rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/lifetimes.rs

699 lines
23 KiB
Rust

use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_then};
use clippy_utils::trait_ref_of_method;
use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_hir::intravisit::nested_filter::{self as hir_nested_filter, NestedFilter};
use rustc_hir::intravisit::{
walk_fn_decl, walk_generic_param, walk_generics, walk_impl_item_ref, walk_item, walk_param_bound,
walk_poly_trait_ref, walk_trait_ref, walk_ty, Visitor,
};
use rustc_hir::FnRetTy::Return;
use rustc_hir::{
lang_items, BareFnTy, BodyId, FnDecl, FnSig, GenericArg, GenericBound, GenericParam, GenericParamKind, Generics,
Impl, ImplItem, ImplItemKind, Item, ItemKind, Lifetime, LifetimeName, LifetimeParamKind, Node, PolyTraitRef,
PredicateOrigin, TraitFn, TraitItem, TraitItemKind, Ty, TyKind, WherePredicate,
};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter as middle_nested_filter;
use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident, Symbol};
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Checks for lifetime annotations which can be removed by
/// relying on lifetime elision.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// The additional lifetimes make the code look more
/// complicated, while there is nothing out of the ordinary going on. Removing
/// them leads to more readable code.
///
/// ### Known problems
/// - We bail out if the function has a `where` clause where lifetimes
/// are mentioned due to potential false positives.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// // Unnecessary lifetime annotations
/// fn in_and_out<'a>(x: &'a u8, y: u8) -> &'a u8 {
/// x
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// fn elided(x: &u8, y: u8) -> &u8 {
/// x
/// }
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub NEEDLESS_LIFETIMES,
complexity,
"using explicit lifetimes for references in function arguments when elision rules \
would allow omitting them"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Checks for lifetimes in generics that are never used
/// anywhere else.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// The additional lifetimes make the code look more
/// complicated, while there is nothing out of the ordinary going on. Removing
/// them leads to more readable code.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// // unnecessary lifetimes
/// fn unused_lifetime<'a>(x: u8) {
/// // ..
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// fn no_lifetime(x: u8) {
/// // ...
/// }
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub EXTRA_UNUSED_LIFETIMES,
complexity,
"unused lifetimes in function definitions"
}
declare_lint_pass!(Lifetimes => [NEEDLESS_LIFETIMES, EXTRA_UNUSED_LIFETIMES]);
impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Lifetimes {
fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx Item<'_>) {
if let ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, generics, id) = item.kind {
check_fn_inner(cx, sig, Some(id), None, generics, item.span, true);
} else if let ItemKind::Impl(impl_) = item.kind {
if !item.span.from_expansion() {
report_extra_impl_lifetimes(cx, impl_);
}
}
}
fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx ImplItem<'_>) {
if let ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, id) = item.kind {
let report_extra_lifetimes = trait_ref_of_method(cx, item.owner_id.def_id).is_none();
check_fn_inner(
cx,
sig,
Some(id),
None,
item.generics,
item.span,
report_extra_lifetimes,
);
}
}
fn check_trait_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx TraitItem<'_>) {
if let TraitItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref body) = item.kind {
let (body, trait_sig) = match *body {
TraitFn::Required(sig) => (None, Some(sig)),
TraitFn::Provided(id) => (Some(id), None),
};
check_fn_inner(cx, sig, body, trait_sig, item.generics, item.span, true);
}
}
}
fn check_fn_inner<'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
sig: &'tcx FnSig<'_>,
body: Option<BodyId>,
trait_sig: Option<&[Ident]>,
generics: &'tcx Generics<'_>,
span: Span,
report_extra_lifetimes: bool,
) {
if in_external_macro(cx.sess(), span) || has_where_lifetimes(cx, generics) {
return;
}
let types = generics
.params
.iter()
.filter(|param| matches!(param.kind, GenericParamKind::Type { .. }));
for typ in types {
if !typ.span.eq_ctxt(span) {
return;
}
for pred in generics.bounds_for_param(typ.def_id) {
if pred.origin == PredicateOrigin::WhereClause {
// has_where_lifetimes checked that this predicate contains no lifetime.
continue;
}
for bound in pred.bounds {
let mut visitor = RefVisitor::new(cx);
walk_param_bound(&mut visitor, bound);
if visitor.lts.iter().any(|lt| matches!(lt.res, LifetimeName::Param(_))) {
return;
}
if let GenericBound::Trait(ref trait_ref, _) = *bound {
let params = &trait_ref
.trait_ref
.path
.segments
.last()
.expect("a path must have at least one segment")
.args;
if let Some(params) = *params {
let lifetimes = params.args.iter().filter_map(|arg| match arg {
GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => Some(lt),
_ => None,
});
for bound in lifetimes {
if !bound.is_static() && !bound.is_elided() {
return;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
if let Some((elidable_lts, usages)) = could_use_elision(cx, sig.decl, body, trait_sig, generics.params) {
if usages.iter().any(|usage| !usage.ident.span.eq_ctxt(span)) {
return;
}
let lts = elidable_lts
.iter()
// In principle, the result of the call to `Node::ident` could be `unwrap`ped, as `DefId` should refer to a
// `Node::GenericParam`.
.filter_map(|&def_id| cx.tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(def_id).ident())
.map(|ident| ident.to_string())
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(", ");
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
NEEDLESS_LIFETIMES,
span.with_hi(sig.decl.output.span().hi()),
&format!("the following explicit lifetimes could be elided: {lts}"),
|diag| {
if sig.header.is_async() {
// async functions have usages whose spans point at the lifetime declaration which messes up
// suggestions
return;
};
if let Some(suggestions) = elision_suggestions(cx, generics, &elidable_lts, &usages) {
diag.multipart_suggestion("elide the lifetimes", suggestions, Applicability::MachineApplicable);
}
},
);
}
if report_extra_lifetimes {
self::report_extra_lifetimes(cx, sig.decl, generics);
}
}
fn elision_suggestions(
cx: &LateContext<'_>,
generics: &Generics<'_>,
elidable_lts: &[LocalDefId],
usages: &[Lifetime],
) -> Option<Vec<(Span, String)>> {
let explicit_params = generics
.params
.iter()
.filter(|param| !param.is_elided_lifetime() && !param.is_impl_trait())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut suggestions = if elidable_lts.len() == explicit_params.len() {
// if all the params are elided remove the whole generic block
//
// fn x<'a>() {}
// ^^^^
vec![(generics.span, String::new())]
} else {
elidable_lts
.iter()
.map(|&id| {
let pos = explicit_params.iter().position(|param| param.def_id == id)?;
let param = explicit_params.get(pos)?;
let span = if let Some(next) = explicit_params.get(pos + 1) {
// fn x<'prev, 'a, 'next>() {}
// ^^^^
param.span.until(next.span)
} else {
// `pos` should be at least 1 here, because the param in position 0 would either have a `next`
// param or would have taken the `elidable_lts.len() == explicit_params.len()` branch.
let prev = explicit_params.get(pos - 1)?;
// fn x<'prev, 'a>() {}
// ^^^^
param.span.with_lo(prev.span.hi())
};
Some((span, String::new()))
})
.collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?
};
suggestions.extend(
usages
.iter()
.filter(|usage| named_lifetime(usage).map_or(false, |id| elidable_lts.contains(&id)))
.map(|usage| {
match cx.tcx.hir().get_parent(usage.hir_id) {
Node::Ty(Ty {
kind: TyKind::Ref(..), ..
}) => {
// expand `&'a T` to `&'a T`
// ^^ ^^^
let span = cx
.sess()
.source_map()
.span_extend_while(usage.ident.span, |ch| ch.is_ascii_whitespace())
.unwrap_or(usage.ident.span);
(span, String::new())
},
// `T<'a>` and `impl Foo + 'a` should be replaced by `'_`
_ => (usage.ident.span, String::from("'_")),
}
}),
);
Some(suggestions)
}
// elision doesn't work for explicit self types, see rust-lang/rust#69064
fn explicit_self_type<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, func: &FnDecl<'tcx>, ident: Option<Ident>) -> bool {
if_chain! {
if let Some(ident) = ident;
if ident.name == kw::SelfLower;
if !func.implicit_self.has_implicit_self();
if let Some(self_ty) = func.inputs.first();
then {
let mut visitor = RefVisitor::new(cx);
visitor.visit_ty(self_ty);
!visitor.all_lts().is_empty()
} else {
false
}
}
}
fn named_lifetime(lt: &Lifetime) -> Option<LocalDefId> {
match lt.res {
LifetimeName::Param(id) if !lt.is_anonymous() => Some(id),
_ => None,
}
}
fn could_use_elision<'tcx>(
cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
func: &'tcx FnDecl<'_>,
body: Option<BodyId>,
trait_sig: Option<&[Ident]>,
named_generics: &'tcx [GenericParam<'_>],
) -> Option<(Vec<LocalDefId>, Vec<Lifetime>)> {
// There are two scenarios where elision works:
// * no output references, all input references have different LT
// * output references, exactly one input reference with same LT
// All lifetimes must be unnamed, 'static or defined without bounds on the
// level of the current item.
// check named LTs
let allowed_lts = allowed_lts_from(named_generics);
// these will collect all the lifetimes for references in arg/return types
let mut input_visitor = RefVisitor::new(cx);
let mut output_visitor = RefVisitor::new(cx);
// extract lifetimes in input argument types
for arg in func.inputs {
input_visitor.visit_ty(arg);
}
// extract lifetimes in output type
if let Return(ty) = func.output {
output_visitor.visit_ty(ty);
}
for lt in named_generics {
input_visitor.visit_generic_param(lt);
}
if input_visitor.abort() || output_visitor.abort() {
return None;
}
let input_lts = input_visitor.lts;
let output_lts = output_visitor.lts;
if let Some(trait_sig) = trait_sig {
if explicit_self_type(cx, func, trait_sig.first().copied()) {
return None;
}
}
if let Some(body_id) = body {
let body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
let first_ident = body.params.first().and_then(|param| param.pat.simple_ident());
if explicit_self_type(cx, func, first_ident) {
return None;
}
let mut checker = BodyLifetimeChecker {
lifetimes_used_in_body: false,
};
checker.visit_expr(body.value);
if checker.lifetimes_used_in_body {
return None;
}
}
// check for lifetimes from higher scopes
for lt in input_lts.iter().chain(output_lts.iter()) {
if let Some(id) = named_lifetime(lt)
&& !allowed_lts.contains(&id)
{
return None;
}
}
// check for higher-ranked trait bounds
if !input_visitor.nested_elision_site_lts.is_empty() || !output_visitor.nested_elision_site_lts.is_empty() {
let allowed_lts: FxHashSet<_> = allowed_lts.iter().map(|id| cx.tcx.item_name(id.to_def_id())).collect();
for lt in input_visitor.nested_elision_site_lts {
if allowed_lts.contains(&lt.ident.name) {
return None;
}
}
for lt in output_visitor.nested_elision_site_lts {
if allowed_lts.contains(&lt.ident.name) {
return None;
}
}
}
// A lifetime can be newly elided if:
// - It occurs only once among the inputs.
// - If there are multiple input lifetimes, then the newly elided lifetime does not occur among the
// outputs (because eliding such an lifetime would create an ambiguity).
let elidable_lts = named_lifetime_occurrences(&input_lts)
.into_iter()
.filter_map(|(def_id, occurrences)| {
if occurrences == 1
&& (input_lts.len() == 1 || !output_lts.iter().any(|lt| named_lifetime(lt) == Some(def_id)))
{
Some(def_id)
} else {
None
}
})
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
if elidable_lts.is_empty() {
return None;
}
let usages = itertools::chain(input_lts, output_lts).collect();
Some((elidable_lts, usages))
}
fn allowed_lts_from(named_generics: &[GenericParam<'_>]) -> FxHashSet<LocalDefId> {
named_generics
.iter()
.filter_map(|par| {
if let GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } = par.kind {
Some(par.def_id)
} else {
None
}
})
.collect()
}
/// Number of times each named lifetime occurs in the given slice. Returns a vector to preserve
/// relative order.
#[must_use]
fn named_lifetime_occurrences(lts: &[Lifetime]) -> Vec<(LocalDefId, usize)> {
let mut occurrences = Vec::new();
for lt in lts {
if let Some(curr_def_id) = named_lifetime(lt) {
if let Some(pair) = occurrences
.iter_mut()
.find(|(prev_def_id, _)| *prev_def_id == curr_def_id)
{
pair.1 += 1;
} else {
occurrences.push((curr_def_id, 1));
}
}
}
occurrences
}
struct RefVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
cx: &'a LateContext<'tcx>,
lts: Vec<Lifetime>,
nested_elision_site_lts: Vec<Lifetime>,
unelided_trait_object_lifetime: bool,
}
impl<'a, 'tcx> RefVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
fn new(cx: &'a LateContext<'tcx>) -> Self {
Self {
cx,
lts: Vec::new(),
nested_elision_site_lts: Vec::new(),
unelided_trait_object_lifetime: false,
}
}
fn all_lts(&self) -> Vec<Lifetime> {
self.lts
.iter()
.chain(self.nested_elision_site_lts.iter())
.copied()
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
}
fn abort(&self) -> bool {
self.unelided_trait_object_lifetime
}
}
impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for RefVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
// for lifetimes as parameters of generics
fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &'tcx Lifetime) {
self.lts.push(*lifetime);
}
fn visit_poly_trait_ref(&mut self, poly_tref: &'tcx PolyTraitRef<'tcx>) {
let trait_ref = &poly_tref.trait_ref;
if let Some(id) = trait_ref.trait_def_id() && lang_items::FN_TRAITS.iter().any(|&item| {
self.cx.tcx.lang_items().get(item) == Some(id)
}) {
let mut sub_visitor = RefVisitor::new(self.cx);
sub_visitor.visit_trait_ref(trait_ref);
self.nested_elision_site_lts.append(&mut sub_visitor.all_lts());
} else {
walk_poly_trait_ref(self, poly_tref);
}
}
fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'tcx Ty<'_>) {
match ty.kind {
TyKind::OpaqueDef(item, bounds, _) => {
let map = self.cx.tcx.hir();
let item = map.item(item);
let len = self.lts.len();
walk_item(self, item);
self.lts.truncate(len);
self.lts.extend(bounds.iter().filter_map(|bound| match bound {
GenericArg::Lifetime(&l) => Some(l),
_ => None,
}));
},
TyKind::BareFn(&BareFnTy { decl, .. }) => {
let mut sub_visitor = RefVisitor::new(self.cx);
sub_visitor.visit_fn_decl(decl);
self.nested_elision_site_lts.append(&mut sub_visitor.all_lts());
},
TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, lt, _) => {
if !lt.is_elided() {
self.unelided_trait_object_lifetime = true;
}
for bound in bounds {
self.visit_poly_trait_ref(bound);
}
},
_ => walk_ty(self, ty),
}
}
}
/// Are any lifetimes mentioned in the `where` clause? If so, we don't try to
/// reason about elision.
fn has_where_lifetimes<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, generics: &'tcx Generics<'_>) -> bool {
for predicate in generics.predicates {
match *predicate {
WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(..) => return true,
WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(ref pred) => {
// a predicate like F: Trait or F: for<'a> Trait<'a>
let mut visitor = RefVisitor::new(cx);
// walk the type F, it may not contain LT refs
walk_ty(&mut visitor, pred.bounded_ty);
if !visitor.all_lts().is_empty() {
return true;
}
// if the bounds define new lifetimes, they are fine to occur
let allowed_lts = allowed_lts_from(pred.bound_generic_params);
// now walk the bounds
for bound in pred.bounds.iter() {
walk_param_bound(&mut visitor, bound);
}
// and check that all lifetimes are allowed
for lt in visitor.all_lts() {
if let Some(id) = named_lifetime(&lt)
&& !allowed_lts.contains(&id)
{
return true;
}
}
},
WherePredicate::EqPredicate(ref pred) => {
let mut visitor = RefVisitor::new(cx);
walk_ty(&mut visitor, pred.lhs_ty);
walk_ty(&mut visitor, pred.rhs_ty);
if !visitor.lts.is_empty() {
return true;
}
},
}
}
false
}
struct LifetimeChecker<'cx, 'tcx, F> {
cx: &'cx LateContext<'tcx>,
map: FxHashMap<Symbol, Span>,
phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<F>,
}
impl<'cx, 'tcx, F> LifetimeChecker<'cx, 'tcx, F> {
fn new(cx: &'cx LateContext<'tcx>, map: FxHashMap<Symbol, Span>) -> LifetimeChecker<'cx, 'tcx, F> {
Self {
cx,
map,
phantom: std::marker::PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<'cx, 'tcx, F> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeChecker<'cx, 'tcx, F>
where
F: NestedFilter<'tcx>,
{
type Map = rustc_middle::hir::map::Map<'tcx>;
type NestedFilter = F;
// for lifetimes as parameters of generics
fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &'tcx Lifetime) {
self.map.remove(&lifetime.ident.name);
}
fn visit_generic_param(&mut self, param: &'tcx GenericParam<'_>) {
// don't actually visit `<'a>` or `<'a: 'b>`
// we've already visited the `'a` declarations and
// don't want to spuriously remove them
// `'b` in `'a: 'b` is useless unless used elsewhere in
// a non-lifetime bound
if let GenericParamKind::Type { .. } = param.kind {
walk_generic_param(self, param);
}
}
fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
self.cx.tcx.hir()
}
}
fn report_extra_lifetimes<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, func: &'tcx FnDecl<'_>, generics: &'tcx Generics<'_>) {
let hs = generics
.params
.iter()
.filter_map(|par| match par.kind {
GenericParamKind::Lifetime {
kind: LifetimeParamKind::Explicit,
} => Some((par.name.ident().name, par.span)),
_ => None,
})
.collect();
let mut checker = LifetimeChecker::<hir_nested_filter::None>::new(cx, hs);
walk_generics(&mut checker, generics);
walk_fn_decl(&mut checker, func);
for &v in checker.map.values() {
span_lint(
cx,
EXTRA_UNUSED_LIFETIMES,
v,
"this lifetime isn't used in the function definition",
);
}
}
fn report_extra_impl_lifetimes<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, impl_: &'tcx Impl<'_>) {
let hs = impl_
.generics
.params
.iter()
.filter_map(|par| match par.kind {
GenericParamKind::Lifetime {
kind: LifetimeParamKind::Explicit,
} => Some((par.name.ident().name, par.span)),
_ => None,
})
.collect();
let mut checker = LifetimeChecker::<middle_nested_filter::All>::new(cx, hs);
walk_generics(&mut checker, impl_.generics);
if let Some(ref trait_ref) = impl_.of_trait {
walk_trait_ref(&mut checker, trait_ref);
}
walk_ty(&mut checker, impl_.self_ty);
for item in impl_.items {
walk_impl_item_ref(&mut checker, item);
}
for &v in checker.map.values() {
span_lint(cx, EXTRA_UNUSED_LIFETIMES, v, "this lifetime isn't used in the impl");
}
}
struct BodyLifetimeChecker {
lifetimes_used_in_body: bool,
}
impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BodyLifetimeChecker {
// for lifetimes as parameters of generics
fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &'tcx Lifetime) {
if !lifetime.is_anonymous() && lifetime.ident.name != kw::StaticLifetime {
self.lifetimes_used_in_body = true;
}
}
}