alpernebiyasak@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Alper Nebi Yasak <alpernebiyasak@gmail.com>
2022-03-18 19:24:25 -06:00

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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
# Copyright (c) 2016 Google, Inc
# Written by Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
#
# Handle various things related to ELF images
#
from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
import io
import os
import re
import shutil
import struct
import tempfile
from patman import command
from patman import tools
from patman import tout
ELF_TOOLS = True
try:
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFError
from elftools.elf.sections import SymbolTableSection
except: # pragma: no cover
ELF_TOOLS = False
# Information about an EFL symbol:
# section (str): Name of the section containing this symbol
# address (int): Address of the symbol (its value)
# size (int): Size of the symbol in bytes
# weak (bool): True if the symbol is weak
# offset (int or None): Offset of the symbol's data in the ELF file, or None if
# not known
Symbol = namedtuple('Symbol', ['section', 'address', 'size', 'weak', 'offset'])
# Information about an ELF file:
# data: Extracted program contents of ELF file (this would be loaded by an
# ELF loader when reading this file
# load: Load address of code
# entry: Entry address of code
# memsize: Number of bytes in memory occupied by loading this ELF file
ElfInfo = namedtuple('ElfInfo', ['data', 'load', 'entry', 'memsize'])
def GetSymbols(fname, patterns):
"""Get the symbols from an ELF file
Args:
fname: Filename of the ELF file to read
patterns: List of regex patterns to search for, each a string
Returns:
None, if the file does not exist, or Dict:
key: Name of symbol
value: Hex value of symbol
"""
stdout = tools.run('objdump', '-t', fname)
lines = stdout.splitlines()
if patterns:
re_syms = re.compile('|'.join(patterns))
else:
re_syms = None
syms = {}
syms_started = False
for line in lines:
if not line or not syms_started:
if 'SYMBOL TABLE' in line:
syms_started = True
line = None # Otherwise code coverage complains about 'continue'
continue
if re_syms and not re_syms.search(line):
continue
space_pos = line.find(' ')
value, rest = line[:space_pos], line[space_pos + 1:]
flags = rest[:7]
parts = rest[7:].split()
section, size = parts[:2]
if len(parts) > 2:
name = parts[2] if parts[2] != '.hidden' else parts[3]
syms[name] = Symbol(section, int(value, 16), int(size, 16),
flags[1] == 'w', None)
# Sort dict by address
return OrderedDict(sorted(syms.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].address))
def _GetFileOffset(elf, addr):
"""Get the file offset for an address
Args:
elf (ELFFile): ELF file to check
addr (int): Address to search for
Returns
int: Offset of that address in the ELF file, or None if not valid
"""
for seg in elf.iter_segments():
seg_end = seg['p_vaddr'] + seg['p_filesz']
if seg.header['p_type'] == 'PT_LOAD':
if addr >= seg['p_vaddr'] and addr < seg_end:
return addr - seg['p_vaddr'] + seg['p_offset']
def GetFileOffset(fname, addr):
"""Get the file offset for an address
Args:
fname (str): Filename of ELF file to check
addr (int): Address to search for
Returns
int: Offset of that address in the ELF file, or None if not valid
"""
if not ELF_TOOLS:
raise ValueError("Python: No module named 'elftools'")
with open(fname, 'rb') as fd:
elf = ELFFile(fd)
return _GetFileOffset(elf, addr)
def GetSymbolFromAddress(fname, addr):
"""Get the symbol at a particular address
Args:
fname (str): Filename of ELF file to check
addr (int): Address to search for
Returns:
str: Symbol name, or None if no symbol at that address
"""
if not ELF_TOOLS:
raise ValueError("Python: No module named 'elftools'")
with open(fname, 'rb') as fd:
elf = ELFFile(fd)
syms = GetSymbols(fname, None)
for name, sym in syms.items():
if sym.address == addr:
return name
def GetSymbolFileOffset(fname, patterns):
"""Get the symbols from an ELF file
Args:
fname: Filename of the ELF file to read
patterns: List of regex patterns to search for, each a string
Returns:
None, if the file does not exist, or Dict:
key: Name of symbol
value: Hex value of symbol
"""
if not ELF_TOOLS:
raise ValueError("Python: No module named 'elftools'")
syms = {}
with open(fname, 'rb') as fd:
elf = ELFFile(fd)
re_syms = re.compile('|'.join(patterns))
for section in elf.iter_sections():
if isinstance(section, SymbolTableSection):
for symbol in section.iter_symbols():
if not re_syms or re_syms.search(symbol.name):
addr = symbol.entry['st_value']
syms[symbol.name] = Symbol(
section.name, addr, symbol.entry['st_size'],
symbol.entry['st_info']['bind'] == 'STB_WEAK',
_GetFileOffset(elf, addr))
# Sort dict by address
return OrderedDict(sorted(syms.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].address))
def GetSymbolAddress(fname, sym_name):
"""Get a value of a symbol from an ELF file
Args:
fname: Filename of the ELF file to read
patterns: List of regex patterns to search for, each a string
Returns:
Symbol value (as an integer) or None if not found
"""
syms = GetSymbols(fname, [sym_name])
sym = syms.get(sym_name)
if not sym:
return None
return sym.address
def LookupAndWriteSymbols(elf_fname, entry, section):
"""Replace all symbols in an entry with their correct values
The entry contents is updated so that values for referenced symbols will be
visible at run time. This is done by finding out the symbols offsets in the
entry (using the ELF file) and replacing them with values from binman's data
structures.
Args:
elf_fname: Filename of ELF image containing the symbol information for
entry
entry: Entry to process
section: Section which can be used to lookup symbol values
"""
fname = tools.get_input_filename(elf_fname)
syms = GetSymbols(fname, ['image', 'binman'])
if not syms:
return
base = syms.get('__image_copy_start')
if not base:
return
for name, sym in syms.items():
if name.startswith('_binman'):
msg = ("Section '%s': Symbol '%s'\n in entry '%s'" %
(section.GetPath(), name, entry.GetPath()))
offset = sym.address - base.address
if offset < 0 or offset + sym.size > entry.contents_size:
raise ValueError('%s has offset %x (size %x) but the contents '
'size is %x' % (entry.GetPath(), offset,
sym.size, entry.contents_size))
if sym.size == 4:
pack_string = '<I'
elif sym.size == 8:
pack_string = '<Q'
else:
raise ValueError('%s has size %d: only 4 and 8 are supported' %
(msg, sym.size))
# Look up the symbol in our entry tables.
value = section.GetImage().LookupImageSymbol(name, sym.weak, msg,
base.address)
if value is None:
value = -1
pack_string = pack_string.lower()
value_bytes = struct.pack(pack_string, value)
tout.debug('%s:\n insert %s, offset %x, value %x, length %d' %
(msg, name, offset, value, len(value_bytes)))
entry.data = (entry.data[:offset] + value_bytes +
entry.data[offset + sym.size:])
def MakeElf(elf_fname, text, data):
"""Make an elf file with the given data in a single section
The output file has a several section including '.text' and '.data',
containing the info provided in arguments.
Args:
elf_fname: Output filename
text: Text (code) to put in the file's .text section
data: Data to put in the file's .data section
"""
outdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='binman.elf.')
s_file = os.path.join(outdir, 'elf.S')
# Spilt the text into two parts so that we can make the entry point two
# bytes after the start of the text section
text_bytes1 = ['\t.byte\t%#x' % byte for byte in text[:2]]
text_bytes2 = ['\t.byte\t%#x' % byte for byte in text[2:]]
data_bytes = ['\t.byte\t%#x' % byte for byte in data]
with open(s_file, 'w') as fd:
print('''/* Auto-generated C program to produce an ELF file for testing */
.section .text
.code32
.globl _start
.type _start, @function
%s
_start:
%s
.ident "comment"
.comm fred,8,4
.section .empty
.globl _empty
_empty:
.byte 1
.globl ernie
.data
.type ernie, @object
.size ernie, 4
ernie:
%s
''' % ('\n'.join(text_bytes1), '\n'.join(text_bytes2), '\n'.join(data_bytes)),
file=fd)
lds_file = os.path.join(outdir, 'elf.lds')
# Use a linker script to set the alignment and text address.
with open(lds_file, 'w') as fd:
print('''/* Auto-generated linker script to produce an ELF file for testing */
PHDRS
{
text PT_LOAD ;
data PT_LOAD ;
empty PT_LOAD FLAGS ( 6 ) ;
note PT_NOTE ;
}
SECTIONS
{
. = 0xfef20000;
ENTRY(_start)
.text . : SUBALIGN(0)
{
*(.text)
} :text
.data : {
*(.data)
} :data
_bss_start = .;
.empty : {
*(.empty)
} :empty
/DISCARD/ : {
*(.note.gnu.property)
}
.note : {
*(.comment)
} :note
.bss _bss_start (OVERLAY) : {
*(.bss)
}
}
''', file=fd)
# -static: Avoid requiring any shared libraries
# -nostdlib: Don't link with C library
# -Wl,--build-id=none: Don't generate a build ID, so that we just get the
# text section at the start
# -m32: Build for 32-bit x86
# -T...: Specifies the link script, which sets the start address
cc, args = tools.get_target_compile_tool('cc')
args += ['-static', '-nostdlib', '-Wl,--build-id=none', '-m32', '-T',
lds_file, '-o', elf_fname, s_file]
stdout = command.output(cc, *args)
shutil.rmtree(outdir)
def DecodeElf(data, location):
"""Decode an ELF file and return information about it
Args:
data: Data from ELF file
location: Start address of data to return
Returns:
ElfInfo object containing information about the decoded ELF file
"""
file_size = len(data)
with io.BytesIO(data) as fd:
elf = ELFFile(fd)
data_start = 0xffffffff;
data_end = 0;
mem_end = 0;
virt_to_phys = 0;
for i in range(elf.num_segments()):
segment = elf.get_segment(i)
if segment['p_type'] != 'PT_LOAD' or not segment['p_memsz']:
skipped = 1 # To make code-coverage see this line
continue
start = segment['p_paddr']
mend = start + segment['p_memsz']
rend = start + segment['p_filesz']
data_start = min(data_start, start)
data_end = max(data_end, rend)
mem_end = max(mem_end, mend)
if not virt_to_phys:
virt_to_phys = segment['p_paddr'] - segment['p_vaddr']
output = bytearray(data_end - data_start)
for i in range(elf.num_segments()):
segment = elf.get_segment(i)
if segment['p_type'] != 'PT_LOAD' or not segment['p_memsz']:
skipped = 1 # To make code-coverage see this line
continue
start = segment['p_paddr']
offset = 0
if start < location:
offset = location - start
start = location
# A legal ELF file can have a program header with non-zero length
# but zero-length file size and a non-zero offset which, added
# together, are greater than input->size (i.e. the total file size).
# So we need to not even test in the case that p_filesz is zero.
# Note: All of this code is commented out since we don't have a test
# case for it.
size = segment['p_filesz']
#if not size:
#continue
#end = segment['p_offset'] + segment['p_filesz']
#if end > file_size:
#raise ValueError('Underflow copying out the segment. File has %#x bytes left, segment end is %#x\n',
#file_size, end)
output[start - data_start:start - data_start + size] = (
segment.data()[offset:])
return ElfInfo(output, data_start, elf.header['e_entry'] + virt_to_phys,
mem_end - data_start)
def UpdateFile(infile, outfile, start_sym, end_sym, insert):
tout.notice("Creating file '%s' with data length %#x (%d) between symbols '%s' and '%s'" %
(outfile, len(insert), len(insert), start_sym, end_sym))
syms = GetSymbolFileOffset(infile, [start_sym, end_sym])
if len(syms) != 2:
raise ValueError("Expected two symbols '%s' and '%s': got %d: %s" %
(start_sym, end_sym, len(syms),
','.join(syms.keys())))
size = syms[end_sym].offset - syms[start_sym].offset
if len(insert) > size:
raise ValueError("Not enough space in '%s' for data length %#x (%d); size is %#x (%d)" %
(infile, len(insert), len(insert), size, size))
data = tools.read_file(infile)
newdata = data[:syms[start_sym].offset]
newdata += insert + tools.get_bytes(0, size - len(insert))
newdata += data[syms[end_sym].offset:]
tools.write_file(outfile, newdata)
tout.info('Written to offset %#x' % syms[start_sym].offset)
def read_loadable_segments(data):
"""Read segments from an ELF file
Args:
data (bytes): Contents of file
Returns:
tuple:
list of segments, each:
int: Segment number (0 = first)
int: Start address of segment in memory
bytes: Contents of segment
int: entry address for image
Raises:
ValueError: elftools is not available
"""
if not ELF_TOOLS:
raise ValueError("Python: No module named 'elftools'")
with io.BytesIO(data) as inf:
try:
elf = ELFFile(inf)
except ELFError as err:
raise ValueError(err)
entry = elf.header['e_entry']
segments = []
for i in range(elf.num_segments()):
segment = elf.get_segment(i)
if segment['p_type'] != 'PT_LOAD' or not segment['p_memsz']:
skipped = 1 # To make code-coverage see this line
continue
start = segment['p_offset']
rend = start + segment['p_filesz']
segments.append((i, segment['p_paddr'], data[start:rend]))
return segments, entry
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