// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ /* * Copyright (c) 2011 The Chromium OS Authors. * (C) Copyright 2002 * Daniel Engström, Omicron Ceti AB, */ /* * Linux x86 zImage and bzImage loading * * based on the procdure described in * linux/Documentation/i386/boot.txt */ #define LOG_CATEGORY LOGC_BOOT #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_COREBOOT #include #endif #include #include #include DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR; /* * Memory lay-out: * * relative to setup_base (which is 0x90000 currently) * * 0x0000-0x7FFF Real mode kernel * 0x8000-0x8FFF Stack and heap * 0x9000-0x90FF Kernel command line */ #define DEFAULT_SETUP_BASE 0x90000 #define COMMAND_LINE_OFFSET 0x9000 #define HEAP_END_OFFSET 0x8e00 #define COMMAND_LINE_SIZE 2048 /** * struct zboot_state - Current state of the boot * * @bzimage_addr: Address of the bzImage to boot * @bzimage_size: Size of the bzImage, or 0 to detect this * @initrd_addr: Address of the initial ramdisk, or 0 if none * @initrd_size: Size of the initial ramdisk, or 0 if none * @load_address: Address where the bzImage is moved before booting, either * BZIMAGE_LOAD_ADDR or ZIMAGE_LOAD_ADDR * @base_ptr: Pointer to the boot parameters, typically at address * DEFAULT_SETUP_BASE * @cmdline: Environment variable containing the 'override' command line, or * NULL to use the one in the setup block */ struct zboot_state { ulong bzimage_addr; ulong bzimage_size; ulong initrd_addr; ulong initrd_size; ulong load_address; struct boot_params *base_ptr; char *cmdline; } state; enum { ZBOOT_STATE_START = BIT(0), ZBOOT_STATE_LOAD = BIT(1), ZBOOT_STATE_SETUP = BIT(2), ZBOOT_STATE_INFO = BIT(3), ZBOOT_STATE_GO = BIT(4), /* This one doesn't execute automatically, so stop the count before 5 */ ZBOOT_STATE_DUMP = BIT(5), ZBOOT_STATE_COUNT = 5, }; static void build_command_line(char *command_line, int auto_boot) { char *env_command_line; command_line[0] = '\0'; env_command_line = env_get("bootargs"); /* set console= argument if we use a serial console */ if (!strstr(env_command_line, "console=")) { if (!strcmp(env_get("stdout"), "serial")) { /* We seem to use serial console */ sprintf(command_line, "console=ttyS0,%s ", env_get("baudrate")); } } if (auto_boot) strcat(command_line, "auto "); if (env_command_line) strcat(command_line, env_command_line); #ifdef DEBUG printf("Kernel command line:"); puts(command_line); printf("\n"); #endif } static int kernel_magic_ok(struct setup_header *hdr) { if (KERNEL_MAGIC != hdr->boot_flag) { printf("Error: Invalid Boot Flag " "(found 0x%04x, expected 0x%04x)\n", hdr->boot_flag, KERNEL_MAGIC); return 0; } else { printf("Valid Boot Flag\n"); return 1; } } static int get_boot_protocol(struct setup_header *hdr, bool verbose) { if (hdr->header == KERNEL_V2_MAGIC) { if (verbose) printf("Magic signature found\n"); return hdr->version; } else { /* Very old kernel */ if (verbose) printf("Magic signature not found\n"); return 0x0100; } } static int setup_device_tree(struct setup_header *hdr, const void *fdt_blob) { int bootproto = get_boot_protocol(hdr, false); struct setup_data *sd; int size; if (bootproto < 0x0209) return -ENOTSUPP; if (!fdt_blob) return 0; size = fdt_totalsize(fdt_blob); if (size < 0) return -EINVAL; size += sizeof(struct setup_data); sd = (struct setup_data *)malloc(size); if (!sd) { printf("Not enough memory for DTB setup data\n"); return -ENOMEM; } sd->next = hdr->setup_data; sd->type = SETUP_DTB; sd->len = fdt_totalsize(fdt_blob); memcpy(sd->data, fdt_blob, sd->len); hdr->setup_data = (unsigned long)sd; return 0; } static const char *get_kernel_version(struct boot_params *params, void *kernel_base) { struct setup_header *hdr = ¶ms->hdr; int bootproto; const char *s, *end; bootproto = get_boot_protocol(hdr, false); if (bootproto < 0x0200 || hdr->setup_sects < 15) return NULL; /* sanity-check the kernel version in case it is missing */ for (s = kernel_base + hdr->kernel_version + 0x200, end = s + 0x100; *s; s++) { if (!isprint(*s)) return NULL; } return kernel_base + hdr->kernel_version + 0x200; } struct boot_params *load_zimage(char *image, unsigned long kernel_size, ulong *load_addressp) { struct boot_params *setup_base; const char *version; int setup_size; int bootproto; int big_image; struct boot_params *params = (struct boot_params *)image; struct setup_header *hdr = ¶ms->hdr; /* base address for real-mode segment */ setup_base = (struct boot_params *)DEFAULT_SETUP_BASE; if (!kernel_magic_ok(hdr)) return 0; /* determine size of setup */ if (0 == hdr->setup_sects) { log_warning("Setup Sectors = 0 (defaulting to 4)\n"); setup_size = 5 * 512; } else { setup_size = (hdr->setup_sects + 1) * 512; } log_debug("Setup Size = 0x%8.8lx\n", (ulong)setup_size); if (setup_size > SETUP_MAX_SIZE) printf("Error: Setup is too large (%d bytes)\n", setup_size); /* determine boot protocol version */ bootproto = get_boot_protocol(hdr, true); log_debug("Using boot protocol version %x.%02x\n", (bootproto & 0xff00) >> 8, bootproto & 0xff); version = get_kernel_version(params, image); if (version) printf("Linux kernel version %s\n", version); else printf("Setup Sectors < 15 - Cannot print kernel version\n"); /* Determine image type */ big_image = (bootproto >= 0x0200) && (hdr->loadflags & BIG_KERNEL_FLAG); /* Determine load address */ if (big_image) *load_addressp = BZIMAGE_LOAD_ADDR; else *load_addressp = ZIMAGE_LOAD_ADDR; printf("Building boot_params at 0x%8.8lx\n", (ulong)setup_base); memset(setup_base, 0, sizeof(*setup_base)); setup_base->hdr = params->hdr; if (bootproto >= 0x0204) kernel_size = hdr->syssize * 16; else kernel_size -= setup_size; if (bootproto == 0x0100) { /* * A very old kernel MUST have its real-mode code * loaded at 0x90000 */ if ((ulong)setup_base != 0x90000) { /* Copy the real-mode kernel */ memmove((void *)0x90000, setup_base, setup_size); /* Copy the command line */ memmove((void *)0x99000, (u8 *)setup_base + COMMAND_LINE_OFFSET, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); /* Relocated */ setup_base = (struct boot_params *)0x90000; } /* It is recommended to clear memory up to the 32K mark */ memset((u8 *)0x90000 + setup_size, 0, SETUP_MAX_SIZE - setup_size); } if (big_image) { if (kernel_size > BZIMAGE_MAX_SIZE) { printf("Error: bzImage kernel too big! " "(size: %ld, max: %d)\n", kernel_size, BZIMAGE_MAX_SIZE); return 0; } } else if ((kernel_size) > ZIMAGE_MAX_SIZE) { printf("Error: zImage kernel too big! (size: %ld, max: %d)\n", kernel_size, ZIMAGE_MAX_SIZE); return 0; } printf("Loading %s at address %lx (%ld bytes)\n", big_image ? "bzImage" : "zImage", *load_addressp, kernel_size); memmove((void *)*load_addressp, image + setup_size, kernel_size); return setup_base; } int setup_zimage(struct boot_params *setup_base, char *cmd_line, int auto_boot, ulong initrd_addr, ulong initrd_size, ulong cmdline_force) { struct setup_header *hdr = &setup_base->hdr; int bootproto = get_boot_protocol(hdr, false); log_debug("Setup E820 entries\n"); if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_COREBOOT_SYSINFO)) { setup_base->e820_entries = cb_install_e820_map( ARRAY_SIZE(setup_base->e820_map), setup_base->e820_map); } else { setup_base->e820_entries = install_e820_map( ARRAY_SIZE(setup_base->e820_map), setup_base->e820_map); } if (bootproto == 0x0100) { setup_base->screen_info.cl_magic = COMMAND_LINE_MAGIC; setup_base->screen_info.cl_offset = COMMAND_LINE_OFFSET; } if (bootproto >= 0x0200) { hdr->type_of_loader = 0x80; /* U-Boot version 0 */ if (initrd_addr) { printf("Initial RAM disk at linear address " "0x%08lx, size %ld bytes\n", initrd_addr, initrd_size); hdr->ramdisk_image = initrd_addr; hdr->ramdisk_size = initrd_size; } } if (bootproto >= 0x0201) { hdr->heap_end_ptr = HEAP_END_OFFSET; hdr->loadflags |= HEAP_FLAG; } if (cmd_line) { int max_size = 0xff; int ret; log_debug("Setup cmdline\n"); if (bootproto >= 0x0206) max_size = hdr->cmdline_size; if (bootproto >= 0x0202) { hdr->cmd_line_ptr = (uintptr_t)cmd_line; } else if (bootproto >= 0x0200) { setup_base->screen_info.cl_magic = COMMAND_LINE_MAGIC; setup_base->screen_info.cl_offset = (uintptr_t)cmd_line - (uintptr_t)setup_base; hdr->setup_move_size = 0x9100; } /* build command line at COMMAND_LINE_OFFSET */ if (cmdline_force) strcpy(cmd_line, (char *)cmdline_force); else build_command_line(cmd_line, auto_boot); ret = bootm_process_cmdline(cmd_line, max_size, BOOTM_CL_ALL); if (ret) { printf("Cmdline setup failed (max_size=%x, bootproto=%x, err=%d)\n", max_size, bootproto, ret); return ret; } printf("Kernel command line: \""); puts(cmd_line); printf("\"\n"); } if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INTEL_MID) && bootproto >= 0x0207) hdr->hardware_subarch = X86_SUBARCH_INTEL_MID; if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GENERATE_ACPI_TABLE)) setup_base->acpi_rsdp_addr = acpi_get_rsdp_addr(); log_debug("Setup devicetree\n"); setup_device_tree(hdr, (const void *)env_get_hex("fdtaddr", 0)); setup_video(&setup_base->screen_info); if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_STUB)) setup_efi_info(&setup_base->efi_info); return 0; } static int do_zboot_start(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[]) { const char *s; memset(&state, '\0', sizeof(state)); if (argc >= 2) { /* argv[1] holds the address of the bzImage */ s = argv[1]; } else { s = env_get("fileaddr"); } if (s) state.bzimage_addr = simple_strtoul(s, NULL, 16); if (argc >= 3) { /* argv[2] holds the size of the bzImage */ state.bzimage_size = simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16); } if (argc >= 4) state.initrd_addr = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 16); if (argc >= 5) state.initrd_size = simple_strtoul(argv[4], NULL, 16); if (argc >= 6) { /* * When the base_ptr is passed in, we assume that the image is * already loaded at the address given by argv[1] and therefore * the original bzImage is somewhere else, or not accessible. * In any case, we don't need access to the bzImage since all * the processing is assumed to be done. * * So set the base_ptr to the given address, use this arg as the * load address and set bzimage_addr to 0 so we know that it * cannot be proceesed (or processed again). */ state.base_ptr = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[5], NULL, 16); state.load_address = state.bzimage_addr; state.bzimage_addr = 0; } if (argc >= 7) state.cmdline = env_get(argv[6]); return 0; } static int do_zboot_load(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[]) { struct boot_params *base_ptr; if (state.base_ptr) { struct boot_params *from = (struct boot_params *)state.base_ptr; base_ptr = (struct boot_params *)DEFAULT_SETUP_BASE; log_debug("Building boot_params at 0x%8.8lx\n", (ulong)base_ptr); memset(base_ptr, '\0', sizeof(*base_ptr)); base_ptr->hdr = from->hdr; } else { base_ptr = load_zimage((void *)state.bzimage_addr, state.bzimage_size, &state.load_address); if (!base_ptr) { puts("## Kernel loading failed ...\n"); return CMD_RET_FAILURE; } } state.base_ptr = base_ptr; if (env_set_hex("zbootbase", (ulong)base_ptr) || env_set_hex("zbootaddr", state.load_address)) return CMD_RET_FAILURE; return 0; } static int do_zboot_setup(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[]) { struct boot_params *base_ptr = state.base_ptr; int ret; if (!base_ptr) { printf("base is not set: use 'zboot load' first\n"); return CMD_RET_FAILURE; } ret = setup_zimage(base_ptr, (char *)base_ptr + COMMAND_LINE_OFFSET, 0, state.initrd_addr, state.initrd_size, (ulong)state.cmdline); if (ret) { puts("Setting up boot parameters failed ...\n"); return CMD_RET_FAILURE; } return 0; } static int do_zboot_info(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[]) { printf("Kernel loaded at %08lx, setup_base=%p\n", state.load_address, state.base_ptr); return 0; } static int do_zboot_go(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[]) { int ret; disable_interrupts(); /* we assume that the kernel is in place */ ret = boot_linux_kernel((ulong)state.base_ptr, state.load_address, false); printf("Kernel returned! (err=%d)\n", ret); return CMD_RET_FAILURE; } static void print_num(const char *name, ulong value) { printf("%-20s: %lx\n", name, value); } static void print_num64(const char *name, u64 value) { printf("%-20s: %llx\n", name, value); } static const char *const e820_type_name[E820_COUNT] = { [E820_RAM] = "RAM", [E820_RESERVED] = "Reserved", [E820_ACPI] = "ACPI", [E820_NVS] = "ACPI NVS", [E820_UNUSABLE] = "Unusable", }; static const char *const bootloader_id[] = { "LILO", "Loadlin", "bootsect-loader", "Syslinux", "Etherboot/gPXE/iPXE", "ELILO", "undefined", "GRUB", "U-Boot", "Xen", "Gujin", "Qemu", "Arcturus Networks uCbootloader", "kexec-tools", "Extended", "Special", "Reserved", "Minimal Linux Bootloader", "OVMF UEFI virtualization stack", }; struct flag_info { uint bit; const char *name; }; static struct flag_info load_flags[] = { { LOADED_HIGH, "loaded-high" }, { QUIET_FLAG, "quiet" }, { KEEP_SEGMENTS, "keep-segments" }, { CAN_USE_HEAP, "can-use-heap" }, }; static struct flag_info xload_flags[] = { { XLF_KERNEL_64, "64-bit-entry" }, { XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G, "can-load-above-4gb" }, { XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_32, "32-efi-handoff" }, { XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_64, "64-efi-handoff" }, { XLF_EFI_KEXEC, "kexec-efi-runtime" }, }; static void print_flags(struct flag_info *flags, int count, uint value) { int i; printf("%-20s:", ""); for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { uint mask = flags[i].bit; if (value & mask) printf(" %s", flags[i].name); } printf("\n"); } static void show_loader(struct setup_header *hdr) { bool version_valid = false; int type, version; const char *name; type = hdr->type_of_loader >> 4; version = hdr->type_of_loader & 0xf; if (type == 0xe) type = 0x10 + hdr->ext_loader_type; version |= hdr->ext_loader_ver << 4; if (!hdr->type_of_loader) { name = "pre-2.00 bootloader"; } else if (hdr->type_of_loader == 0xff) { name = "unknown"; } else if (type < ARRAY_SIZE(bootloader_id)) { name = bootloader_id[type]; version_valid = true; } else { name = "undefined"; } printf("%20s %s", "", name); if (version_valid) printf(", version %x", version); printf("\n"); } void zimage_dump(struct boot_params *base_ptr) { struct setup_header *hdr; const char *version; int i; printf("Setup located at %p:\n\n", base_ptr); print_num64("ACPI RSDP addr", base_ptr->acpi_rsdp_addr); printf("E820: %d entries\n", base_ptr->e820_entries); if (base_ptr->e820_entries) { printf("%18s %16s %s\n", "Addr", "Size", "Type"); for (i = 0; i < base_ptr->e820_entries; i++) { struct e820_entry *entry = &base_ptr->e820_map[i]; printf("%12llx %10llx %s\n", entry->addr, entry->size, entry->type < E820_COUNT ? e820_type_name[entry->type] : simple_itoa(entry->type)); } } hdr = &base_ptr->hdr; print_num("Setup sectors", hdr->setup_sects); print_num("Root flags", hdr->root_flags); print_num("Sys size", hdr->syssize); print_num("RAM size", hdr->ram_size); print_num("Video mode", hdr->vid_mode); print_num("Root dev", hdr->root_dev); print_num("Boot flag", hdr->boot_flag); print_num("Jump", hdr->jump); print_num("Header", hdr->header); if (hdr->header == KERNEL_V2_MAGIC) printf("%-20s %s\n", "", "Kernel V2"); else printf("%-20s %s\n", "", "Ancient kernel, using version 100"); print_num("Version", hdr->version); print_num("Real mode switch", hdr->realmode_swtch); print_num("Start sys", hdr->start_sys); print_num("Kernel version", hdr->kernel_version); version = get_kernel_version(base_ptr, (void *)state.bzimage_addr); if (version) printf(" @%p: %s\n", version, version); print_num("Type of loader", hdr->type_of_loader); show_loader(hdr); print_num("Load flags", hdr->loadflags); print_flags(load_flags, ARRAY_SIZE(load_flags), hdr->loadflags); print_num("Setup move size", hdr->setup_move_size); print_num("Code32 start", hdr->code32_start); print_num("Ramdisk image", hdr->ramdisk_image); print_num("Ramdisk size", hdr->ramdisk_size); print_num("Bootsect kludge", hdr->bootsect_kludge); print_num("Heap end ptr", hdr->heap_end_ptr); print_num("Ext loader ver", hdr->ext_loader_ver); print_num("Ext loader type", hdr->ext_loader_type); print_num("Command line ptr", hdr->cmd_line_ptr); if (hdr->cmd_line_ptr) { printf(" "); /* Use puts() to avoid limits from CONFIG_SYS_PBSIZE */ puts((char *)(ulong)hdr->cmd_line_ptr); printf("\n"); } print_num("Initrd addr max", hdr->initrd_addr_max); print_num("Kernel alignment", hdr->kernel_alignment); print_num("Relocatable kernel", hdr->relocatable_kernel); print_num("Min alignment", hdr->min_alignment); if (hdr->min_alignment) printf("%-20s: %x\n", "", 1 << hdr->min_alignment); print_num("Xload flags", hdr->xloadflags); print_flags(xload_flags, ARRAY_SIZE(xload_flags), hdr->xloadflags); print_num("Cmdline size", hdr->cmdline_size); print_num("Hardware subarch", hdr->hardware_subarch); print_num64("HW subarch data", hdr->hardware_subarch_data); print_num("Payload offset", hdr->payload_offset); print_num("Payload length", hdr->payload_length); print_num64("Setup data", hdr->setup_data); print_num64("Pref address", hdr->pref_address); print_num("Init size", hdr->init_size); print_num("Handover offset", hdr->handover_offset); if (get_boot_protocol(hdr, false) >= 0x215) print_num("Kernel info offset", hdr->kernel_info_offset); } static int do_zboot_dump(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[]) { struct boot_params *base_ptr = state.base_ptr; if (argc > 1) base_ptr = (void *)simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16); if (!base_ptr) { printf("No zboot setup_base\n"); return CMD_RET_FAILURE; } zimage_dump(base_ptr); return 0; } /* Note: This defines the complete_zboot() function */ U_BOOT_SUBCMDS(zboot, U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(start, 8, 1, do_zboot_start, "", ""), U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(load, 1, 1, do_zboot_load, "", ""), U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(setup, 1, 1, do_zboot_setup, "", ""), U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(info, 1, 1, do_zboot_info, "", ""), U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(go, 1, 1, do_zboot_go, "", ""), U_BOOT_CMD_MKENT(dump, 2, 1, do_zboot_dump, "", ""), ) int do_zboot_states(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[], int state_mask) { int i; for (i = 0; i < ZBOOT_STATE_COUNT; i++) { struct cmd_tbl *cmd = &zboot_subcmds[i]; int mask = 1 << i; int ret; if (mask & state_mask) { ret = cmd->cmd(cmd, flag, argc, argv); if (ret) return ret; } } return 0; } int do_zboot_parent(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[], int *repeatable) { /* determine if we have a sub command */ if (argc > 1) { char *endp; simple_strtoul(argv[1], &endp, 16); /* * endp pointing to nul means that argv[1] was just a valid * number, so pass it along to the normal processing */ if (*endp) return do_zboot(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, repeatable); } do_zboot_states(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, ZBOOT_STATE_START | ZBOOT_STATE_LOAD | ZBOOT_STATE_SETUP | ZBOOT_STATE_INFO | ZBOOT_STATE_GO); return CMD_RET_FAILURE; } U_BOOT_CMDREP_COMPLETE( zboot, 8, do_zboot_parent, "Boot bzImage", "[addr] [size] [initrd addr] [initrd size] [setup] [cmdline]\n" " addr - The optional starting address of the bzimage.\n" " If not set it defaults to the environment\n" " variable \"fileaddr\".\n" " size - The optional size of the bzimage. Defaults to\n" " zero.\n" " initrd addr - The address of the initrd image to use, if any.\n" " initrd size - The size of the initrd image to use, if any.\n" " setup - The address of the kernel setup region, if this\n" " is not at addr\n" " cmdline - Environment variable containing the kernel\n" " command line, to override U-Boot's normal\n" " cmdline generation\n" "\n" "Sub-commands to do part of the zboot sequence:\n" "\tstart [addr [arg ...]] - specify arguments\n" "\tload - load OS image\n" "\tsetup - set up table\n" "\tinfo - show summary info\n" "\tgo - start OS\n" "\tdump [addr] - dump info (optional address of boot params)", complete_zboot );