rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mod.rs
Rabi Guha c2e5534157 Check fn header along with decl when suggesting to implement trait
When checking for functions that are potential candidates for trait
implementations check the function header to make sure modifiers like
asyncness, constness and safety match before triggering the lint.

Fixes #5413, #4290
2020-04-08 21:24:20 +05:30

3526 lines
122 KiB
Rust

mod inefficient_to_string;
mod manual_saturating_arithmetic;
mod option_map_unwrap_or;
mod unnecessary_filter_map;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::fmt;
use std::iter;
use if_chain::if_chain;
use rustc_ast::ast;
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_hir as hir;
use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, Lint, LintContext};
use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Predicate, Ty};
use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol, SymbolStr};
use crate::consts::{constant, Constant};
use crate::utils::usage::mutated_variables;
use crate::utils::{
get_arg_name, get_parent_expr, get_trait_def_id, has_iter_method, implements_trait, in_macro, is_copy,
is_ctor_or_promotable_const_function, is_expn_of, is_type_diagnostic_item, iter_input_pats, last_path_segment,
match_def_path, match_qpath, match_trait_method, match_type, match_var, method_calls, method_chain_args, paths,
remove_blocks, return_ty, same_tys, single_segment_path, snippet, snippet_with_applicability,
snippet_with_macro_callsite, span_lint, span_lint_and_help, span_lint_and_note, span_lint_and_sugg,
span_lint_and_then, sugg, walk_ptrs_ty, walk_ptrs_ty_depth, SpanlessEq,
};
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `.unwrap()` calls on `Option`s.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Usually it is better to handle the `None` case, or to
/// at least call `.expect(_)` with a more helpful message. Still, for a lot of
/// quick-and-dirty code, `unwrap` is a good choice, which is why this lint is
/// `Allow` by default.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// Using unwrap on an `Option`:
///
/// ```rust
/// let opt = Some(1);
/// opt.unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Better:
///
/// ```rust
/// let opt = Some(1);
/// opt.expect("more helpful message");
/// ```
pub OPTION_UNWRAP_USED,
restriction,
"using `Option.unwrap()`, which should at least get a better message using `expect()`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `.unwrap()` calls on `Result`s.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `result.unwrap()` will let the thread panic on `Err`
/// values. Normally, you want to implement more sophisticated error handling,
/// and propagate errors upwards with `?` operator.
///
/// Even if you want to panic on errors, not all `Error`s implement good
/// messages on display. Therefore, it may be beneficial to look at the places
/// where they may get displayed. Activate this lint to do just that.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// Using unwrap on an `Result`:
///
/// ```rust
/// let res: Result<usize, ()> = Ok(1);
/// res.unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Better:
///
/// ```rust
/// let res: Result<usize, ()> = Ok(1);
/// res.expect("more helpful message");
/// ```
pub RESULT_UNWRAP_USED,
restriction,
"using `Result.unwrap()`, which might be better handled"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `.expect()` calls on `Option`s.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Usually it is better to handle the `None` case. Still,
/// for a lot of quick-and-dirty code, `expect` is a good choice, which is why
/// this lint is `Allow` by default.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// Using expect on an `Option`:
///
/// ```rust
/// let opt = Some(1);
/// opt.expect("one");
/// ```
///
/// Better:
///
/// ```rust,ignore
/// let opt = Some(1);
/// opt?;
/// ```
pub OPTION_EXPECT_USED,
restriction,
"using `Option.expect()`, which might be better handled"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `.expect()` calls on `Result`s.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `result.expect()` will let the thread panic on `Err`
/// values. Normally, you want to implement more sophisticated error handling,
/// and propagate errors upwards with `?` operator.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// Using expect on an `Result`:
///
/// ```rust
/// let res: Result<usize, ()> = Ok(1);
/// res.expect("one");
/// ```
///
/// Better:
///
/// ```rust
/// let res: Result<usize, ()> = Ok(1);
/// res?;
/// # Ok::<(), ()>(())
/// ```
pub RESULT_EXPECT_USED,
restriction,
"using `Result.expect()`, which might be better handled"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for methods that should live in a trait
/// implementation of a `std` trait (see [llogiq's blog
/// post](http://llogiq.github.io/2015/07/30/traits.html) for further
/// information) instead of an inherent implementation.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Implementing the traits improve ergonomics for users of
/// the code, often with very little cost. Also people seeing a `mul(...)`
/// method
/// may expect `*` to work equally, so you should have good reason to disappoint
/// them.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// struct X;
/// impl X {
/// fn add(&self, other: &X) -> X {
/// // ..
/// # X
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub SHOULD_IMPLEMENT_TRAIT,
style,
"defining a method that should be implementing a std trait"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for methods with certain name prefixes and which
/// doesn't match how self is taken. The actual rules are:
///
/// |Prefix |`self` taken |
/// |-------|----------------------|
/// |`as_` |`&self` or `&mut self`|
/// |`from_`| none |
/// |`into_`|`self` |
/// |`is_` |`&self` or none |
/// |`to_` |`&self` |
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Consistency breeds readability. If you follow the
/// conventions, your users won't be surprised that they, e.g., need to supply a
/// mutable reference to a `as_..` function.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # struct X;
/// impl X {
/// fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
/// // ..
/// # ""
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub WRONG_SELF_CONVENTION,
style,
"defining a method named with an established prefix (like \"into_\") that takes `self` with the wrong convention"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** This is the same as
/// [`wrong_self_convention`](#wrong_self_convention), but for public items.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** See [`wrong_self_convention`](#wrong_self_convention).
///
/// **Known problems:** Actually *renaming* the function may break clients if
/// the function is part of the public interface. In that case, be mindful of
/// the stability guarantees you've given your users.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # struct X;
/// impl<'a> X {
/// pub fn as_str(self) -> &'a str {
/// "foo"
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub WRONG_PUB_SELF_CONVENTION,
restriction,
"defining a public method named with an established prefix (like \"into_\") that takes `self` with the wrong convention"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `ok().expect(..)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Because you usually call `expect()` on the `Result`
/// directly to get a better error message.
///
/// **Known problems:** The error type needs to implement `Debug`
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let x = Ok::<_, ()>(());
/// x.ok().expect("why did I do this again?")
/// ```
pub OK_EXPECT,
style,
"using `ok().expect()`, which gives worse error messages than calling `expect` directly on the Result"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.map(_).unwrap_or(_)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.map_or(_, _)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** The order of the arguments is not in execution order
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let x = Some(1);
/// x.map(|a| a + 1).unwrap_or(0);
/// ```
pub OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR,
pedantic,
"using `Option.map(f).unwrap_or(a)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `map_or(a, f)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.map(_).unwrap_or_else(_)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.map_or_else(_, _)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** The order of the arguments is not in execution order.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let x = Some(1);
/// # fn some_function() -> usize { 1 }
/// x.map(|a| a + 1).unwrap_or_else(some_function);
/// ```
pub OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE,
pedantic,
"using `Option.map(f).unwrap_or_else(g)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `map_or_else(g, f)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `result.map(_).unwrap_or_else(_)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `result.map_or_else(_, _)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let x: Result<usize, ()> = Ok(1);
/// # fn some_function(foo: ()) -> usize { 1 }
/// x.map(|a| a + 1).unwrap_or_else(some_function);
/// ```
pub RESULT_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE,
pedantic,
"using `Result.map(f).unwrap_or_else(g)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `.map_or_else(g, f)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.map_or(None, _)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.and_then(_)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** The order of the arguments is not in execution order.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let opt = Some(1);
/// opt.map_or(None, |a| Some(a + 1))
/// # ;
/// ```
pub OPTION_MAP_OR_NONE,
style,
"using `Option.map_or(None, f)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `and_then(f)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.and_then(|x| Some(y))`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.map(|x| y)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// let x = Some("foo");
/// let _ = x.and_then(|s| Some(s.len()));
/// ```
///
/// The correct use would be:
///
/// ```rust
/// let x = Some("foo");
/// let _ = x.map(|s| s.len());
/// ```
pub OPTION_AND_THEN_SOME,
complexity,
"using `Option.and_then(|x| Some(y))`, which is more succinctly expressed as `map(|x| y)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.filter(_).next()`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.find(_)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().filter(|x| **x == 0).next();
/// ```
/// Could be written as
/// ```rust
/// # let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().find(|x| **x == 0);
/// ```
pub FILTER_NEXT,
complexity,
"using `filter(p).next()`, which is more succinctly expressed as `.find(p)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.skip_while(condition).next()`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.find(!condition)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().skip_while(|x| **x == 0).next();
/// ```
/// Could be written as
/// ```rust
/// # let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().find(|x| **x != 0);
/// ```
pub SKIP_WHILE_NEXT,
complexity,
"using `skip_while(p).next()`, which is more succinctly expressed as `.find(!p)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.map(_).flatten(_)`,
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as a
/// single method call.
///
/// **Known problems:**
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let vec = vec![vec![1]];
/// vec.iter().map(|x| x.iter()).flatten();
/// ```
pub MAP_FLATTEN,
pedantic,
"using combinations of `flatten` and `map` which can usually be written as a single method call"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.filter(_).map(_)`,
/// `_.filter(_).flat_map(_)`, `_.filter_map(_).flat_map(_)` and similar.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as a
/// single method call.
///
/// **Known problems:** Often requires a condition + Option/Iterator creation
/// inside the closure.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().filter(|x| **x == 0).map(|x| *x * 2);
/// ```
pub FILTER_MAP,
pedantic,
"using combinations of `filter`, `map`, `filter_map` and `flat_map` which can usually be written as a single method call"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.filter_map(_).next()`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as a
/// single method call.
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// (0..3).filter_map(|x| if x == 2 { Some(x) } else { None }).next();
/// ```
/// Can be written as
///
/// ```rust
/// (0..3).find_map(|x| if x == 2 { Some(x) } else { None });
/// ```
pub FILTER_MAP_NEXT,
pedantic,
"using combination of `filter_map` and `next` which can usually be written as a single method call"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `flat_map(|x| x)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely by using `flatten`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let iter = vec![vec![0]].into_iter();
/// iter.flat_map(|x| x);
/// ```
/// Can be written as
/// ```rust
/// # let iter = vec![vec![0]].into_iter();
/// iter.flatten();
/// ```
pub FLAT_MAP_IDENTITY,
complexity,
"call to `flat_map` where `flatten` is sufficient"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.find(_).map(_)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as a
/// single method call.
///
/// **Known problems:** Often requires a condition + Option/Iterator creation
/// inside the closure.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// (0..3).find(|x| *x == 2).map(|x| x * 2);
/// ```
/// Can be written as
/// ```rust
/// (0..3).find_map(|x| if x == 2 { Some(x * 2) } else { None });
/// ```
pub FIND_MAP,
pedantic,
"using a combination of `find` and `map` can usually be written as a single method call"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for an iterator search (such as `find()`,
/// `position()`, or `rposition()`) followed by a call to `is_some()`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.any(_)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().find(|x| **x == 0).is_some();
/// ```
/// Could be written as
/// ```rust
/// # let vec = vec![1];
/// vec.iter().any(|x| *x == 0);
/// ```
pub SEARCH_IS_SOME,
complexity,
"using an iterator search followed by `is_some()`, which is more succinctly expressed as a call to `any()`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.chars().next()` on a `str` to check
/// if it starts with a given char.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.starts_with(_)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let name = "foo";
/// if name.chars().next() == Some('_') {};
/// ```
/// Could be written as
/// ```rust
/// let name = "foo";
/// if name.starts_with('_') {};
/// ```
pub CHARS_NEXT_CMP,
style,
"using `.chars().next()` to check if a string starts with a char"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for calls to `.or(foo(..))`, `.unwrap_or(foo(..))`,
/// etc., and suggests to use `or_else`, `unwrap_or_else`, etc., or
/// `unwrap_or_default` instead.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The function will always be called and potentially
/// allocate an object acting as the default.
///
/// **Known problems:** If the function has side-effects, not calling it will
/// change the semantic of the program, but you shouldn't rely on that anyway.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = Some(String::new());
/// foo.unwrap_or(String::new());
/// ```
/// this can instead be written:
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = Some(String::new());
/// foo.unwrap_or_else(String::new);
/// ```
/// or
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = Some(String::new());
/// foo.unwrap_or_default();
/// ```
pub OR_FUN_CALL,
perf,
"using any `*or` method with a function call, which suggests `*or_else`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for calls to `.expect(&format!(...))`, `.expect(foo(..))`,
/// etc., and suggests to use `unwrap_or_else` instead
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The function will always be called.
///
/// **Known problems:** If the function has side-effects, not calling it will
/// change the semantics of the program, but you shouldn't rely on that anyway.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = Some(String::new());
/// # let err_code = "418";
/// # let err_msg = "I'm a teapot";
/// foo.expect(&format!("Err {}: {}", err_code, err_msg));
/// ```
/// or
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = Some(String::new());
/// # let err_code = "418";
/// # let err_msg = "I'm a teapot";
/// foo.expect(format!("Err {}: {}", err_code, err_msg).as_str());
/// ```
/// this can instead be written:
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = Some(String::new());
/// # let err_code = "418";
/// # let err_msg = "I'm a teapot";
/// foo.unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Err {}: {}", err_code, err_msg));
/// ```
pub EXPECT_FUN_CALL,
perf,
"using any `expect` method with a function call"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.clone()` on a `Copy` type.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The only reason `Copy` types implement `Clone` is for
/// generics, not for using the `clone` method on a concrete type.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// 42u64.clone();
/// ```
pub CLONE_ON_COPY,
complexity,
"using `clone` on a `Copy` type"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.clone()` on a ref-counted pointer,
/// (`Rc`, `Arc`, `rc::Weak`, or `sync::Weak`), and suggests calling Clone via unified
/// function syntax instead (e.g., `Rc::clone(foo)`).
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Calling '.clone()' on an Rc, Arc, or Weak
/// can obscure the fact that only the pointer is being cloned, not the underlying
/// data.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # use std::rc::Rc;
/// let x = Rc::new(1);
/// x.clone();
/// ```
pub CLONE_ON_REF_PTR,
restriction,
"using 'clone' on a ref-counted pointer"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.clone()` on an `&&T`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Cloning an `&&T` copies the inner `&T`, instead of
/// cloning the underlying `T`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// fn main() {
/// let x = vec![1];
/// let y = &&x;
/// let z = y.clone();
/// println!("{:p} {:p}", *y, z); // prints out the same pointer
/// }
/// ```
pub CLONE_DOUBLE_REF,
correctness,
"using `clone` on `&&T`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.to_string()` on an `&&T` where
/// `T` implements `ToString` directly (like `&&str` or `&&String`).
///
/// **Why is this bad?** This bypasses the specialized implementation of
/// `ToString` and instead goes through the more expensive string formatting
/// facilities.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// // Generic implementation for `T: Display` is used (slow)
/// ["foo", "bar"].iter().map(|s| s.to_string());
///
/// // OK, the specialized impl is used
/// ["foo", "bar"].iter().map(|&s| s.to_string());
/// ```
pub INEFFICIENT_TO_STRING,
perf,
"using `to_string` on `&&T` where `T: ToString`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `new` not returning `Self`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** As a convention, `new` methods are used to make a new
/// instance of a type.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # struct Foo;
/// # struct NotAFoo;
/// impl Foo {
/// fn new() -> NotAFoo {
/// # NotAFoo
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub NEW_RET_NO_SELF,
style,
"not returning `Self` in a `new` method"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for string methods that receive a single-character
/// `str` as an argument, e.g., `_.split("x")`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Performing these methods using a `char` is faster than
/// using a `str`.
///
/// **Known problems:** Does not catch multi-byte unicode characters.
///
/// **Example:**
/// `_.split("x")` could be `_.split('x')`
pub SINGLE_CHAR_PATTERN,
perf,
"using a single-character str where a char could be used, e.g., `_.split(\"x\")`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for getting the inner pointer of a temporary
/// `CString`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The inner pointer of a `CString` is only valid as long
/// as the `CString` is alive.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # use std::ffi::CString;
/// # fn call_some_ffi_func(_: *const i8) {}
/// #
/// let c_str = CString::new("foo").unwrap().as_ptr();
/// unsafe {
/// call_some_ffi_func(c_str);
/// }
/// ```
/// Here `c_str` point to a freed address. The correct use would be:
/// ```rust
/// # use std::ffi::CString;
/// # fn call_some_ffi_func(_: *const i8) {}
/// #
/// let c_str = CString::new("foo").unwrap();
/// unsafe {
/// call_some_ffi_func(c_str.as_ptr());
/// }
/// ```
pub TEMPORARY_CSTRING_AS_PTR,
correctness,
"getting the inner pointer of a temporary `CString`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for calling `.step_by(0)` on iterators which panics.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** This very much looks like an oversight. Use `panic!()` instead if you
/// actually intend to panic.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust,should_panic
/// for x in (0..100).step_by(0) {
/// //..
/// }
/// ```
pub ITERATOR_STEP_BY_ZERO,
correctness,
"using `Iterator::step_by(0)`, which will panic at runtime"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for the use of `iter.nth(0)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `iter.next()` is equivalent to
/// `iter.nth(0)`, as they both consume the next element,
/// but is more readable.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// # use std::collections::HashSet;
/// // Bad
/// # let mut s = HashSet::new();
/// # s.insert(1);
/// let x = s.iter().nth(0);
///
/// // Good
/// # let mut s = HashSet::new();
/// # s.insert(1);
/// let x = s.iter().next();
/// ```
pub ITER_NTH_ZERO,
style,
"replace `iter.nth(0)` with `iter.next()`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for use of `.iter().nth()` (and the related
/// `.iter_mut().nth()`) on standard library types with O(1) element access.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `.get()` and `.get_mut()` are more efficient and more
/// readable.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let some_vec = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
/// let bad_vec = some_vec.iter().nth(3);
/// let bad_slice = &some_vec[..].iter().nth(3);
/// ```
/// The correct use would be:
/// ```rust
/// let some_vec = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
/// let bad_vec = some_vec.get(3);
/// let bad_slice = &some_vec[..].get(3);
/// ```
pub ITER_NTH,
perf,
"using `.iter().nth()` on a standard library type with O(1) element access"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for use of `.skip(x).next()` on iterators.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `.nth(x)` is cleaner
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let some_vec = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
/// let bad_vec = some_vec.iter().skip(3).next();
/// let bad_slice = &some_vec[..].iter().skip(3).next();
/// ```
/// The correct use would be:
/// ```rust
/// let some_vec = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
/// let bad_vec = some_vec.iter().nth(3);
/// let bad_slice = &some_vec[..].iter().nth(3);
/// ```
pub ITER_SKIP_NEXT,
style,
"using `.skip(x).next()` on an iterator"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for use of `.get().unwrap()` (or
/// `.get_mut().unwrap`) on a standard library type which implements `Index`
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Using the Index trait (`[]`) is more clear and more
/// concise.
///
/// **Known problems:** Not a replacement for error handling: Using either
/// `.unwrap()` or the Index trait (`[]`) carries the risk of causing a `panic`
/// if the value being accessed is `None`. If the use of `.get().unwrap()` is a
/// temporary placeholder for dealing with the `Option` type, then this does
/// not mitigate the need for error handling. If there is a chance that `.get()`
/// will be `None` in your program, then it is advisable that the `None` case
/// is handled in a future refactor instead of using `.unwrap()` or the Index
/// trait.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let mut some_vec = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
/// let last = some_vec.get(3).unwrap();
/// *some_vec.get_mut(0).unwrap() = 1;
/// ```
/// The correct use would be:
/// ```rust
/// let mut some_vec = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
/// let last = some_vec[3];
/// some_vec[0] = 1;
/// ```
pub GET_UNWRAP,
restriction,
"using `.get().unwrap()` or `.get_mut().unwrap()` when using `[]` would work instead"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for the use of `.extend(s.chars())` where s is a
/// `&str` or `String`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `.push_str(s)` is clearer
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let abc = "abc";
/// let def = String::from("def");
/// let mut s = String::new();
/// s.extend(abc.chars());
/// s.extend(def.chars());
/// ```
/// The correct use would be:
/// ```rust
/// let abc = "abc";
/// let def = String::from("def");
/// let mut s = String::new();
/// s.push_str(abc);
/// s.push_str(&def);
/// ```
pub STRING_EXTEND_CHARS,
style,
"using `x.extend(s.chars())` where s is a `&str` or `String`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for the use of `.cloned().collect()` on slice to
/// create a `Vec`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** `.to_vec()` is clearer
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
/// let s2: Vec<isize> = s[..].iter().cloned().collect();
/// ```
/// The better use would be:
/// ```rust
/// let s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
/// let s2: Vec<isize> = s.to_vec();
/// ```
pub ITER_CLONED_COLLECT,
style,
"using `.cloned().collect()` on slice to create a `Vec`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.chars().last()` or
/// `.chars().next_back()` on a `str` to check if it ends with a given char.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as
/// `_.ends_with(_)`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let name = "_";
/// name.chars().last() == Some('_') || name.chars().next_back() == Some('-')
/// # ;
/// ```
pub CHARS_LAST_CMP,
style,
"using `.chars().last()` or `.chars().next_back()` to check if a string ends with a char"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `.as_ref()` or `.as_mut()` where the
/// types before and after the call are the same.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The call is unnecessary.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # fn do_stuff(x: &[i32]) {}
/// let x: &[i32] = &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
/// do_stuff(x.as_ref());
/// ```
/// The correct use would be:
/// ```rust
/// # fn do_stuff(x: &[i32]) {}
/// let x: &[i32] = &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
/// do_stuff(x);
/// ```
pub USELESS_ASREF,
complexity,
"using `as_ref` where the types before and after the call are the same"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for using `fold` when a more succinct alternative exists.
/// Specifically, this checks for `fold`s which could be replaced by `any`, `all`,
/// `sum` or `product`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability.
///
/// **Known problems:** False positive in pattern guards. Will be resolved once
/// non-lexical lifetimes are stable.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..3).fold(false, |acc, x| acc || x > 2);
/// ```
/// This could be written as:
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..3).any(|x| x > 2);
/// ```
pub UNNECESSARY_FOLD,
style,
"using `fold` when a more succinct alternative exists"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `filter_map` calls which could be replaced by `filter` or `map`.
/// More specifically it checks if the closure provided is only performing one of the
/// filter or map operations and suggests the appropriate option.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Complexity. The intent is also clearer if only a single
/// operation is being performed.
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..3).filter_map(|x| if x > 2 { Some(x) } else { None });
/// ```
/// As there is no transformation of the argument this could be written as:
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..3).filter(|&x| x > 2);
/// ```
///
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..4).filter_map(|x| Some(x + 1));
/// ```
/// As there is no conditional check on the argument this could be written as:
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..4).map(|x| x + 1);
/// ```
pub UNNECESSARY_FILTER_MAP,
complexity,
"using `filter_map` when a more succinct alternative exists"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `into_iter` calls on references which should be replaced by `iter`
/// or `iter_mut`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability. Calling `into_iter` on a reference will not move out its
/// content into the resulting iterator, which is confusing. It is better just call `iter` or
/// `iter_mut` directly.
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (&vec![3, 4, 5]).into_iter();
/// ```
pub INTO_ITER_ON_REF,
style,
"using `.into_iter()` on a reference"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for calls to `map` followed by a `count`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** It looks suspicious. Maybe `map` was confused with `filter`.
/// If the `map` call is intentional, this should be rewritten. Or, if you intend to
/// drive the iterator to completion, you can just use `for_each` instead.
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// let _ = (0..3).map(|x| x + 2).count();
/// ```
pub SUSPICIOUS_MAP,
complexity,
"suspicious usage of map"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init()`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** For most types, this is undefined behavior.
///
/// **Known problems:** For now, we accept empty tuples and tuples / arrays
/// of `MaybeUninit`. There may be other types that allow uninitialized
/// data, but those are not yet rigorously defined.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// // Beware the UB
/// use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
///
/// let _: usize = unsafe { MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
/// ```
///
/// Note that the following is OK:
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
///
/// let _: [MaybeUninit<bool>; 5] = unsafe {
/// MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init()
/// };
/// ```
pub UNINIT_ASSUMED_INIT,
correctness,
"`MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init()`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `.checked_add/sub(x).unwrap_or(MAX/MIN)`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** These can be written simply with `saturating_add/sub` methods.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// # let y: u32 = 0;
/// # let x: u32 = 100;
/// let add = x.checked_add(y).unwrap_or(u32::max_value());
/// let sub = x.checked_sub(y).unwrap_or(u32::min_value());
/// ```
///
/// can be written using dedicated methods for saturating addition/subtraction as:
///
/// ```rust
/// # let y: u32 = 0;
/// # let x: u32 = 100;
/// let add = x.saturating_add(y);
/// let sub = x.saturating_sub(y);
/// ```
pub MANUAL_SATURATING_ARITHMETIC,
style,
"`.chcked_add/sub(x).unwrap_or(MAX/MIN)`"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `offset(_)`, `wrapping_`{`add`, `sub`}, etc. on raw pointers to
/// zero-sized types
///
/// **Why is this bad?** This is a no-op, and likely unintended
///
/// **Known problems:** None
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// unsafe { (&() as *const ()).offset(1) };
/// ```
pub ZST_OFFSET,
correctness,
"Check for offset calculations on raw pointers to zero-sized types"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for `FileType::is_file()`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** When people testing a file type with `FileType::is_file`
/// they are testing whether a path is something they can get bytes from. But
/// `is_file` doesn't cover special file types in unix-like systems, and doesn't cover
/// symlink in windows. Using `!FileType::is_dir()` is a better way to that intention.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// # || {
/// let metadata = std::fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
/// let filetype = metadata.file_type();
///
/// if filetype.is_file() {
/// // read file
/// }
/// # Ok::<_, std::io::Error>(())
/// # };
/// ```
///
/// should be written as:
///
/// ```rust
/// # || {
/// let metadata = std::fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
/// let filetype = metadata.file_type();
///
/// if !filetype.is_dir() {
/// // read file
/// }
/// # Ok::<_, std::io::Error>(())
/// # };
/// ```
pub FILETYPE_IS_FILE,
restriction,
"`FileType::is_file` is not recommended to test for readable file type"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// **What it does:** Checks for usage of `_.as_ref().map(Deref::deref)` or it's aliases (such as String::as_str).
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Readability, this can be written more concisely as a
/// single method call.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// # let opt = Some("".to_string());
/// opt.as_ref().map(String::as_str)
/// # ;
/// ```
/// Can be written as
/// ```rust
/// # let opt = Some("".to_string());
/// opt.as_deref()
/// # ;
/// ```
pub OPTION_AS_REF_DEREF,
complexity,
"using `as_ref().map(Deref::deref)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `as_deref()`"
}
declare_lint_pass!(Methods => [
OPTION_UNWRAP_USED,
RESULT_UNWRAP_USED,
OPTION_EXPECT_USED,
RESULT_EXPECT_USED,
SHOULD_IMPLEMENT_TRAIT,
WRONG_SELF_CONVENTION,
WRONG_PUB_SELF_CONVENTION,
OK_EXPECT,
OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR,
OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE,
RESULT_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE,
OPTION_MAP_OR_NONE,
OPTION_AND_THEN_SOME,
OR_FUN_CALL,
EXPECT_FUN_CALL,
CHARS_NEXT_CMP,
CHARS_LAST_CMP,
CLONE_ON_COPY,
CLONE_ON_REF_PTR,
CLONE_DOUBLE_REF,
INEFFICIENT_TO_STRING,
NEW_RET_NO_SELF,
SINGLE_CHAR_PATTERN,
SEARCH_IS_SOME,
TEMPORARY_CSTRING_AS_PTR,
FILTER_NEXT,
SKIP_WHILE_NEXT,
FILTER_MAP,
FILTER_MAP_NEXT,
FLAT_MAP_IDENTITY,
FIND_MAP,
MAP_FLATTEN,
ITERATOR_STEP_BY_ZERO,
ITER_NTH,
ITER_NTH_ZERO,
ITER_SKIP_NEXT,
GET_UNWRAP,
STRING_EXTEND_CHARS,
ITER_CLONED_COLLECT,
USELESS_ASREF,
UNNECESSARY_FOLD,
UNNECESSARY_FILTER_MAP,
INTO_ITER_ON_REF,
SUSPICIOUS_MAP,
UNINIT_ASSUMED_INIT,
MANUAL_SATURATING_ARITHMETIC,
ZST_OFFSET,
FILETYPE_IS_FILE,
OPTION_AS_REF_DEREF,
]);
impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for Methods {
#[allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity, clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>) {
if in_macro(expr.span) {
return;
}
let (method_names, arg_lists, method_spans) = method_calls(expr, 2);
let method_names: Vec<SymbolStr> = method_names.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
let method_names: Vec<&str> = method_names.iter().map(|s| &**s).collect();
match method_names.as_slice() {
["unwrap", "get"] => lint_get_unwrap(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], false),
["unwrap", "get_mut"] => lint_get_unwrap(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], true),
["unwrap", ..] => lint_unwrap(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["expect", "ok"] => lint_ok_expect(cx, expr, arg_lists[1]),
["expect", ..] => lint_expect(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["unwrap_or", "map"] => option_map_unwrap_or::lint(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0], method_spans[1]),
["unwrap_or_else", "map"] => lint_map_unwrap_or_else(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0]),
["map_or", ..] => lint_map_or_none(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["and_then", ..] => lint_option_and_then_some(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["next", "filter"] => lint_filter_next(cx, expr, arg_lists[1]),
["next", "skip_while"] => lint_skip_while_next(cx, expr, arg_lists[1]),
["map", "filter"] => lint_filter_map(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0]),
["map", "filter_map"] => lint_filter_map_map(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0]),
["next", "filter_map"] => lint_filter_map_next(cx, expr, arg_lists[1]),
["map", "find"] => lint_find_map(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0]),
["flat_map", "filter"] => lint_filter_flat_map(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0]),
["flat_map", "filter_map"] => lint_filter_map_flat_map(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0]),
["flat_map", ..] => lint_flat_map_identity(cx, expr, arg_lists[0], method_spans[0]),
["flatten", "map"] => lint_map_flatten(cx, expr, arg_lists[1]),
["is_some", "find"] => lint_search_is_some(cx, expr, "find", arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0], method_spans[1]),
["is_some", "position"] => {
lint_search_is_some(cx, expr, "position", arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0], method_spans[1])
},
["is_some", "rposition"] => {
lint_search_is_some(cx, expr, "rposition", arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0], method_spans[1])
},
["extend", ..] => lint_extend(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["as_ptr", "unwrap"] | ["as_ptr", "expect"] => {
lint_cstring_as_ptr(cx, expr, &arg_lists[1][0], &arg_lists[0][0])
},
["nth", "iter"] => lint_iter_nth(cx, expr, &arg_lists, false),
["nth", "iter_mut"] => lint_iter_nth(cx, expr, &arg_lists, true),
["nth", ..] => lint_iter_nth_zero(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["step_by", ..] => lint_step_by(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["next", "skip"] => lint_iter_skip_next(cx, expr),
["collect", "cloned"] => lint_iter_cloned_collect(cx, expr, arg_lists[1]),
["as_ref"] => lint_asref(cx, expr, "as_ref", arg_lists[0]),
["as_mut"] => lint_asref(cx, expr, "as_mut", arg_lists[0]),
["fold", ..] => lint_unnecessary_fold(cx, expr, arg_lists[0], method_spans[0]),
["filter_map", ..] => unnecessary_filter_map::lint(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["count", "map"] => lint_suspicious_map(cx, expr),
["assume_init"] => lint_maybe_uninit(cx, &arg_lists[0][0], expr),
["unwrap_or", arith @ "checked_add"]
| ["unwrap_or", arith @ "checked_sub"]
| ["unwrap_or", arith @ "checked_mul"] => {
manual_saturating_arithmetic::lint(cx, expr, &arg_lists, &arith["checked_".len()..])
},
["add"] | ["offset"] | ["sub"] | ["wrapping_offset"] | ["wrapping_add"] | ["wrapping_sub"] => {
check_pointer_offset(cx, expr, arg_lists[0])
},
["is_file", ..] => lint_filetype_is_file(cx, expr, arg_lists[0]),
["map", "as_ref"] => lint_option_as_ref_deref(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0], false),
["map", "as_mut"] => lint_option_as_ref_deref(cx, expr, arg_lists[1], arg_lists[0], true),
_ => {},
}
match expr.kind {
hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(ref method_call, ref method_span, ref args) => {
lint_or_fun_call(cx, expr, *method_span, &method_call.ident.as_str(), args);
lint_expect_fun_call(cx, expr, *method_span, &method_call.ident.as_str(), args);
let self_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(&args[0]);
if args.len() == 1 && method_call.ident.name == sym!(clone) {
lint_clone_on_copy(cx, expr, &args[0], self_ty);
lint_clone_on_ref_ptr(cx, expr, &args[0]);
}
if args.len() == 1 && method_call.ident.name == sym!(to_string) {
inefficient_to_string::lint(cx, expr, &args[0], self_ty);
}
match self_ty.kind {
ty::Ref(_, ty, _) if ty.kind == ty::Str => {
for &(method, pos) in &PATTERN_METHODS {
if method_call.ident.name.as_str() == method && args.len() > pos {
lint_single_char_pattern(cx, expr, &args[pos]);
}
}
},
ty::Ref(..) if method_call.ident.name == sym!(into_iter) => {
lint_into_iter(cx, expr, self_ty, *method_span);
},
_ => (),
}
},
hir::ExprKind::Binary(op, ref lhs, ref rhs)
if op.node == hir::BinOpKind::Eq || op.node == hir::BinOpKind::Ne =>
{
let mut info = BinaryExprInfo {
expr,
chain: lhs,
other: rhs,
eq: op.node == hir::BinOpKind::Eq,
};
lint_binary_expr_with_method_call(cx, &mut info);
}
_ => (),
}
}
fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, impl_item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'_>) {
if in_external_macro(cx.sess(), impl_item.span) {
return;
}
let name = impl_item.ident.name.as_str();
let parent = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id);
let item = cx.tcx.hir().expect_item(parent);
let def_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id(item.hir_id);
let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id);
if_chain! {
if let hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, id) = impl_item.kind;
if let Some(first_arg) = iter_input_pats(&sig.decl, cx.tcx.hir().body(id)).next();
if let hir::ItemKind::Impl{ of_trait: None, .. } = item.kind;
let method_def_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id(impl_item.hir_id);
let method_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(method_def_id);
let method_sig = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(&method_sig);
let first_arg_ty = &method_sig.inputs().iter().next();
// check conventions w.r.t. conversion method names and predicates
if let Some(first_arg_ty) = first_arg_ty;
then {
if cx.access_levels.is_exported(impl_item.hir_id) {
// check missing trait implementations
for &(method_name, n_args, fn_header, self_kind, out_type, trait_name) in &TRAIT_METHODS {
if name == method_name &&
sig.decl.inputs.len() == n_args &&
out_type.matches(cx, &sig.decl.output) &&
self_kind.matches(cx, self_ty, first_arg_ty) &&
fn_header_equals(*fn_header, sig.header) {
span_lint(cx, SHOULD_IMPLEMENT_TRAIT, impl_item.span, &format!(
"defining a method called `{}` on this type; consider implementing \
the `{}` trait or choosing a less ambiguous name", name, trait_name));
}
}
}
if let Some((ref conv, self_kinds)) = &CONVENTIONS
.iter()
.find(|(ref conv, _)| conv.check(&name))
{
if !self_kinds.iter().any(|k| k.matches(cx, self_ty, first_arg_ty)) {
let lint = if item.vis.node.is_pub() {
WRONG_PUB_SELF_CONVENTION
} else {
WRONG_SELF_CONVENTION
};
span_lint(
cx,
lint,
first_arg.pat.span,
&format!(
"methods called `{}` usually take {}; consider choosing a less \
ambiguous name",
conv,
&self_kinds
.iter()
.map(|k| k.description())
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(" or ")
),
);
}
}
}
}
if let hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(_, _) = impl_item.kind {
let ret_ty = return_ty(cx, impl_item.hir_id);
let contains_self_ty = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| {
ty.walk().any(|inner| match inner.unpack() {
GenericArgKind::Type(inner_ty) => same_tys(cx, self_ty, inner_ty),
GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) | GenericArgKind::Const(_) => false,
})
};
// walk the return type and check for Self (this does not check associated types)
if contains_self_ty(ret_ty) {
return;
}
// if return type is impl trait, check the associated types
if let ty::Opaque(def_id, _) = ret_ty.kind {
// one of the associated types must be Self
for predicate in cx.tcx.predicates_of(def_id).predicates {
match predicate {
(Predicate::Projection(poly_projection_predicate), _) => {
let binder = poly_projection_predicate.ty();
let associated_type = binder.skip_binder();
// walk the associated type and check for Self
if contains_self_ty(associated_type) {
return;
}
},
(_, _) => {},
}
}
}
if name == "new" && !same_tys(cx, ret_ty, self_ty) {
span_lint(
cx,
NEW_RET_NO_SELF,
impl_item.span,
"methods called `new` usually return `Self`",
);
}
}
}
}
/// Checks for the `OR_FUN_CALL` lint.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn lint_or_fun_call<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
method_span: Span,
name: &str,
args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// Searches an expression for method calls or function calls that aren't ctors
struct FunCallFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
cx: &'a LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
found: bool,
}
impl<'a, 'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for FunCallFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
type Map = Map<'tcx>;
fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>) {
let call_found = match &expr.kind {
// ignore enum and struct constructors
hir::ExprKind::Call(..) => !is_ctor_or_promotable_const_function(self.cx, expr),
hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => true,
_ => false,
};
if call_found {
self.found |= true;
}
if !self.found {
intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
}
}
fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> intravisit::NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
intravisit::NestedVisitorMap::None
}
}
/// Checks for `unwrap_or(T::new())` or `unwrap_or(T::default())`.
fn check_unwrap_or_default(
cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>,
name: &str,
fun: &hir::Expr<'_>,
self_expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
arg: &hir::Expr<'_>,
or_has_args: bool,
span: Span,
) -> bool {
if_chain! {
if !or_has_args;
if name == "unwrap_or";
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = fun.kind;
let path = &*last_path_segment(qpath).ident.as_str();
if ["default", "new"].contains(&path);
let arg_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(arg);
if let Some(default_trait_id) = get_trait_def_id(cx, &paths::DEFAULT_TRAIT);
if implements_trait(cx, arg_ty, default_trait_id, &[]);
then {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
OR_FUN_CALL,
span,
&format!("use of `{}` followed by a call to `{}`", name, path),
"try this",
format!(
"{}.unwrap_or_default()",
snippet_with_applicability(cx, self_expr.span, "_", &mut applicability)
),
applicability,
);
true
} else {
false
}
}
}
/// Checks for `*or(foo())`.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn check_general_case<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
name: &str,
method_span: Span,
fun_span: Span,
self_expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
arg: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
or_has_args: bool,
span: Span,
) {
// (path, fn_has_argument, methods, suffix)
let know_types: &[(&[_], _, &[_], _)] = &[
(&paths::BTREEMAP_ENTRY, false, &["or_insert"], "with"),
(&paths::HASHMAP_ENTRY, false, &["or_insert"], "with"),
(&paths::OPTION, false, &["map_or", "ok_or", "or", "unwrap_or"], "else"),
(&paths::RESULT, true, &["or", "unwrap_or"], "else"),
];
if_chain! {
if know_types.iter().any(|k| k.2.contains(&name));
let mut finder = FunCallFinder { cx: &cx, found: false };
if { finder.visit_expr(&arg); finder.found };
if !contains_return(&arg);
let self_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(self_expr);
if let Some(&(_, fn_has_arguments, poss, suffix)) =
know_types.iter().find(|&&i| match_type(cx, self_ty, i.0));
if poss.contains(&name);
then {
let sugg: Cow<'_, _> = match (fn_has_arguments, !or_has_args) {
(true, _) => format!("|_| {}", snippet_with_macro_callsite(cx, arg.span, "..")).into(),
(false, false) => format!("|| {}", snippet_with_macro_callsite(cx, arg.span, "..")).into(),
(false, true) => snippet_with_macro_callsite(cx, fun_span, ".."),
};
let span_replace_word = method_span.with_hi(span.hi());
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
OR_FUN_CALL,
span_replace_word,
&format!("use of `{}` followed by a function call", name),
"try this",
format!("{}_{}({})", name, suffix, sugg),
Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
);
}
}
}
if args.len() == 2 {
match args[1].kind {
hir::ExprKind::Call(ref fun, ref or_args) => {
let or_has_args = !or_args.is_empty();
if !check_unwrap_or_default(cx, name, fun, &args[0], &args[1], or_has_args, expr.span) {
check_general_case(
cx,
name,
method_span,
fun.span,
&args[0],
&args[1],
or_has_args,
expr.span,
);
}
},
hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(_, span, ref or_args) => check_general_case(
cx,
name,
method_span,
span,
&args[0],
&args[1],
!or_args.is_empty(),
expr.span,
),
_ => {},
}
}
}
/// Checks for the `EXPECT_FUN_CALL` lint.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn lint_expect_fun_call(
cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
method_span: Span,
name: &str,
args: &[hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// Strip `&`, `as_ref()` and `as_str()` off `arg` until we're left with either a `String` or
// `&str`
fn get_arg_root<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, arg: &'a hir::Expr<'a>) -> &'a hir::Expr<'a> {
let mut arg_root = arg;
loop {
arg_root = match &arg_root.kind {
hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(hir::BorrowKind::Ref, _, expr) => expr,
hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(method_name, _, call_args) => {
if call_args.len() == 1
&& (method_name.ident.name == sym!(as_str) || method_name.ident.name == sym!(as_ref))
&& {
let arg_type = cx.tables.expr_ty(&call_args[0]);
let base_type = walk_ptrs_ty(arg_type);
base_type.kind == ty::Str || match_type(cx, base_type, &paths::STRING)
}
{
&call_args[0]
} else {
break;
}
},
_ => break,
};
}
arg_root
}
// Only `&'static str` or `String` can be used directly in the `panic!`. Other types should be
// converted to string.
fn requires_to_string(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, arg: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> bool {
let arg_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(arg);
if match_type(cx, arg_ty, &paths::STRING) {
return false;
}
if let ty::Ref(_, ty, ..) = arg_ty.kind {
if ty.kind == ty::Str && can_be_static_str(cx, arg) {
return false;
}
};
true
}
// Check if an expression could have type `&'static str`, knowing that it
// has type `&str` for some lifetime.
fn can_be_static_str(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, arg: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> bool {
match arg.kind {
hir::ExprKind::Lit(_) => true,
hir::ExprKind::Call(fun, _) => {
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref p) = fun.kind {
match cx.tables.qpath_res(p, fun.hir_id) {
hir::def::Res::Def(hir::def::DefKind::Fn, def_id)
| hir::def::Res::Def(hir::def::DefKind::AssocFn, def_id) => matches!(
cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).output().skip_binder().kind,
ty::Ref(ty::ReStatic, ..)
),
_ => false,
}
} else {
false
}
},
hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => cx.tables.type_dependent_def_id(arg.hir_id).map_or(false, |method_id| {
matches!(
cx.tcx.fn_sig(method_id).output().skip_binder().kind,
ty::Ref(ty::ReStatic, ..)
)
}),
hir::ExprKind::Path(ref p) => match cx.tables.qpath_res(p, arg.hir_id) {
hir::def::Res::Def(hir::def::DefKind::Const | hir::def::DefKind::Static, _) => true,
_ => false,
},
_ => false,
}
}
fn generate_format_arg_snippet(
cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>,
a: &hir::Expr<'_>,
applicability: &mut Applicability,
) -> Vec<String> {
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(hir::BorrowKind::Ref, _, ref format_arg) = a.kind;
if let hir::ExprKind::Match(ref format_arg_expr, _, _) = format_arg.kind;
if let hir::ExprKind::Tup(ref format_arg_expr_tup) = format_arg_expr.kind;
then {
format_arg_expr_tup
.iter()
.map(|a| snippet_with_applicability(cx, a.span, "..", applicability).into_owned())
.collect()
} else {
unreachable!()
}
}
}
fn is_call(node: &hir::ExprKind<'_>) -> bool {
match node {
hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(hir::BorrowKind::Ref, _, expr) => {
is_call(&expr.kind)
},
hir::ExprKind::Call(..)
| hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..)
// These variants are debatable or require further examination
| hir::ExprKind::Match(..)
| hir::ExprKind::Block{ .. } => true,
_ => false,
}
}
if args.len() != 2 || name != "expect" || !is_call(&args[1].kind) {
return;
}
let receiver_type = cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(&args[0]);
let closure_args = if match_type(cx, receiver_type, &paths::OPTION) {
"||"
} else if match_type(cx, receiver_type, &paths::RESULT) {
"|_|"
} else {
return;
};
let arg_root = get_arg_root(cx, &args[1]);
let span_replace_word = method_span.with_hi(expr.span.hi());
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
//Special handling for `format!` as arg_root
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::Block(block, None) = &arg_root.kind;
if block.stmts.len() == 1;
if let hir::StmtKind::Local(local) = &block.stmts[0].kind;
if let Some(arg_root) = &local.init;
if let hir::ExprKind::Call(ref inner_fun, ref inner_args) = arg_root.kind;
if is_expn_of(inner_fun.span, "format").is_some() && inner_args.len() == 1;
if let hir::ExprKind::Call(_, format_args) = &inner_args[0].kind;
then {
let fmt_spec = &format_args[0];
let fmt_args = &format_args[1];
let mut args = vec![snippet(cx, fmt_spec.span, "..").into_owned()];
args.extend(generate_format_arg_snippet(cx, fmt_args, &mut applicability));
let sugg = args.join(", ");
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
EXPECT_FUN_CALL,
span_replace_word,
&format!("use of `{}` followed by a function call", name),
"try this",
format!("unwrap_or_else({} panic!({}))", closure_args, sugg),
applicability,
);
return;
}
}
let mut arg_root_snippet: Cow<'_, _> = snippet_with_applicability(cx, arg_root.span, "..", &mut applicability);
if requires_to_string(cx, arg_root) {
arg_root_snippet.to_mut().push_str(".to_string()");
}
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
EXPECT_FUN_CALL,
span_replace_word,
&format!("use of `{}` followed by a function call", name),
"try this",
format!("unwrap_or_else({} {{ panic!({}) }})", closure_args, arg_root_snippet),
applicability,
);
}
/// Checks for the `CLONE_ON_COPY` lint.
fn lint_clone_on_copy(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, arg: &hir::Expr<'_>, arg_ty: Ty<'_>) {
let ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(expr);
if let ty::Ref(_, inner, _) = arg_ty.kind {
if let ty::Ref(_, innermost, _) = inner.kind {
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
CLONE_DOUBLE_REF,
expr.span,
"using `clone` on a double-reference; \
this will copy the reference instead of cloning the inner type",
|db| {
if let Some(snip) = sugg::Sugg::hir_opt(cx, arg) {
let mut ty = innermost;
let mut n = 0;
while let ty::Ref(_, inner, _) = ty.kind {
ty = inner;
n += 1;
}
let refs: String = iter::repeat('&').take(n + 1).collect();
let derefs: String = iter::repeat('*').take(n).collect();
let explicit = format!("{}{}::clone({})", refs, ty, snip);
db.span_suggestion(
expr.span,
"try dereferencing it",
format!("{}({}{}).clone()", refs, derefs, snip.deref()),
Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
);
db.span_suggestion(
expr.span,
"or try being explicit about what type to clone",
explicit,
Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
);
}
},
);
return; // don't report clone_on_copy
}
}
if is_copy(cx, ty) {
let snip;
if let Some(snippet) = sugg::Sugg::hir_opt(cx, arg) {
let parent = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(expr.hir_id);
match &cx.tcx.hir().get(parent) {
hir::Node::Expr(parent) => match parent.kind {
// &*x is a nop, &x.clone() is not
hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(..) |
// (*x).func() is useless, x.clone().func() can work in case func borrows mutably
hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => return,
_ => {},
},
hir::Node::Stmt(stmt) => {
if let hir::StmtKind::Local(ref loc) = stmt.kind {
if let hir::PatKind::Ref(..) = loc.pat.kind {
// let ref y = *x borrows x, let ref y = x.clone() does not
return;
}
}
},
_ => {},
}
// x.clone() might have dereferenced x, possibly through Deref impls
if cx.tables.expr_ty(arg) == ty {
snip = Some(("try removing the `clone` call", format!("{}", snippet)));
} else {
let deref_count = cx
.tables
.expr_adjustments(arg)
.iter()
.filter(|adj| {
if let ty::adjustment::Adjust::Deref(_) = adj.kind {
true
} else {
false
}
})
.count();
let derefs: String = iter::repeat('*').take(deref_count).collect();
snip = Some(("try dereferencing it", format!("{}{}", derefs, snippet)));
}
} else {
snip = None;
}
span_lint_and_then(cx, CLONE_ON_COPY, expr.span, "using `clone` on a `Copy` type", |db| {
if let Some((text, snip)) = snip {
db.span_suggestion(expr.span, text, snip, Applicability::Unspecified);
}
});
}
}
fn lint_clone_on_ref_ptr(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, arg: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
let obj_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(arg));
if let ty::Adt(_, subst) = obj_ty.kind {
let caller_type = if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::RC) {
"Rc"
} else if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::ARC) {
"Arc"
} else if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::WEAK_RC) || match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::WEAK_ARC) {
"Weak"
} else {
return;
};
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
CLONE_ON_REF_PTR,
expr.span,
"using `.clone()` on a ref-counted pointer",
"try this",
format!(
"{}::<{}>::clone(&{})",
caller_type,
subst.type_at(0),
snippet(cx, arg.span, "_")
),
Applicability::Unspecified, // Sometimes unnecessary ::<_> after Rc/Arc/Weak
);
}
}
fn lint_string_extend(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
let arg = &args[1];
if let Some(arglists) = method_chain_args(arg, &["chars"]) {
let target = &arglists[0][0];
let self_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(target));
let ref_str = if self_ty.kind == ty::Str {
""
} else if match_type(cx, self_ty, &paths::STRING) {
"&"
} else {
return;
};
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
STRING_EXTEND_CHARS,
expr.span,
"calling `.extend(_.chars())`",
"try this",
format!(
"{}.push_str({}{})",
snippet_with_applicability(cx, args[0].span, "_", &mut applicability),
ref_str,
snippet_with_applicability(cx, target.span, "_", &mut applicability)
),
applicability,
);
}
}
fn lint_extend(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
let obj_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(&args[0]));
if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::STRING) {
lint_string_extend(cx, expr, args);
}
}
fn lint_cstring_as_ptr(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, source: &hir::Expr<'_>, unwrap: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
if_chain! {
let source_type = cx.tables.expr_ty(source);
if let ty::Adt(def, substs) = source_type.kind;
if match_def_path(cx, def.did, &paths::RESULT);
if match_type(cx, substs.type_at(0), &paths::CSTRING);
then {
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
TEMPORARY_CSTRING_AS_PTR,
expr.span,
"you are getting the inner pointer of a temporary `CString`",
|db| {
db.note("that pointer will be invalid outside this expression");
db.span_help(unwrap.span, "assign the `CString` to a variable to extend its lifetime");
});
}
}
}
fn lint_iter_cloned_collect<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
iter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
if_chain! {
if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(expr), Symbol::intern("vec_type"));
if let Some(slice) = derefs_to_slice(cx, &iter_args[0], cx.tables.expr_ty(&iter_args[0]));
if let Some(to_replace) = expr.span.trim_start(slice.span.source_callsite());
then {
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
ITER_CLONED_COLLECT,
to_replace,
"called `iter().cloned().collect()` on a slice to create a `Vec`. Calling `to_vec()` is both faster and \
more readable",
"try",
".to_vec()".to_string(),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
}
fn lint_unnecessary_fold(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, fold_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>], fold_span: Span) {
fn check_fold_with_op(
cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
fold_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>],
fold_span: Span,
op: hir::BinOpKind,
replacement_method_name: &str,
replacement_has_args: bool,
) {
if_chain! {
// Extract the body of the closure passed to fold
if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(_, _, body_id, _, _) = fold_args[2].kind;
let closure_body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
let closure_expr = remove_blocks(&closure_body.value);
// Check if the closure body is of the form `acc <op> some_expr(x)`
if let hir::ExprKind::Binary(ref bin_op, ref left_expr, ref right_expr) = closure_expr.kind;
if bin_op.node == op;
// Extract the names of the two arguments to the closure
if let Some(first_arg_ident) = get_arg_name(&closure_body.params[0].pat);
if let Some(second_arg_ident) = get_arg_name(&closure_body.params[1].pat);
if match_var(&*left_expr, first_arg_ident);
if replacement_has_args || match_var(&*right_expr, second_arg_ident);
then {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
let sugg = if replacement_has_args {
format!(
"{replacement}(|{s}| {r})",
replacement = replacement_method_name,
s = second_arg_ident,
r = snippet_with_applicability(cx, right_expr.span, "EXPR", &mut applicability),
)
} else {
format!(
"{replacement}()",
replacement = replacement_method_name,
)
};
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
UNNECESSARY_FOLD,
fold_span.with_hi(expr.span.hi()),
// TODO #2371 don't suggest e.g., .any(|x| f(x)) if we can suggest .any(f)
"this `.fold` can be written more succinctly using another method",
"try",
sugg,
applicability,
);
}
}
}
// Check that this is a call to Iterator::fold rather than just some function called fold
if !match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
return;
}
assert!(
fold_args.len() == 3,
"Expected fold_args to have three entries - the receiver, the initial value and the closure"
);
// Check if the first argument to .fold is a suitable literal
if let hir::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) = fold_args[1].kind {
match lit.node {
ast::LitKind::Bool(false) => {
check_fold_with_op(cx, expr, fold_args, fold_span, hir::BinOpKind::Or, "any", true)
},
ast::LitKind::Bool(true) => {
check_fold_with_op(cx, expr, fold_args, fold_span, hir::BinOpKind::And, "all", true)
},
ast::LitKind::Int(0, _) => {
check_fold_with_op(cx, expr, fold_args, fold_span, hir::BinOpKind::Add, "sum", false)
},
ast::LitKind::Int(1, _) => {
check_fold_with_op(cx, expr, fold_args, fold_span, hir::BinOpKind::Mul, "product", false)
},
_ => (),
}
}
}
fn lint_step_by<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>]) {
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
if let Some((Constant::Int(0), _)) = constant(cx, cx.tables, &args[1]) {
span_lint(
cx,
ITERATOR_STEP_BY_ZERO,
expr.span,
"Iterator::step_by(0) will panic at runtime",
);
}
}
}
fn lint_iter_nth<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
nth_and_iter_args: &[&'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>]],
is_mut: bool,
) {
let iter_args = nth_and_iter_args[1];
let mut_str = if is_mut { "_mut" } else { "" };
let caller_type = if derefs_to_slice(cx, &iter_args[0], cx.tables.expr_ty(&iter_args[0])).is_some() {
"slice"
} else if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&iter_args[0]), Symbol::intern("vec_type")) {
"Vec"
} else if match_type(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&iter_args[0]), &paths::VEC_DEQUE) {
"VecDeque"
} else {
let nth_args = nth_and_iter_args[0];
lint_iter_nth_zero(cx, expr, &nth_args);
return; // caller is not a type that we want to lint
};
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
ITER_NTH,
expr.span,
&format!("called `.iter{0}().nth()` on a {1}", mut_str, caller_type),
&format!("calling `.get{}()` is both faster and more readable", mut_str),
);
}
fn lint_iter_nth_zero<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, nth_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>]) {
if_chain! {
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR);
if let Some((Constant::Int(0), _)) = constant(cx, cx.tables, &nth_args[1]);
then {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
ITER_NTH_ZERO,
expr.span,
"called `.nth(0)` on a `std::iter::Iterator`",
"try calling",
format!("{}.next()", snippet_with_applicability(cx, nth_args[0].span, "..", &mut applicability)),
applicability,
);
}
}
}
fn lint_get_unwrap<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
get_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
is_mut: bool,
) {
// Note: we don't want to lint `get_mut().unwrap` for `HashMap` or `BTreeMap`,
// because they do not implement `IndexMut`
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
let expr_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(&get_args[0]);
let get_args_str = if get_args.len() > 1 {
snippet_with_applicability(cx, get_args[1].span, "_", &mut applicability)
} else {
return; // not linting on a .get().unwrap() chain or variant
};
let mut needs_ref;
let caller_type = if derefs_to_slice(cx, &get_args[0], expr_ty).is_some() {
needs_ref = get_args_str.parse::<usize>().is_ok();
"slice"
} else if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, expr_ty, Symbol::intern("vec_type")) {
needs_ref = get_args_str.parse::<usize>().is_ok();
"Vec"
} else if match_type(cx, expr_ty, &paths::VEC_DEQUE) {
needs_ref = get_args_str.parse::<usize>().is_ok();
"VecDeque"
} else if !is_mut && match_type(cx, expr_ty, &paths::HASHMAP) {
needs_ref = true;
"HashMap"
} else if !is_mut && match_type(cx, expr_ty, &paths::BTREEMAP) {
needs_ref = true;
"BTreeMap"
} else {
return; // caller is not a type that we want to lint
};
let mut span = expr.span;
// Handle the case where the result is immediately dereferenced
// by not requiring ref and pulling the dereference into the
// suggestion.
if_chain! {
if needs_ref;
if let Some(parent) = get_parent_expr(cx, expr);
if let hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnOp::UnDeref, _) = parent.kind;
then {
needs_ref = false;
span = parent.span;
}
}
let mut_str = if is_mut { "_mut" } else { "" };
let borrow_str = if !needs_ref {
""
} else if is_mut {
"&mut "
} else {
"&"
};
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
GET_UNWRAP,
span,
&format!(
"called `.get{0}().unwrap()` on a {1}. Using `[]` is more clear and more concise",
mut_str, caller_type
),
"try this",
format!(
"{}{}[{}]",
borrow_str,
snippet_with_applicability(cx, get_args[0].span, "_", &mut applicability),
get_args_str
),
applicability,
);
}
fn lint_iter_skip_next(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
// lint if caller of skip is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
ITER_SKIP_NEXT,
expr.span,
"called `skip(x).next()` on an iterator",
"this is more succinctly expressed by calling `nth(x)`",
);
}
}
fn derefs_to_slice<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
ty: Ty<'tcx>,
) -> Option<&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>> {
fn may_slice<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'_, 'a>, ty: Ty<'a>) -> bool {
match ty.kind {
ty::Slice(_) => true,
ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_box() => may_slice(cx, ty.boxed_ty()),
ty::Adt(..) => is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, Symbol::intern("vec_type")),
ty::Array(_, size) => {
if let Some(size) = size.try_eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env) {
size < 32
} else {
false
}
},
ty::Ref(_, inner, _) => may_slice(cx, inner),
_ => false,
}
}
if let hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(ref path, _, ref args) = expr.kind {
if path.ident.name == sym!(iter) && may_slice(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&args[0])) {
Some(&args[0])
} else {
None
}
} else {
match ty.kind {
ty::Slice(_) => Some(expr),
ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_box() && may_slice(cx, ty.boxed_ty()) => Some(expr),
ty::Ref(_, inner, _) => {
if may_slice(cx, inner) {
Some(expr)
} else {
None
}
},
_ => None,
}
}
}
/// lint use of `unwrap()` for `Option`s and `Result`s
fn lint_unwrap(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, unwrap_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
let obj_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(&unwrap_args[0]));
let mess = if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::OPTION) {
Some((OPTION_UNWRAP_USED, "an Option", "None"))
} else if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::RESULT) {
Some((RESULT_UNWRAP_USED, "a Result", "Err"))
} else {
None
};
if let Some((lint, kind, none_value)) = mess {
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
lint,
expr.span,
&format!("used `unwrap()` on `{}` value", kind,),
&format!(
"if you don't want to handle the `{}` case gracefully, consider \
using `expect()` to provide a better panic message",
none_value,
),
);
}
}
/// lint use of `expect()` for `Option`s and `Result`s
fn lint_expect(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, expect_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
let obj_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(&expect_args[0]));
let mess = if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::OPTION) {
Some((OPTION_EXPECT_USED, "an Option", "None"))
} else if match_type(cx, obj_ty, &paths::RESULT) {
Some((RESULT_EXPECT_USED, "a Result", "Err"))
} else {
None
};
if let Some((lint, kind, none_value)) = mess {
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
lint,
expr.span,
&format!("used `expect()` on `{}` value", kind,),
&format!("if this value is an `{}`, it will panic", none_value,),
);
}
}
/// lint use of `ok().expect()` for `Result`s
fn lint_ok_expect(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, ok_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
if_chain! {
// lint if the caller of `ok()` is a `Result`
if match_type(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&ok_args[0]), &paths::RESULT);
let result_type = cx.tables.expr_ty(&ok_args[0]);
if let Some(error_type) = get_error_type(cx, result_type);
if has_debug_impl(error_type, cx);
then {
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
OK_EXPECT,
expr.span,
"called `ok().expect()` on a `Result` value",
"you can call `expect()` directly on the `Result`",
);
}
}
}
/// lint use of `map().flatten()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_map_flatten<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>, map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>]) {
// lint if caller of `.map().flatten()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `map(..).flatten()` on an `Iterator`. \
This is more succinctly expressed by calling `.flat_map(..)`";
let self_snippet = snippet(cx, map_args[0].span, "..");
let func_snippet = snippet(cx, map_args[1].span, "..");
let hint = format!("{0}.flat_map({1})", self_snippet, func_snippet);
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
MAP_FLATTEN,
expr.span,
msg,
"try using `flat_map` instead",
hint,
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
/// lint use of `map().unwrap_or_else()` for `Option`s and `Result`s
fn lint_map_unwrap_or_else<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
unwrap_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if the caller of `map()` is an `Option`
let is_option = match_type(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&map_args[0]), &paths::OPTION);
let is_result = match_type(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&map_args[0]), &paths::RESULT);
if is_option || is_result {
// Don't make a suggestion that may fail to compile due to mutably borrowing
// the same variable twice.
let map_mutated_vars = mutated_variables(&map_args[0], cx);
let unwrap_mutated_vars = mutated_variables(&unwrap_args[1], cx);
if let (Some(map_mutated_vars), Some(unwrap_mutated_vars)) = (map_mutated_vars, unwrap_mutated_vars) {
if map_mutated_vars.intersection(&unwrap_mutated_vars).next().is_some() {
return;
}
} else {
return;
}
// lint message
let msg = if is_option {
"called `map(f).unwrap_or_else(g)` on an `Option` value. This can be done more directly by calling \
`map_or_else(g, f)` instead"
} else {
"called `map(f).unwrap_or_else(g)` on a `Result` value. This can be done more directly by calling \
`.map_or_else(g, f)` instead"
};
// get snippets for args to map() and unwrap_or_else()
let map_snippet = snippet(cx, map_args[1].span, "..");
let unwrap_snippet = snippet(cx, unwrap_args[1].span, "..");
// lint, with note if neither arg is > 1 line and both map() and
// unwrap_or_else() have the same span
let multiline = map_snippet.lines().count() > 1 || unwrap_snippet.lines().count() > 1;
let same_span = map_args[1].span.ctxt() == unwrap_args[1].span.ctxt();
if same_span && !multiline {
span_lint_and_note(
cx,
if is_option {
OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE
} else {
RESULT_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE
},
expr.span,
msg,
expr.span,
&format!(
"replace `map({0}).unwrap_or_else({1})` with `map_or_else({1}, {0})`",
map_snippet, unwrap_snippet,
),
);
} else if same_span && multiline {
span_lint(
cx,
if is_option {
OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE
} else {
RESULT_MAP_UNWRAP_OR_ELSE
},
expr.span,
msg,
);
};
}
}
/// lint use of `_.map_or(None, _)` for `Option`s
fn lint_map_or_none<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
map_or_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
if match_type(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty(&map_or_args[0]), &paths::OPTION) {
// check if the first non-self argument to map_or() is None
let map_or_arg_is_none = if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = map_or_args[1].kind {
match_qpath(qpath, &paths::OPTION_NONE)
} else {
false
};
if map_or_arg_is_none {
// lint message
let msg = "called `map_or(None, f)` on an `Option` value. This can be done more directly by calling \
`and_then(f)` instead";
let map_or_self_snippet = snippet(cx, map_or_args[0].span, "..");
let map_or_func_snippet = snippet(cx, map_or_args[2].span, "..");
let hint = format!("{0}.and_then({1})", map_or_self_snippet, map_or_func_snippet);
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
OPTION_MAP_OR_NONE,
expr.span,
msg,
"try using `and_then` instead",
hint,
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
}
/// Lint use of `_.and_then(|x| Some(y))` for `Option`s
fn lint_option_and_then_some(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
const LINT_MSG: &str = "using `Option.and_then(|x| Some(y))`, which is more succinctly expressed as `map(|x| y)`";
const NO_OP_MSG: &str = "using `Option.and_then(Some)`, which is a no-op";
let ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(&args[0]);
if !match_type(cx, ty, &paths::OPTION) {
return;
}
match args[1].kind {
hir::ExprKind::Closure(_, _, body_id, closure_args_span, _) => {
let closure_body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
let closure_expr = remove_blocks(&closure_body.value);
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::Call(ref some_expr, ref some_args) = closure_expr.kind;
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = some_expr.kind;
if match_qpath(qpath, &paths::OPTION_SOME);
if some_args.len() == 1;
then {
let inner_expr = &some_args[0];
if contains_return(inner_expr) {
return;
}
let some_inner_snip = if inner_expr.span.from_expansion() {
snippet_with_macro_callsite(cx, inner_expr.span, "_")
} else {
snippet(cx, inner_expr.span, "_")
};
let closure_args_snip = snippet(cx, closure_args_span, "..");
let option_snip = snippet(cx, args[0].span, "..");
let note = format!("{}.map({} {})", option_snip, closure_args_snip, some_inner_snip);
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
OPTION_AND_THEN_SOME,
expr.span,
LINT_MSG,
"try this",
note,
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
},
// `_.and_then(Some)` case, which is no-op.
hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) => {
if match_qpath(qpath, &paths::OPTION_SOME) {
let option_snip = snippet(cx, args[0].span, "..");
let note = format!("{}", option_snip);
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
OPTION_AND_THEN_SOME,
expr.span,
NO_OP_MSG,
"use the expression directly",
note,
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
},
_ => {},
}
}
/// lint use of `filter().next()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_filter_next<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
filter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.filter().next()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `filter(p).next()` on an `Iterator`. This is more succinctly expressed by calling \
`.find(p)` instead.";
let filter_snippet = snippet(cx, filter_args[1].span, "..");
if filter_snippet.lines().count() <= 1 {
// add note if not multi-line
span_lint_and_note(
cx,
FILTER_NEXT,
expr.span,
msg,
expr.span,
&format!("replace `filter({0}).next()` with `find({0})`", filter_snippet),
);
} else {
span_lint(cx, FILTER_NEXT, expr.span, msg);
}
}
}
/// lint use of `skip_while().next()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_skip_while_next<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
_skip_while_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.skip_while().next()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
SKIP_WHILE_NEXT,
expr.span,
"called `skip_while(p).next()` on an `Iterator`",
"this is more succinctly expressed by calling `.find(!p)` instead",
);
}
}
/// lint use of `filter().map()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_filter_map<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
_filter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
_map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.filter().map()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `filter(p).map(q)` on an `Iterator`";
let hint = "this is more succinctly expressed by calling `.filter_map(..)` instead";
span_lint_and_help(cx, FILTER_MAP, expr.span, msg, hint);
}
}
/// lint use of `filter_map().next()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_filter_map_next<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
filter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `filter_map(p).next()` on an `Iterator`. This is more succinctly expressed by calling \
`.find_map(p)` instead.";
let filter_snippet = snippet(cx, filter_args[1].span, "..");
if filter_snippet.lines().count() <= 1 {
span_lint_and_note(
cx,
FILTER_MAP_NEXT,
expr.span,
msg,
expr.span,
&format!("replace `filter_map({0}).next()` with `find_map({0})`", filter_snippet),
);
} else {
span_lint(cx, FILTER_MAP_NEXT, expr.span, msg);
}
}
}
/// lint use of `find().map()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_find_map<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
_find_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.filter().map()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, &map_args[0], &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `find(p).map(q)` on an `Iterator`";
let hint = "this is more succinctly expressed by calling `.find_map(..)` instead";
span_lint_and_help(cx, FIND_MAP, expr.span, msg, hint);
}
}
/// lint use of `filter_map().map()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_filter_map_map<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
_filter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
_map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.filter().map()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `filter_map(p).map(q)` on an `Iterator`";
let hint = "this is more succinctly expressed by only calling `.filter_map(..)` instead";
span_lint_and_help(cx, FILTER_MAP, expr.span, msg, hint);
}
}
/// lint use of `filter().flat_map()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_filter_flat_map<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
_filter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
_map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.filter().flat_map()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `filter(p).flat_map(q)` on an `Iterator`";
let hint = "this is more succinctly expressed by calling `.flat_map(..)` \
and filtering by returning `iter::empty()`";
span_lint_and_help(cx, FILTER_MAP, expr.span, msg, hint);
}
}
/// lint use of `filter_map().flat_map()` for `Iterators`
fn lint_filter_map_flat_map<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
_filter_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
_map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
) {
// lint if caller of `.filter_map().flat_map()` is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = "called `filter_map(p).flat_map(q)` on an `Iterator`";
let hint = "this is more succinctly expressed by calling `.flat_map(..)` \
and filtering by returning `iter::empty()`";
span_lint_and_help(cx, FILTER_MAP, expr.span, msg, hint);
}
}
/// lint use of `flat_map` for `Iterators` where `flatten` would be sufficient
fn lint_flat_map_identity<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
flat_map_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
flat_map_span: Span,
) {
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ITERATOR) {
let arg_node = &flat_map_args[1].kind;
let apply_lint = |message: &str| {
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
FLAT_MAP_IDENTITY,
flat_map_span.with_hi(expr.span.hi()),
message,
"try",
"flatten()".to_string(),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
};
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(_, _, body_id, _, _) = arg_node;
let body = cx.tcx.hir().body(*body_id);
if let hir::PatKind::Binding(_, _, binding_ident, _) = body.params[0].pat.kind;
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(_, ref path)) = body.value.kind;
if path.segments.len() == 1;
if path.segments[0].ident.as_str() == binding_ident.as_str();
then {
apply_lint("called `flat_map(|x| x)` on an `Iterator`");
}
}
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = arg_node;
if match_qpath(qpath, &paths::STD_CONVERT_IDENTITY);
then {
apply_lint("called `flat_map(std::convert::identity)` on an `Iterator`");
}
}
}
}
/// lint searching an Iterator followed by `is_some()`
fn lint_search_is_some<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
search_method: &str,
search_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
is_some_args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'_>],
method_span: Span,
) {
// lint if caller of search is an Iterator
if match_trait_method(cx, &is_some_args[0], &paths::ITERATOR) {
let msg = format!(
"called `is_some()` after searching an `Iterator` with {}. This is more succinctly \
expressed by calling `any()`.",
search_method
);
let search_snippet = snippet(cx, search_args[1].span, "..");
if search_snippet.lines().count() <= 1 {
// suggest `any(|x| ..)` instead of `any(|&x| ..)` for `find(|&x| ..).is_some()`
// suggest `any(|..| *..)` instead of `any(|..| **..)` for `find(|..| **..).is_some()`
let any_search_snippet = if_chain! {
if search_method == "find";
if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(_, _, body_id, ..) = search_args[1].kind;
let closure_body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
if let Some(closure_arg) = closure_body.params.get(0);
then {
if let hir::PatKind::Ref(..) = closure_arg.pat.kind {
Some(search_snippet.replacen('&', "", 1))
} else if let Some(name) = get_arg_name(&closure_arg.pat) {
Some(search_snippet.replace(&format!("*{}", name), &name.as_str()))
} else {
None
}
} else {
None
}
};
// add note if not multi-line
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
SEARCH_IS_SOME,
method_span.with_hi(expr.span.hi()),
&msg,
"try this",
format!(
"any({})",
any_search_snippet.as_ref().map_or(&*search_snippet, String::as_str)
),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
} else {
span_lint(cx, SEARCH_IS_SOME, expr.span, &msg);
}
}
}
/// Used for `lint_binary_expr_with_method_call`.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct BinaryExprInfo<'a> {
expr: &'a hir::Expr<'a>,
chain: &'a hir::Expr<'a>,
other: &'a hir::Expr<'a>,
eq: bool,
}
/// Checks for the `CHARS_NEXT_CMP` and `CHARS_LAST_CMP` lints.
fn lint_binary_expr_with_method_call(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, info: &mut BinaryExprInfo<'_>) {
macro_rules! lint_with_both_lhs_and_rhs {
($func:ident, $cx:expr, $info:ident) => {
if !$func($cx, $info) {
::std::mem::swap(&mut $info.chain, &mut $info.other);
if $func($cx, $info) {
return;
}
}
};
}
lint_with_both_lhs_and_rhs!(lint_chars_next_cmp, cx, info);
lint_with_both_lhs_and_rhs!(lint_chars_last_cmp, cx, info);
lint_with_both_lhs_and_rhs!(lint_chars_next_cmp_with_unwrap, cx, info);
lint_with_both_lhs_and_rhs!(lint_chars_last_cmp_with_unwrap, cx, info);
}
/// Wrapper fn for `CHARS_NEXT_CMP` and `CHARS_LAST_CMP` lints.
fn lint_chars_cmp(
cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>,
info: &BinaryExprInfo<'_>,
chain_methods: &[&str],
lint: &'static Lint,
suggest: &str,
) -> bool {
if_chain! {
if let Some(args) = method_chain_args(info.chain, chain_methods);
if let hir::ExprKind::Call(ref fun, ref arg_char) = info.other.kind;
if arg_char.len() == 1;
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = fun.kind;
if let Some(segment) = single_segment_path(qpath);
if segment.ident.name == sym!(Some);
then {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
let self_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(&args[0][0]));
if self_ty.kind != ty::Str {
return false;
}
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
lint,
info.expr.span,
&format!("you should use the `{}` method", suggest),
"like this",
format!("{}{}.{}({})",
if info.eq { "" } else { "!" },
snippet_with_applicability(cx, args[0][0].span, "_", &mut applicability),
suggest,
snippet_with_applicability(cx, arg_char[0].span, "_", &mut applicability)),
applicability,
);
return true;
}
}
false
}
/// Checks for the `CHARS_NEXT_CMP` lint.
fn lint_chars_next_cmp<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, info: &BinaryExprInfo<'_>) -> bool {
lint_chars_cmp(cx, info, &["chars", "next"], CHARS_NEXT_CMP, "starts_with")
}
/// Checks for the `CHARS_LAST_CMP` lint.
fn lint_chars_last_cmp<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, info: &BinaryExprInfo<'_>) -> bool {
if lint_chars_cmp(cx, info, &["chars", "last"], CHARS_LAST_CMP, "ends_with") {
true
} else {
lint_chars_cmp(cx, info, &["chars", "next_back"], CHARS_LAST_CMP, "ends_with")
}
}
/// Wrapper fn for `CHARS_NEXT_CMP` and `CHARS_LAST_CMP` lints with `unwrap()`.
fn lint_chars_cmp_with_unwrap<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
info: &BinaryExprInfo<'_>,
chain_methods: &[&str],
lint: &'static Lint,
suggest: &str,
) -> bool {
if_chain! {
if let Some(args) = method_chain_args(info.chain, chain_methods);
if let hir::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) = info.other.kind;
if let ast::LitKind::Char(c) = lit.node;
then {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
lint,
info.expr.span,
&format!("you should use the `{}` method", suggest),
"like this",
format!("{}{}.{}('{}')",
if info.eq { "" } else { "!" },
snippet_with_applicability(cx, args[0][0].span, "_", &mut applicability),
suggest,
c),
applicability,
);
true
} else {
false
}
}
}
/// Checks for the `CHARS_NEXT_CMP` lint with `unwrap()`.
fn lint_chars_next_cmp_with_unwrap<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, info: &BinaryExprInfo<'_>) -> bool {
lint_chars_cmp_with_unwrap(cx, info, &["chars", "next", "unwrap"], CHARS_NEXT_CMP, "starts_with")
}
/// Checks for the `CHARS_LAST_CMP` lint with `unwrap()`.
fn lint_chars_last_cmp_with_unwrap<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, info: &BinaryExprInfo<'_>) -> bool {
if lint_chars_cmp_with_unwrap(cx, info, &["chars", "last", "unwrap"], CHARS_LAST_CMP, "ends_with") {
true
} else {
lint_chars_cmp_with_unwrap(cx, info, &["chars", "next_back", "unwrap"], CHARS_LAST_CMP, "ends_with")
}
}
/// lint for length-1 `str`s for methods in `PATTERN_METHODS`
fn lint_single_char_pattern<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
arg: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>,
) {
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::Lit(lit) = &arg.kind;
if let ast::LitKind::Str(r, style) = lit.node;
if r.as_str().len() == 1;
then {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
let snip = snippet_with_applicability(cx, arg.span, "..", &mut applicability);
let ch = if let ast::StrStyle::Raw(nhash) = style {
let nhash = nhash as usize;
// for raw string: r##"a"##
&snip[(nhash + 2)..(snip.len() - 1 - nhash)]
} else {
// for regular string: "a"
&snip[1..(snip.len() - 1)]
};
let hint = format!("'{}'", if ch == "'" { "\\'" } else { ch });
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
SINGLE_CHAR_PATTERN,
arg.span,
"single-character string constant used as pattern",
"try using a `char` instead",
hint,
applicability,
);
}
}
}
/// Checks for the `USELESS_ASREF` lint.
fn lint_asref(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, call_name: &str, as_ref_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
// when we get here, we've already checked that the call name is "as_ref" or "as_mut"
// check if the call is to the actual `AsRef` or `AsMut` trait
if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ASREF_TRAIT) || match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::ASMUT_TRAIT) {
// check if the type after `as_ref` or `as_mut` is the same as before
let recvr = &as_ref_args[0];
let rcv_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(recvr);
let res_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(expr);
let (base_res_ty, res_depth) = walk_ptrs_ty_depth(res_ty);
let (base_rcv_ty, rcv_depth) = walk_ptrs_ty_depth(rcv_ty);
if base_rcv_ty == base_res_ty && rcv_depth >= res_depth {
// allow the `as_ref` or `as_mut` if it is followed by another method call
if_chain! {
if let Some(parent) = get_parent_expr(cx, expr);
if let hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(_, ref span, _) = parent.kind;
if span != &expr.span;
then {
return;
}
}
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
USELESS_ASREF,
expr.span,
&format!("this call to `{}` does nothing", call_name),
"try this",
snippet_with_applicability(cx, recvr.span, "_", &mut applicability).to_string(),
applicability,
);
}
}
}
fn ty_has_iter_method(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, self_ref_ty: Ty<'_>) -> Option<(&'static str, &'static str)> {
has_iter_method(cx, self_ref_ty).map(|ty_name| {
let mutbl = match self_ref_ty.kind {
ty::Ref(_, _, mutbl) => mutbl,
_ => unreachable!(),
};
let method_name = match mutbl {
hir::Mutability::Not => "iter",
hir::Mutability::Mut => "iter_mut",
};
(ty_name, method_name)
})
}
fn lint_into_iter(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, self_ref_ty: Ty<'_>, method_span: Span) {
if !match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::INTO_ITERATOR) {
return;
}
if let Some((kind, method_name)) = ty_has_iter_method(cx, self_ref_ty) {
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
INTO_ITER_ON_REF,
method_span,
&format!(
"this `.into_iter()` call is equivalent to `.{}()` and will not move the `{}`",
method_name, kind,
),
"call directly",
method_name.to_string(),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
/// lint for `MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init()` (we already have the latter)
fn lint_maybe_uninit(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, outer: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::Call(ref callee, ref args) = expr.kind;
if args.is_empty();
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref path) = callee.kind;
if match_qpath(path, &paths::MEM_MAYBEUNINIT_UNINIT);
if !is_maybe_uninit_ty_valid(cx, cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(outer));
then {
span_lint(
cx,
UNINIT_ASSUMED_INIT,
outer.span,
"this call for this type may be undefined behavior"
);
}
}
}
fn is_maybe_uninit_ty_valid(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
match ty.kind {
ty::Array(ref component, _) => is_maybe_uninit_ty_valid(cx, component),
ty::Tuple(ref types) => types.types().all(|ty| is_maybe_uninit_ty_valid(cx, ty)),
ty::Adt(ref adt, _) => {
// needs to be a MaybeUninit
match_def_path(cx, adt.did, &paths::MEM_MAYBEUNINIT)
},
_ => false,
}
}
fn lint_suspicious_map(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
span_lint_and_help(
cx,
SUSPICIOUS_MAP,
expr.span,
"this call to `map()` won't have an effect on the call to `count()`",
"make sure you did not confuse `map` with `filter` or `for_each`",
);
}
/// lint use of `_.as_ref().map(Deref::deref)` for `Option`s
fn lint_option_as_ref_deref<'a, 'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
as_ref_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>],
map_args: &[hir::Expr<'_>],
is_mut: bool,
) {
let option_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(&as_ref_args[0]);
if !match_type(cx, option_ty, &paths::OPTION) {
return;
}
let deref_aliases: [&[&str]; 9] = [
&paths::DEREF_TRAIT_METHOD,
&paths::DEREF_MUT_TRAIT_METHOD,
&paths::CSTRING_AS_C_STR,
&paths::OS_STRING_AS_OS_STR,
&paths::PATH_BUF_AS_PATH,
&paths::STRING_AS_STR,
&paths::STRING_AS_MUT_STR,
&paths::VEC_AS_SLICE,
&paths::VEC_AS_MUT_SLICE,
];
let is_deref = match map_args[1].kind {
hir::ExprKind::Path(ref expr_qpath) => deref_aliases.iter().any(|path| match_qpath(expr_qpath, path)),
hir::ExprKind::Closure(_, _, body_id, _, _) => {
let closure_body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
let closure_expr = remove_blocks(&closure_body.value);
if_chain! {
if let hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(_, _, args) = &closure_expr.kind;
if args.len() == 1;
if let hir::ExprKind::Path(qpath) = &args[0].kind;
if let hir::def::Res::Local(local_id) = cx.tables.qpath_res(qpath, args[0].hir_id);
if closure_body.params[0].pat.hir_id == local_id;
let adj = cx.tables.expr_adjustments(&args[0]).iter().map(|x| &x.kind).collect::<Box<[_]>>();
if let [ty::adjustment::Adjust::Deref(None), ty::adjustment::Adjust::Borrow(_)] = *adj;
then {
let method_did = cx.tables.type_dependent_def_id(closure_expr.hir_id).unwrap();
deref_aliases.iter().any(|path| match_def_path(cx, method_did, path))
} else {
false
}
}
},
_ => false,
};
if is_deref {
let current_method = if is_mut {
".as_mut().map(DerefMut::deref_mut)"
} else {
".as_ref().map(Deref::deref)"
};
let method_hint = if is_mut { "as_deref_mut" } else { "as_deref" };
let hint = format!("{}.{}()", snippet(cx, as_ref_args[0].span, ".."), method_hint);
let suggestion = format!("try using {} instead", method_hint);
let msg = format!(
"called `{0}` (or with one of deref aliases) on an Option value. \
This can be done more directly by calling `{1}` instead",
current_method, hint
);
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
OPTION_AS_REF_DEREF,
expr.span,
&msg,
&suggestion,
hint,
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
/// Given a `Result<T, E>` type, return its error type (`E`).
fn get_error_type<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, ty: Ty<'a>) -> Option<Ty<'a>> {
match ty.kind {
ty::Adt(_, substs) if match_type(cx, ty, &paths::RESULT) => substs.types().nth(1),
_ => None,
}
}
/// This checks whether a given type is known to implement Debug.
fn has_debug_impl<'a, 'b>(ty: Ty<'a>, cx: &LateContext<'b, 'a>) -> bool {
cx.tcx
.get_diagnostic_item(sym::debug_trait)
.map_or(false, |debug| implements_trait(cx, ty, debug, &[]))
}
enum Convention {
Eq(&'static str),
StartsWith(&'static str),
}
#[rustfmt::skip]
const CONVENTIONS: [(Convention, &[SelfKind]); 7] = [
(Convention::Eq("new"), &[SelfKind::No]),
(Convention::StartsWith("as_"), &[SelfKind::Ref, SelfKind::RefMut]),
(Convention::StartsWith("from_"), &[SelfKind::No]),
(Convention::StartsWith("into_"), &[SelfKind::Value]),
(Convention::StartsWith("is_"), &[SelfKind::Ref, SelfKind::No]),
(Convention::Eq("to_mut"), &[SelfKind::RefMut]),
(Convention::StartsWith("to_"), &[SelfKind::Ref]),
];
const FN_HEADER: hir::FnHeader = hir::FnHeader {
unsafety: hir::Unsafety::Normal,
constness: hir::Constness::NotConst,
asyncness: hir::IsAsync::NotAsync,
abi: rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi::Rust,
};
#[rustfmt::skip]
const TRAIT_METHODS: [(&str, usize, &hir::FnHeader, SelfKind, OutType, &str); 30] = [
("add", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Add"),
("as_mut", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::RefMut, OutType::Ref, "std::convert::AsMut"),
("as_ref", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Ref, "std::convert::AsRef"),
("bitand", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::BitAnd"),
("bitor", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::BitOr"),
("bitxor", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::BitXor"),
("borrow", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Ref, "std::borrow::Borrow"),
("borrow_mut", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::RefMut, OutType::Ref, "std::borrow::BorrowMut"),
("clone", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Any, "std::clone::Clone"),
("cmp", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Any, "std::cmp::Ord"),
("default", 0, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::No, OutType::Any, "std::default::Default"),
("deref", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Ref, "std::ops::Deref"),
("deref_mut", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::RefMut, OutType::Ref, "std::ops::DerefMut"),
("div", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Div"),
("drop", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::RefMut, OutType::Unit, "std::ops::Drop"),
("eq", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Bool, "std::cmp::PartialEq"),
("from_iter", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::No, OutType::Any, "std::iter::FromIterator"),
("from_str", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::No, OutType::Any, "std::str::FromStr"),
("hash", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Unit, "std::hash::Hash"),
("index", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Ref, OutType::Ref, "std::ops::Index"),
("index_mut", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::RefMut, OutType::Ref, "std::ops::IndexMut"),
("into_iter", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::iter::IntoIterator"),
("mul", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Mul"),
("neg", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Neg"),
("next", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::RefMut, OutType::Any, "std::iter::Iterator"),
("not", 1, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Not"),
("rem", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Rem"),
("shl", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Shl"),
("shr", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Shr"),
("sub", 2, &FN_HEADER, SelfKind::Value, OutType::Any, "std::ops::Sub"),
];
#[rustfmt::skip]
const PATTERN_METHODS: [(&str, usize); 17] = [
("contains", 1),
("starts_with", 1),
("ends_with", 1),
("find", 1),
("rfind", 1),
("split", 1),
("rsplit", 1),
("split_terminator", 1),
("rsplit_terminator", 1),
("splitn", 2),
("rsplitn", 2),
("matches", 1),
("rmatches", 1),
("match_indices", 1),
("rmatch_indices", 1),
("trim_start_matches", 1),
("trim_end_matches", 1),
];
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Debug)]
enum SelfKind {
Value,
Ref,
RefMut,
No,
}
impl SelfKind {
fn matches<'a>(self, cx: &LateContext<'_, 'a>, parent_ty: Ty<'a>, ty: Ty<'a>) -> bool {
fn matches_value(parent_ty: Ty<'_>, ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
if ty == parent_ty {
true
} else if ty.is_box() {
ty.boxed_ty() == parent_ty
} else if ty.is_rc() || ty.is_arc() {
if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = ty.kind {
substs.types().next().map_or(false, |t| t == parent_ty)
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
}
}
fn matches_ref<'a>(
cx: &LateContext<'_, 'a>,
mutability: hir::Mutability,
parent_ty: Ty<'a>,
ty: Ty<'a>,
) -> bool {
if let ty::Ref(_, t, m) = ty.kind {
return m == mutability && t == parent_ty;
}
let trait_path = match mutability {
hir::Mutability::Not => &paths::ASREF_TRAIT,
hir::Mutability::Mut => &paths::ASMUT_TRAIT,
};
let trait_def_id = match get_trait_def_id(cx, trait_path) {
Some(did) => did,
None => return false,
};
implements_trait(cx, ty, trait_def_id, &[parent_ty.into()])
}
match self {
Self::Value => matches_value(parent_ty, ty),
Self::Ref => matches_ref(cx, hir::Mutability::Not, parent_ty, ty) || ty == parent_ty && is_copy(cx, ty),
Self::RefMut => matches_ref(cx, hir::Mutability::Mut, parent_ty, ty),
Self::No => ty != parent_ty,
}
}
#[must_use]
fn description(self) -> &'static str {
match self {
Self::Value => "self by value",
Self::Ref => "self by reference",
Self::RefMut => "self by mutable reference",
Self::No => "no self",
}
}
}
impl Convention {
#[must_use]
fn check(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
match *self {
Self::Eq(this) => this == other,
Self::StartsWith(this) => other.starts_with(this) && this != other,
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Convention {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
match *self {
Self::Eq(this) => this.fmt(f),
Self::StartsWith(this) => this.fmt(f).and_then(|_| '*'.fmt(f)),
}
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
enum OutType {
Unit,
Bool,
Any,
Ref,
}
impl OutType {
fn matches(self, cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, ty: &hir::FnRetTy<'_>) -> bool {
let is_unit = |ty: &hir::Ty<'_>| SpanlessEq::new(cx).eq_ty_kind(&ty.kind, &hir::TyKind::Tup(&[]));
match (self, ty) {
(Self::Unit, &hir::FnRetTy::DefaultReturn(_)) => true,
(Self::Unit, &hir::FnRetTy::Return(ref ty)) if is_unit(ty) => true,
(Self::Bool, &hir::FnRetTy::Return(ref ty)) if is_bool(ty) => true,
(Self::Any, &hir::FnRetTy::Return(ref ty)) if !is_unit(ty) => true,
(Self::Ref, &hir::FnRetTy::Return(ref ty)) => matches!(ty.kind, hir::TyKind::Rptr(_, _)),
_ => false,
}
}
}
fn is_bool(ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> bool {
if let hir::TyKind::Path(ref p) = ty.kind {
match_qpath(p, &["bool"])
} else {
false
}
}
// Returns `true` if `expr` contains a return expression
fn contains_return(expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> bool {
struct RetCallFinder {
found: bool,
}
impl<'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for RetCallFinder {
type Map = Map<'tcx>;
fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>) {
if self.found {
return;
}
if let hir::ExprKind::Ret(..) = &expr.kind {
self.found = true;
} else {
intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
}
}
fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> intravisit::NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
intravisit::NestedVisitorMap::None
}
}
let mut visitor = RetCallFinder { found: false };
visitor.visit_expr(expr);
visitor.found
}
fn check_pointer_offset(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
if_chain! {
if args.len() == 2;
if let ty::RawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ref ty, .. }) = cx.tables.expr_ty(&args[0]).kind;
if let Ok(layout) = cx.tcx.layout_of(cx.param_env.and(ty));
if layout.is_zst();
then {
span_lint(cx, ZST_OFFSET, expr.span, "offset calculation on zero-sized value");
}
}
}
fn lint_filetype_is_file(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, args: &[hir::Expr<'_>]) {
let ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(&args[0]);
if !match_type(cx, ty, &paths::FILE_TYPE) {
return;
}
let span: Span;
let verb: &str;
let lint_unary: &str;
let help_unary: &str;
if_chain! {
if let Some(parent) = get_parent_expr(cx, expr);
if let hir::ExprKind::Unary(op, _) = parent.kind;
if op == hir::UnOp::UnNot;
then {
lint_unary = "!";
verb = "denies";
help_unary = "";
span = parent.span;
} else {
lint_unary = "";
verb = "covers";
help_unary = "!";
span = expr.span;
}
}
let lint_msg = format!("`{}FileType::is_file()` only {} regular files", lint_unary, verb);
let help_msg = format!("use `{}FileType::is_dir()` instead", help_unary);
span_lint_and_help(cx, FILETYPE_IS_FILE, span, &lint_msg, &help_msg);
}
fn fn_header_equals(expected: hir::FnHeader, actual: hir::FnHeader) -> bool {
expected.constness == actual.constness
&& expected.unsafety == actual.unsafety
&& expected.asyncness == actual.asyncness
}