u-boot/doc/README.power-framework

#
# (C) Copyright 2014 Samsung Electronics
# Lukasz Majewski <l.majewski@samsung.com>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier:      GPL-2.0+
#

Introduction
------------

This document describes the second version of the u-boot's PMIC (Power
Management IC) framework. As a reference boards please consider Samsungs' Trats
and Trats2.

Background
----------

Boards supported by u-boot are getting increasingly complex. Developers and
designers strive to cut down power consumption. Hence several different types of
devices are now available on the board - namely power managers (PMIC), fuel
gauges (FG), micro USB interface controllers (MUIC), batteries, multi-function
devices (MFD).

Explanation of key design decisions
-----------------------------------

One package can integrate PMIC and MUIC with different addresses on the I2C bus.
The same device - e.g. MAX8997 uses two different I2C busses and addresses.

Power devices use not only I2C for communication, but SPI as well. Additionally
different ICs use different endianess. For this reason struct pmic holds
information about I2C/SPI transmission, which is used with generic
pmic_req_write() function.

The "flat" hierarchy for power devices works well when each device performs only
one operation - e.g. PMIC enables LDO.

The problem emerges when we have a device (battery) which conceptually shall be
the master and uses methods exported by other devices. We need to control MUIC
to start charging the battery, use PMIC to reduce board's overall power
consumption (by disabling not needed LDOs, BUCKs) and get current state of
energy on the battery from FG.
Up till now u-boot doesn't support device model, so a simple one had to be
added.

The directory hierarchy has following structure:
./include/power/<device_name>_<device_function>.h
e.g. ./include/power/max8997_pmic.h

./drivers/power/pmic/power_{core files}.c
e.g. ./drivers/power/pmic/power_core.c

./drivers/power/pmic/<device_function>/<device_function>_<device_name>.c
e.g. ./drivers/power/pmic/pmic_max8997.c
e.g. ./drivers/power/battery/trats/bat_trats.c
e.g. ./drivers/power/fuel_gauge/fg_max17042.c

The framework classifies devices by their function - separate directories should
be maintained for different classes of devices.

Current design
--------------

Everything is a power device described by struct pmic. Even battery is
considered as a valid power device. This helps for better management of those
devices.

- Block diagram of the hierarchy:
			-----------------
		--------| BAT           |------------
		|       |               |           |
		|       -----------------           |
		|               |                   |
	       \|/             \|/                 \|/
	-----------     -----------------       ---------
	|FG       |     |MUIC           |       |CHRG   |
	|         |     |               |       |       |
	-----------     -----------------       ---------


1. When hierarchy is not needed (no complex battery charge):

Definition of the struct pmic is only required with proper name and parameters
for communication. This is enough to use the "pmic" command in the u-boot
prompt to change values of device's register (enable/disable LDO, BUCK).

The PG, MUIC and CHRG above are regarded to be in the same level in the
hierarchy.

2. Complex battery charging.

To charge a battery, information from several "abstract" power devices is
needed (defined at ./include/power/pmic.h):
- FG device (struct power_fg):
	     -- *fg_battery_check - check if battery is not above its limits
	     -- *fg_battery_update - update the pmic framework with current
				     battery state(voltage and current capacity)

- Charger device (struct power_chrq):
	     -- *chrg_type - type/capacity of the charger (including information
			     about USB cable disconnection)
	     -- *chrg_bat_present - detection if battery to be charged is
				    present
	     -- *chrg_state - status of the charger - if it is enabled or
			      disabled

- Battery device (struct power_battery):
	     -- *battery_init - assign proper callbacks to be used by top
				hierarchy battery device
	     -- *battery_charge - called from "pmic" command, responsible
				  for performing the charging

Now two batteries are supported; trats and trats2 [*]. Those differ in the way
how they handle the exact charging. Trats uses polling (MAX8997) and trats2
relies on the PMIC/MUIC HW completely (MAX77693).

__Example for trats (this can be very different for other board):__
	     -- *fg_battery_check       -> FG device (fg_max17042.c)
	     -- *fg_battery_update      -> FG device (fg_max17042.c)
	     -- *chrg_type              -> MUIC device (muic_max8997.c)
	     -- *chrg_bat_present       -> PMIC device (pmic_max8997.c)
	     -- *chrg_state             -> PMIC device (pmic_max8997.c)
	     -- *battery_init           -> BAT device (bat_trats.c)
	     -- *battery_charge         -> BAT device (bat_trats.c)

Also the struct pmic holds method (*low_power_mode) for reducing board's
power consumption when one calls "pmic BAT_TRATS bat charge" command.

How to add a new power device
-----------------------------

1. Simple device should be added with creation of file
<pmic_function>_<pmic_name>.c, <pmic_name>_<pmic_function>.h  according to the
proposed and described above scheme.

Then "pmic" command supports reading/writing/dump of device's internal
registers.

2. Charging battery with hierarchy
Define devices as listed at 1.

Define battery file (bat_<board>.c). Please also note that one might need a
corresponding battery model description for FG.

For points 1 and 2 use a generic function power_init_board() to initialise the
power framework on your board.

For reference, please look into the trats/trats2 boards.

TO DO list (for PMICv3) - up till v2014.04
------------------------------------------

1. Description of the devices related to power via device tree is not available.
This is the main problem when a developer tries to build a multi-boot u-boot
binary. The best would be to parse the DTS from Linux kernel.

2. To support many instances of the same IC, like two MAX8997, one needs to
copy the corresponding pmic_max8997.c file with changed name to "MAX8997_PMICX",
where X is the device number. This problem will be addressed when extended
pmic_core.c will support storing available devices in a list.

3. Definition of batteries [*] (for trats/trats2) should be excluded from the
code responsible for charging them and since it in fact describes the charging
profile it should be put to a separate file.

4. Adjust the framework to work with the device model.