rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions.rs

use crate::utils::{
    attr_by_name, attrs::is_proc_macro, is_must_use_ty, is_trait_impl_item, iter_input_pats, match_def_path,
    must_use_attr, qpath_res, return_ty, snippet, snippet_opt, span_lint, span_lint_and_help, span_lint_and_then,
    trait_ref_of_method, type_is_unsafe_function,
};
use rustc_ast::ast::Attribute;
use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_hir as hir;
use rustc_hir::intravisit;
use rustc_hir::{def::Res, def_id::DefId};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for functions with too many parameters.
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** Functions with lots of parameters are considered bad
    /// style and reduce readability (“what does the 5th parameter mean?”). Consider
    /// grouping some parameters into a new type.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:** None.
    ///
    /// **Example:**
    /// ```rust
    /// # struct Color;
    /// fn foo(x: u32, y: u32, name: &str, c: Color, w: f32, h: f32, a: f32, b: f32) {
    ///     // ..
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS,
    complexity,
    "functions with too many arguments"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for functions with a large amount of lines.
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** Functions with a lot of lines are harder to understand
    /// due to having to look at a larger amount of code to understand what the
    /// function is doing. Consider splitting the body of the function into
    /// multiple functions.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:** None.
    ///
    /// **Example:**
    /// ``` rust
    /// fn im_too_long() {
    /// println!("");
    /// // ... 100 more LoC
    /// println!("");
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub TOO_MANY_LINES,
    pedantic,
    "functions with too many lines"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for public functions that dereference raw pointer
    /// arguments but are not marked unsafe.
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** The function should probably be marked `unsafe`, since
    /// for an arbitrary raw pointer, there is no way of telling for sure if it is
    /// valid.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:**
    ///
    /// * It does not check functions recursively so if the pointer is passed to a
    /// private non-`unsafe` function which does the dereferencing, the lint won't
    /// trigger.
    /// * It only checks for arguments whose type are raw pointers, not raw pointers
    /// got from an argument in some other way (`fn foo(bar: &[*const u8])` or
    /// `some_argument.get_raw_ptr()`).
    ///
    /// **Example:**
    /// ```rust
    /// pub fn foo(x: *const u8) {
    ///     println!("{}", unsafe { *x });
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub NOT_UNSAFE_PTR_ARG_DEREF,
    correctness,
    "public functions dereferencing raw pointer arguments but not marked `unsafe`"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for a [`#[must_use]`] attribute on
    /// unit-returning functions and methods.
    ///
    /// [`#[must_use]`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/attributes/diagnostics.html#the-must_use-attribute
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** Unit values are useless. The attribute is likely
    /// a remnant of a refactoring that removed the return type.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:** None.
    ///
    /// **Examples:**
    /// ```rust
    /// #[must_use]
    /// fn useless() { }
    /// ```
    pub MUST_USE_UNIT,
    style,
    "`#[must_use]` attribute on a unit-returning function / method"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for a [`#[must_use]`] attribute without
    /// further information on functions and methods that return a type already
    /// marked as `#[must_use]`.
    ///
    /// [`#[must_use]`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/attributes/diagnostics.html#the-must_use-attribute
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** The attribute isn't needed. Not using the result
    /// will already be reported. Alternatively, one can add some text to the
    /// attribute to improve the lint message.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:** None.
    ///
    /// **Examples:**
    /// ```rust
    /// #[must_use]
    /// fn double_must_use() -> Result<(), ()> {
    ///     unimplemented!();
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub DOUBLE_MUST_USE,
    style,
    "`#[must_use]` attribute on a `#[must_use]`-returning function / method"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for public functions that have no
    /// [`#[must_use]`] attribute, but return something not already marked
    /// must-use, have no mutable arg and mutate no statics.
    ///
    /// [`#[must_use]`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/attributes/diagnostics.html#the-must_use-attribute
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** Not bad at all, this lint just shows places where
    /// you could add the attribute.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:** The lint only checks the arguments for mutable
    /// types without looking if they are actually changed. On the other hand,
    /// it also ignores a broad range of potentially interesting side effects,
    /// because we cannot decide whether the programmer intends the function to
    /// be called for the side effect or the result. Expect many false
    /// positives. At least we don't lint if the result type is unit or already
    /// `#[must_use]`.
    ///
    /// **Examples:**
    /// ```rust
    /// // this could be annotated with `#[must_use]`.
    /// fn id<T>(t: T) -> T { t }
    /// ```
    pub MUST_USE_CANDIDATE,
    pedantic,
    "function or method that could take a `#[must_use]` attribute"
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct Functions {
    threshold: u64,
    max_lines: u64,
}

impl Functions {
    pub fn new(threshold: u64, max_lines: u64) -> Self {
        Self { threshold, max_lines }
    }
}

impl_lint_pass!(Functions => [
    TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS,
    TOO_MANY_LINES,
    NOT_UNSAFE_PTR_ARG_DEREF,
    MUST_USE_UNIT,
    DOUBLE_MUST_USE,
    MUST_USE_CANDIDATE,
]);

impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for Functions {
    fn check_fn(
        &mut self,
        cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
        kind: intravisit::FnKind<'tcx>,
        decl: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'_>,
        body: &'tcx hir::Body<'_>,
        span: Span,
        hir_id: hir::HirId,
    ) {
        let unsafety = match kind {
            intravisit::FnKind::ItemFn(_, _, hir::FnHeader { unsafety, .. }, _, _) => unsafety,
            intravisit::FnKind::Method(_, sig, _, _) => sig.header.unsafety,
            intravisit::FnKind::Closure(_) => return,
        };

        // don't warn for implementations, it's not their fault
        if !is_trait_impl_item(cx, hir_id) {
            // don't lint extern functions decls, it's not their fault either
            match kind {
                intravisit::FnKind::Method(
                    _,
                    &hir::FnSig {
                        header: hir::FnHeader { abi: Abi::Rust, .. },
                        ..
                    },
                    _,
                    _,
                )
                | intravisit::FnKind::ItemFn(_, _, hir::FnHeader { abi: Abi::Rust, .. }, _, _) => {
                    self.check_arg_number(cx, decl, span.with_hi(decl.output.span().hi()))
                },
                _ => {},
            }
        }

        Self::check_raw_ptr(cx, unsafety, decl, body, hir_id);
        self.check_line_number(cx, span, body);
    }

    fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'_>) {
        let attr = must_use_attr(&item.attrs);
        if let hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref _generics, ref body_id) = item.kind {
            if let Some(attr) = attr {
                let fn_header_span = item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi());
                check_needless_must_use(cx, &sig.decl, item.hir_id, item.span, fn_header_span, attr);
                return;
            }
            if cx.access_levels.is_exported(item.hir_id)
                && !is_proc_macro(&item.attrs)
                && attr_by_name(&item.attrs, "no_mangle").is_none()
            {
                check_must_use_candidate(
                    cx,
                    &sig.decl,
                    cx.tcx.hir().body(*body_id),
                    item.span,
                    item.hir_id,
                    item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi()),
                    "this function could have a `#[must_use]` attribute",
                );
            }
        }
    }

    fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'_>) {
        if let hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref body_id) = item.kind {
            let attr = must_use_attr(&item.attrs);
            if let Some(attr) = attr {
                let fn_header_span = item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi());
                check_needless_must_use(cx, &sig.decl, item.hir_id, item.span, fn_header_span, attr);
            } else if cx.access_levels.is_exported(item.hir_id)
                && !is_proc_macro(&item.attrs)
                && trait_ref_of_method(cx, item.hir_id).is_none()
            {
                check_must_use_candidate(
                    cx,
                    &sig.decl,
                    cx.tcx.hir().body(*body_id),
                    item.span,
                    item.hir_id,
                    item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi()),
                    "this method could have a `#[must_use]` attribute",
                );
            }
        }
    }

    fn check_trait_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'_>) {
        if let hir::TraitItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref eid) = item.kind {
            // don't lint extern functions decls, it's not their fault
            if sig.header.abi == Abi::Rust {
                self.check_arg_number(cx, &sig.decl, item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi()));
            }

            let attr = must_use_attr(&item.attrs);
            if let Some(attr) = attr {
                let fn_header_span = item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi());
                check_needless_must_use(cx, &sig.decl, item.hir_id, item.span, fn_header_span, attr);
            }
            if let hir::TraitFn::Provided(eid) = *eid {
                let body = cx.tcx.hir().body(eid);
                Self::check_raw_ptr(cx, sig.header.unsafety, &sig.decl, body, item.hir_id);

                if attr.is_none() && cx.access_levels.is_exported(item.hir_id) && !is_proc_macro(&item.attrs) {
                    check_must_use_candidate(
                        cx,
                        &sig.decl,
                        body,
                        item.span,
                        item.hir_id,
                        item.span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi()),
                        "this method could have a `#[must_use]` attribute",
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> Functions {
    fn check_arg_number(self, cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>, fn_span: Span) {
        let args = decl.inputs.len() as u64;
        if args > self.threshold {
            span_lint(
                cx,
                TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS,
                fn_span,
                &format!("this function has too many arguments ({}/{})", args, self.threshold),
            );
        }
    }

    fn check_line_number(self, cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, span: Span, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'_>) {
        if in_external_macro(cx.sess(), span) {
            return;
        }

        let code_snippet = snippet(cx, body.value.span, "..");
        let mut line_count: u64 = 0;
        let mut in_comment = false;
        let mut code_in_line;

        // Skip the surrounding function decl.
        let start_brace_idx = code_snippet.find('{').map_or(0, |i| i + 1);
        let end_brace_idx = code_snippet.rfind('}').unwrap_or_else(|| code_snippet.len());
        let function_lines = code_snippet[start_brace_idx..end_brace_idx].lines();

        for mut line in function_lines {
            code_in_line = false;
            loop {
                line = line.trim_start();
                if line.is_empty() {
                    break;
                }
                if in_comment {
                    match line.find("*/") {
                        Some(i) => {
                            line = &line[i + 2..];
                            in_comment = false;
                            continue;
                        },
                        None => break,
                    }
                } else {
                    let multi_idx = line.find("/*").unwrap_or_else(|| line.len());
                    let single_idx = line.find("//").unwrap_or_else(|| line.len());
                    code_in_line |= multi_idx > 0 && single_idx > 0;
                    // Implies multi_idx is below line.len()
                    if multi_idx < single_idx {
                        line = &line[multi_idx + 2..];
                        in_comment = true;
                        continue;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            if code_in_line {
                line_count += 1;
            }
        }

        if line_count > self.max_lines {
            span_lint(cx, TOO_MANY_LINES, span, "This function has a large number of lines.")
        }
    }

    fn check_raw_ptr(
        cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
        unsafety: hir::Unsafety,
        decl: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'_>,
        body: &'tcx hir::Body<'_>,
        hir_id: hir::HirId,
    ) {
        let expr = &body.value;
        if unsafety == hir::Unsafety::Normal && cx.access_levels.is_exported(hir_id) {
            let raw_ptrs = iter_input_pats(decl, body)
                .zip(decl.inputs.iter())
                .filter_map(|(arg, ty)| raw_ptr_arg(arg, ty))
                .collect::<FxHashSet<_>>();

            if !raw_ptrs.is_empty() {
                let tables = cx.tcx.body_tables(body.id());
                let mut v = DerefVisitor {
                    cx,
                    ptrs: raw_ptrs,
                    tables,
                };

                intravisit::walk_expr(&mut v, expr);
            }
        }
    }
}

fn check_needless_must_use(
    cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>,
    decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
    item_id: hir::HirId,
    item_span: Span,
    fn_header_span: Span,
    attr: &Attribute,
) {
    if in_external_macro(cx.sess(), item_span) {
        return;
    }
    if returns_unit(decl) {
        span_lint_and_then(
            cx,
            MUST_USE_UNIT,
            fn_header_span,
            "this unit-returning function has a `#[must_use]` attribute",
            |diag| {
                diag.span_suggestion(
                    attr.span,
                    "remove the attribute",
                    "".into(),
                    Applicability::MachineApplicable,
                );
            },
        );
    } else if !attr.is_value_str() && is_must_use_ty(cx, return_ty(cx, item_id)) {
        span_lint_and_help(
            cx,
            DOUBLE_MUST_USE,
            fn_header_span,
            "this function has an empty `#[must_use]` attribute, but returns a type already marked as `#[must_use]`",
            None,
            "either add some descriptive text or remove the attribute",
        );
    }
}

fn check_must_use_candidate<'a, 'tcx>(
    cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
    decl: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'_>,
    body: &'tcx hir::Body<'_>,
    item_span: Span,
    item_id: hir::HirId,
    fn_span: Span,
    msg: &str,
) {
    if has_mutable_arg(cx, body)
        || mutates_static(cx, body)
        || in_external_macro(cx.sess(), item_span)
        || returns_unit(decl)
        || !cx.access_levels.is_exported(item_id)
        || is_must_use_ty(cx, return_ty(cx, item_id))
    {
        return;
    }
    span_lint_and_then(cx, MUST_USE_CANDIDATE, fn_span, msg, |diag| {
        if let Some(snippet) = snippet_opt(cx, fn_span) {
            diag.span_suggestion(
                fn_span,
                "add the attribute",
                format!("#[must_use] {}", snippet),
                Applicability::MachineApplicable,
            );
        }
    });
}

fn returns_unit(decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>) -> bool {
    match decl.output {
        hir::FnRetTy::DefaultReturn(_) => true,
        hir::FnRetTy::Return(ref ty) => match ty.kind {
            hir::TyKind::Tup(ref tys) => tys.is_empty(),
            hir::TyKind::Never => true,
            _ => false,
        },
    }
}

fn has_mutable_arg(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, body: &hir::Body<'_>) -> bool {
    let mut tys = FxHashSet::default();
    body.params.iter().any(|param| is_mutable_pat(cx, &param.pat, &mut tys))
}

fn is_mutable_pat(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, pat: &hir::Pat<'_>, tys: &mut FxHashSet<DefId>) -> bool {
    if let hir::PatKind::Wild = pat.kind {
        return false; // ignore `_` patterns
    }
    let def_id = pat.hir_id.owner.to_def_id();
    if cx.tcx.has_typeck_tables(def_id) {
        is_mutable_ty(
            cx,
            &cx.tcx.typeck_tables_of(def_id.expect_local()).pat_ty(pat),
            pat.span,
            tys,
        )
    } else {
        false
    }
}

static KNOWN_WRAPPER_TYS: &[&[&str]] = &[&["alloc", "rc", "Rc"], &["std", "sync", "Arc"]];

fn is_mutable_ty<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, span: Span, tys: &mut FxHashSet<DefId>) -> bool {
    match ty.kind {
        // primitive types are never mutable
        ty::Bool | ty::Char | ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_) | ty::Float(_) | ty::Str => false,
        ty::Adt(ref adt, ref substs) => {
            tys.insert(adt.did) && !ty.is_freeze(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, span)
                || KNOWN_WRAPPER_TYS.iter().any(|path| match_def_path(cx, adt.did, path))
                    && substs.types().any(|ty| is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, span, tys))
        },
        ty::Tuple(ref substs) => substs.types().any(|ty| is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, span, tys)),
        ty::Array(ty, _) | ty::Slice(ty) => is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, span, tys),
        ty::RawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl }) | ty::Ref(_, ty, mutbl) => {
            mutbl == hir::Mutability::Mut || is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, span, tys)
        },
        // calling something constitutes a side effect, so return true on all callables
        // also never calls need not be used, so return true for them, too
        _ => true,
    }
}

fn raw_ptr_arg(arg: &hir::Param<'_>, ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> Option<hir::HirId> {
    if let (&hir::PatKind::Binding(_, id, _, _), &hir::TyKind::Ptr(_)) = (&arg.pat.kind, &ty.kind) {
        Some(id)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

struct DerefVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    cx: &'a LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
    ptrs: FxHashSet<hir::HirId>,
    tables: &'a ty::TypeckTables<'tcx>,
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for DerefVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    type Map = Map<'tcx>;

    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>) {
        match expr.kind {
            hir::ExprKind::Call(ref f, args) => {
                let ty = self.tables.expr_ty(f);

                if type_is_unsafe_function(self.cx, ty) {
                    for arg in args {
                        self.check_arg(arg);
                    }
                }
            },
            hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(_, _, args) => {
                let def_id = self.tables.type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id).unwrap();
                let base_type = self.cx.tcx.type_of(def_id);

                if type_is_unsafe_function(self.cx, base_type) {
                    for arg in args {
                        self.check_arg(arg);
                    }
                }
            },
            hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnOp::UnDeref, ref ptr) => self.check_arg(ptr),
            _ => (),
        }

        intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
    }

    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> intravisit::NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
        intravisit::NestedVisitorMap::None
    }
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> DerefVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    fn check_arg(&self, ptr: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
        if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = ptr.kind {
            if let Res::Local(id) = qpath_res(self.cx, qpath, ptr.hir_id) {
                if self.ptrs.contains(&id) {
                    span_lint(
                        self.cx,
                        NOT_UNSAFE_PTR_ARG_DEREF,
                        ptr.span,
                        "this public function dereferences a raw pointer but is not marked `unsafe`",
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

struct StaticMutVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    cx: &'a LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
    mutates_static: bool,
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for StaticMutVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    type Map = Map<'tcx>;

    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>) {
        use hir::ExprKind::{AddrOf, Assign, AssignOp, Call, MethodCall};

        if self.mutates_static {
            return;
        }
        match expr.kind {
            Call(_, args) | MethodCall(_, _, args) => {
                let mut tys = FxHashSet::default();
                for arg in args {
                    let def_id = arg.hir_id.owner.to_def_id();
                    if self.cx.tcx.has_typeck_tables(def_id)
                        && is_mutable_ty(
                            self.cx,
                            self.cx.tcx.typeck_tables_of(def_id.expect_local()).expr_ty(arg),
                            arg.span,
                            &mut tys,
                        )
                        && is_mutated_static(self.cx, arg)
                    {
                        self.mutates_static = true;
                        return;
                    }
                    tys.clear();
                }
            },
            Assign(ref target, ..) | AssignOp(_, ref target, _) | AddrOf(_, hir::Mutability::Mut, ref target) => {
                self.mutates_static |= is_mutated_static(self.cx, target)
            },
            _ => {},
        }
    }

    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> intravisit::NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
        intravisit::NestedVisitorMap::None
    }
}

fn is_mutated_static(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, e: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> bool {
    use hir::ExprKind::{Field, Index, Path};

    match e.kind {
        Path(ref qpath) => {
            if let Res::Local(_) = qpath_res(cx, qpath, e.hir_id) {
                false
            } else {
                true
            }
        },
        Field(ref inner, _) | Index(ref inner, _) => is_mutated_static(cx, inner),
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn mutates_static<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &'a LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'_>) -> bool {
    let mut v = StaticMutVisitor {
        cx,
        mutates_static: false,
    };
    intravisit::walk_expr(&mut v, &body.value);
    v.mutates_static
}