mirror of
https://github.com/AsahiLinux/u-boot
synced 2024-12-21 02:33:07 +00:00
eaaa5fbbe4
Add some long overdue instructions for building and installing U-Boot on Allwinner SoC based boards. This describes the building process, including TF-A and crust, plus installation to SD card, eMMC and SPI flash, both from Linux and U-Boot itself. Also describe FEL booting. Signed-off-by: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
319 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
319 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
|
|
.. Copyright (C) 2021 Arm Ltd.
|
|
|
|
Allwinner SoC based boards
|
|
==========================
|
|
For boards using an Allwinner ARM based SoC ("sunxi"), the U-Boot build
|
|
system generates a single integrated image file: ``u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin.``
|
|
This file can be used on SD cards, eMMC devices, SPI flash and for the
|
|
USB-OTG based boot method (FEL). To build this file:
|
|
|
|
* For 64-bit SoCs, build Trusted Firmware (TF-A, formerly known as ATF) first,
|
|
you will need its ``bl31.bin``. See below for more details.
|
|
* Optionally on 64-bit SoCs, build the `crust`_ management processor firmware,
|
|
you will need its ``scp.bin``. See below for more details.
|
|
* Build U-Boot::
|
|
|
|
$ export BL31=/path/to/bl31.bin # required for 64-bit SoCs
|
|
$ export SCP=/path/to/scp.bin # optional for some 64-bit SoCs
|
|
$ make <yourboardname>_defconfig
|
|
$ make
|
|
* Transfer to an (micro)SD card (see below for more details)::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdX bs=8k seek=1
|
|
* Boot and enjoy!
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
The traditional SD card location the Allwinner BootROM loads from is 8KB
|
|
(sector 16). This works fine with the old MBR partitioning scheme, which most
|
|
SD cards come formatted with. However this is in the middle of a potential
|
|
GPT partition table, which will become invalid in this step. Newer SoCs
|
|
(starting with the H3 from late 2014) also support booting from 128KB, which
|
|
is beyond even a GPT and thus a safer location.
|
|
|
|
For more details, and alternative boot locations or installations, see below.
|
|
|
|
Building Arm Trusted Firmware (TF-A)
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
Boards using a 64-bit Soc (A64, H5, H6, H616, R329) require the BL31 stage of
|
|
the `Arm Trusted Firmware-A`_ firmware. This provides the reference
|
|
implementation of secure software for Armv8-A, offering PSCI and SMCCC
|
|
services. Allwinner support is fully mainlined. To build bl31.bin::
|
|
|
|
$ git clone https://git.trustedfirmware.org/TF-A/trusted-firmware-a.git
|
|
$ cd trusted-firmware-a
|
|
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- PLAT=sun50i_a64 DEBUG=1
|
|
$ export BL31=$(pwd)/build/sun50i_a64/debug/bl31.bin
|
|
|
|
The target platform (``PLAT=``) for A64 and H5 SoCs is sun50i_a64, for the H6
|
|
sun50i_h6, for the H616 sun50i_h616, and for the R329 sun50i_r329. Use::
|
|
|
|
$ find plat/allwinner -name platform.mk
|
|
|
|
to find all supported platforms. TF-A's `docs/plat/allwinner.rst`_ contains
|
|
more information and lists some build options.
|
|
|
|
Building the Crust management processor firmware
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
For some SoCs and boards, the integrated OpenRISC management controller can
|
|
be used to provide power management services, foremost suspend to RAM.
|
|
There is a community supported Open Source implementation called `crust`_,
|
|
which runs on most SoCs featuring a management controller.
|
|
|
|
This firmware part is optional, setting the SCP environment variable to
|
|
/dev/null avoids the warning message when building without one.
|
|
|
|
To build crust's scp.bin, you need an OpenRISC (or1k) cross compiler, then::
|
|
|
|
$ git clone https://github.com/crust-firmware/crust.git
|
|
$ cd crust
|
|
$ make <yourboard>_defconfig
|
|
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=or1k-none-elf- scp
|
|
$ export SCP=$(pwd)/build/scp/scp.bin
|
|
|
|
Find a list of supported board configurations in the `configs/`_ directory.
|
|
The `crust README`_ has more information about the building process, including
|
|
information about where to get OpenRISC cross compilers.
|
|
|
|
Building the U-Boot image
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
Find the U-Boot defconfig file for your board first. Those files live in
|
|
the ``configs/`` directory; you can grep for the stub name of the devicetree
|
|
file, if you know that, or for the SoC name to find the right version::
|
|
|
|
$ git grep -l MACH_SUN8I_H3 configs
|
|
$ git grep -l sun50i-h6-orangepi-3 configs
|
|
|
|
The `linux-sunxi`_ wiki also lists the name of the defconfig file in the
|
|
respective board page. Then use this defconfig file to create the .config
|
|
file, and build the image::
|
|
|
|
$ make <yourboard>_defconfig
|
|
$ make
|
|
|
|
For 64-bit boards, this requires either the BL31 environment variable to be
|
|
set (as shown above in the TF-A build example), or it to be supplied on the
|
|
build command line::
|
|
|
|
$ make BL31=/src/tf-a.git/build/sun50i_h616/debug/bl31.bin
|
|
|
|
The same applies to the (optional) SCP firmware.
|
|
|
|
The file containing everything you need is called ``u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin``,
|
|
you will find it in the root folder of your U-Boot (build) tree. Except for
|
|
raw NAND flash devices this very same file can be used for any boot source.
|
|
It will contain the SPL image, fitted with the proper signature recognised by
|
|
the BROM, and the required checksum. Also it will contain at least U-Boot
|
|
proper, either wrapped in the legacy U-Boot image format, or in a FIT image.
|
|
The board's devicetree is also included, either appended to the U-Boot proper
|
|
image, or contained in the FIT image. If required by the SoC, this FIT file will
|
|
also include the other firmware images.
|
|
|
|
Installing U-Boot
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Installing on a (micro-) SD card
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
All Allwinner SoCs will try to find a boot image at sector 16 (8KB) of
|
|
an SD card, connected to the first MMC controller. To transfer the generated
|
|
image to an SD card, from any Linux device (including the board itself) with
|
|
an (micro-)SD card reader, type::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdX bs=1k seek=8
|
|
|
|
``/dev/sdx`` needs to be replaced with the block device name of the SD card
|
|
reader. On some machines this could be ``/dev/mmcblkX``.
|
|
Newer SoCs (starting from the H3 from 2014, and including all ARM64 SoCs),
|
|
also look at sector 256 (128KB) for the signature (after having checked the
|
|
8KB location). Installing the firmware there has the advantage of not
|
|
overlapping with a GPT partition table. Simply replace the "``seek=8``" above
|
|
with "``seek=128``".
|
|
|
|
You can also use an existing (mainline) U-Boot to write to the SD card. Load
|
|
the generated U-Boot image somewhere into DRAM (via ``ext4load``, ``fatload``,
|
|
or ``tftpboot``), then write to MMC device 0::
|
|
|
|
=> fatload mmc 0:1 $kernel_addr_r u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
|
|
=> mmc dev 0
|
|
=> mmc write $kernel_addr_r 0x10 0x7f0
|
|
|
|
To use the alternative boot location on newer SoCs::
|
|
|
|
=> mmc write $kernel_addr_r 0x100 0x700
|
|
|
|
Installing on eMMC (on-board flash memory)
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
Some boards have a soldered eMMC chip, some other boards have an eMMC socket
|
|
to receive an optional eMMC module. U-Boot can be installed to those chips,
|
|
to boot without an SD card inserted. The Boot-ROM can boot either from the
|
|
regular user data partition, or from one of the separate eMMC boot partitions.
|
|
U-Boot can be installed either from a running Linux instance on the device,
|
|
from a running (mainline) U-Boot, or via an adapter for the (removable)
|
|
eMMC module.
|
|
|
|
Installing on an eMMC user data partition from Linux
|
|
````````````````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
If you have a running Linux instance on the device, and have somehow copied
|
|
over the image file to that device, you can write the image directly into the
|
|
eMMC device from there.
|
|
Find the name of the block device file first, it is one of the
|
|
``/dev/mmcblk<X>`` devices. eMMC devices typically also list a
|
|
``/dev/mmcblk<X>boot0`` partition (see below), this helps you to tell it apart
|
|
from the SD card device.
|
|
To install onto the user data partition::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/dev/mmcblkX bs=1k seek=8
|
|
|
|
Similar to SD cards, the BROM in newer SoCs (H3 and above) also checks
|
|
sector 256 of an eMMC, so you can use "``seek=128``" as well. Having a GPT
|
|
on an eMMC device is much more likely than on an SD card, so you should
|
|
probably stick to the alternative location, or use one of the boot partitions.
|
|
|
|
Installing on an eMMC boot partition from Linux
|
|
```````````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
In the following examples, ``/dev/mmcblkX`` needs to be replaced with the block
|
|
device name of the eMMC device. The eMMC device can be recognised by also
|
|
listing the boot partitions (``/dev/mmcblkXboot0``) in ``/proc/partitions``.
|
|
|
|
To allow booting from one of the eMMC boot partitions, this one needs to be
|
|
enabled first. This only needs to be done once, as this setting is
|
|
persistent, even though the boot partition can be disabled or changed again
|
|
any time later::
|
|
|
|
# apt-get install mmc-utils
|
|
# mmc bootbus set single_hs x1 x4 /dev/mmcblkX
|
|
# mmc bootpart enable 1 1 /dev/mmcblkX
|
|
|
|
The first "1" in the last command points to the boot partition number to be
|
|
used, typically devices offer two boot partitions.
|
|
|
|
By default Linux disables write access to the boot partitions, to prevent
|
|
accidental overwrites. You need to disable the write protection (until the
|
|
next reboot), then can write the U-Boot image to the *first* sector of the
|
|
selected boot partition::
|
|
|
|
# echo 0 > /sys/block/mmcblkXboot0/force_ro
|
|
# dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/mmcblkXboot0 bs=1k
|
|
|
|
Installing on an eMMC user data partition from U-Boot
|
|
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
You can also write the generated image file to an SD card, boot the device
|
|
from there, and burn the very same image to the eMMC device from U-Boot.
|
|
The following commands copy the image from the SD card to the eMMC device::
|
|
|
|
=> mmc dev 0
|
|
=> mmc read $kernel_addr_r 0x10 0x7f0
|
|
=> mmc dev 1
|
|
=> mmc write $kernel_addr_r 0x10 0x7f0
|
|
|
|
You can also copy an image from the 8K offset of an SD card to the 128K
|
|
offset of the eMMC (or any combination), just change the "``0x10 0x7f0``" above
|
|
to "``0x100 0x700``", respectively. Of course the image file can be loaded via
|
|
any other loading method, including ``fatload``, ``ext4load``, ``tftpboot``.
|
|
|
|
Installing on an eMMC boot partition from U-Boot
|
|
````````````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
The selected eMMC boot partition needs to be initially enabled first (same
|
|
as in Linux above), you can do this from U-Boot with::
|
|
|
|
=> mmc dev 1
|
|
=> mmc bootbus 1 1 0 0
|
|
=> mmc partconf 1 1 1 1
|
|
|
|
The first "1" in both commands denotes the MMC device number. The second "1"
|
|
in the partconf command sets the required ``BOOT_ACK`` option, the last two "1"s
|
|
selects the active boot partition and the target for the next data access,
|
|
respectively. So for the next "``mmc write``" command to address one of the boot
|
|
partitions, the last number must either be "1" or "2", "0" would switch (back)
|
|
to the normal user data partition.
|
|
|
|
Then load the ``u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin`` image file into DRAM, either by
|
|
reading directly from an SD card or eMMC user data partition, or from a
|
|
file system or TFTP (see above), and transfer it to the boot partition::
|
|
|
|
=> tftpboot $kernel_addr_r u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
|
|
=> mmc write $kernel_addr_r 0 0x7f0
|
|
|
|
After that the device should boot from the selected boot partition, which takes
|
|
precedence over booting from the user data partition.
|
|
|
|
Installing on SPI flash
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
Some devices have a SPI NOR flash chip soldered on the board. If it is
|
|
connected to the SPI0 pins on PortC, the BROM can also boot from there.
|
|
Typically the SPI flash has the lowest boot priority, so SD card and eMMC
|
|
devices will be considered first.
|
|
|
|
Installing on SPI flash from Linux
|
|
``````````````````````````````````
|
|
If the devicetree enables and describes the SPI flash device, you can access
|
|
the SPI flash content from Linux, using the `MTD utils`_::
|
|
|
|
# apt-get install mtd-utils
|
|
# mtdinfo
|
|
# mtd_debug erase /dev/mtdX 0 0xf0000
|
|
# mtd_debug write /dev/mtdX 0 0xf0000 u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
|
|
|
|
``/dev/mtdX`` needs to be replaced with the respective device name, as listed
|
|
in the output of ``mtdinfo``.
|
|
|
|
Installing on SPI flash from U-Boot
|
|
```````````````````````````````````
|
|
If SPI flash driver and command support (``CONFIG_CMD_SF``) is enabled in the
|
|
U-Boot configuration, the image file can be installed via U-Boot as well::
|
|
|
|
=> tftpboot $kernel_addr_r u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
|
|
=> sf probe
|
|
=> sf erase 0 +0xf0000
|
|
=> sf write $kernel_addr_r 0 $filesize
|
|
|
|
Installing on SPI flash via USB in FEL mode
|
|
```````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
If the device is in FEL mode (see below), the SPI flash can also be written to
|
|
with the sunxi-fel utility, via an USB(-OTG) cable from any USB host machine::
|
|
|
|
$ sunxi-fel spiflash-write 0 u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
|
|
|
|
Booting via the USB(-OTG) FEL mode
|
|
----------------------------------
|
|
If none of the boot locations checked by the BROM contains a medium or valid
|
|
signature, the BROM will enter the so-called FEL mode, in which it will
|
|
listen to commands from a host on the SoC's USB-OTG interface. Those commands
|
|
allow to read from and write to arbitrary memory locations, also to start
|
|
execution at any address, which allows to bootstrap a board solely via an
|
|
USB cable. Some boards feature a "FEL" or "U-Boot" button, which forces
|
|
FEL mode despite a valid boot location being present. The same can be achieved
|
|
via a `magic binary`_ on an SD card, which allows to enter FEL mode on any
|
|
board.
|
|
|
|
To use FEL booting, let the board enter FEL mode, via any of the mentioned
|
|
methods (no boot media, FEL button, SD card with FEL binary), then connect
|
|
a USB cable to the board's USB OTG port. Some boards (Pine64, TV boxes) don't
|
|
have a separate OTG port. In this case mostly one of the USB-A ports is
|
|
connected to USB0, and can be used via a non-standard USB-A to USB-A cable.
|
|
|
|
Typically there is no on-board indication of FEL mode, other than a new USB
|
|
device appearing on the connected host computer. The USB vendor/device ID
|
|
is 1f3a:efe8. Mostly this will identify as "sunxi SoC OTG connector in
|
|
FEL/flashing mode", but older distributions might still report "Onda
|
|
(unverified) V972 tablet in flashing mode".
|
|
|
|
The `sunxi_fel`_ tool implements the proprietary BROM protocol, and allows to
|
|
bootstrap U-Boot by just providing our venerable u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo apt-get install sunxi-tools
|
|
$ sunxi-fel uboot u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
|
|
|
|
Additional binaries like a kernel, an initial ramdisk or a boot script, can
|
|
also be uploaded via FEL, check the Wiki's `FEL page`_ for more details.
|
|
|
|
.. _`Arm Trusted Firmware-A`: https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/tf-a/
|
|
.. _`docs/plat/allwinner.rst`: https://trustedfirmware-a.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plat/allwinner.html
|
|
.. _`crust`: https://github.com/crust-firmware/crust
|
|
.. _`configs/`: https://github.com/crust-firmware/crust/tree/master/configs
|
|
.. _`crust README`: https://github.com/crust-firmware/crust/blob/master/README.md#building-the-firmware
|
|
.. _`linux-sunxi`: https://linux-sunxi.org
|
|
.. _`MTD utils`: http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/
|
|
.. _`magic binary`: https://github.com/linux-sunxi/sunxi-tools/raw/master/bin/fel-sdboot.sunxi
|
|
.. _`sunxi_fel`: https://github.com/linux-sunxi/sunxi-tools
|
|
.. _`FEL page`: https://linux-sunxi.org/FEL/USBBoot
|