rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/slow_vector_initialization.rs

use clippy_utils::diagnostics::span_lint_and_then;
use clippy_utils::sugg::Sugg;
use clippy_utils::ty::is_type_diagnostic_item;
use clippy_utils::{get_enclosing_block, is_expr_path_def_path, path_to_local, path_to_local_id, paths, SpanlessEq};
use if_chain::if_chain;
use rustc_ast::ast::LitKind;
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_hir::intravisit::{walk_block, walk_expr, walk_stmt, Visitor};
use rustc_hir::{BindingAnnotation, Block, Expr, ExprKind, HirId, PatKind, QPath, Stmt, StmtKind};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
use rustc_span::symbol::sym;

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// ### What it does
    /// Checks slow zero-filled vector initialization
    ///
    /// ### Why is this bad?
    /// These structures are non-idiomatic and less efficient than simply using
    /// `vec![0; len]`.
    ///
    /// ### Example
    /// ```rust
    /// # use core::iter::repeat;
    /// # let len = 4;
    /// let mut vec1 = Vec::with_capacity(len);
    /// vec1.resize(len, 0);
    ///
    /// let mut vec1 = Vec::with_capacity(len);
    /// vec1.resize(vec1.capacity(), 0);
    ///
    /// let mut vec2 = Vec::with_capacity(len);
    /// vec2.extend(repeat(0).take(len));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Use instead:
    /// ```rust
    /// # let len = 4;
    /// let mut vec1 = vec![0; len];
    /// let mut vec2 = vec![0; len];
    /// ```
    #[clippy::version = "1.32.0"]
    pub SLOW_VECTOR_INITIALIZATION,
    perf,
    "slow vector initialization"
}

declare_lint_pass!(SlowVectorInit => [SLOW_VECTOR_INITIALIZATION]);

/// `VecAllocation` contains data regarding a vector allocated with `with_capacity` and then
/// assigned to a variable. For example, `let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(0)` or
/// `vec = Vec::with_capacity(0)`
struct VecAllocation<'tcx> {
    /// HirId of the variable
    local_id: HirId,

    /// Reference to the expression which allocates the vector
    allocation_expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>,

    /// Reference to the expression used as argument on `with_capacity` call. This is used
    /// to only match slow zero-filling idioms of the same length than vector initialization.
    len_expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>,
}

/// Type of slow initialization
enum InitializationType<'tcx> {
    /// Extend is a slow initialization with the form `vec.extend(repeat(0).take(..))`
    Extend(&'tcx Expr<'tcx>),

    /// Resize is a slow initialization with the form `vec.resize(.., 0)`
    Resize(&'tcx Expr<'tcx>),
}

impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for SlowVectorInit {
    fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
        // Matches initialization on reassignements. For example: `vec = Vec::with_capacity(100)`
        if_chain! {
            if let ExprKind::Assign(left, right, _) = expr.kind;

            // Extract variable
            if let Some(local_id) = path_to_local(left);

            // Extract len argument
            if let Some(len_arg) = Self::is_vec_with_capacity(cx, right);

            then {
                let vi = VecAllocation {
                    local_id,
                    allocation_expr: right,
                    len_expr: len_arg,
                };

                Self::search_initialization(cx, vi, expr.hir_id);
            }
        }
    }

    fn check_stmt(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, stmt: &'tcx Stmt<'_>) {
        // Matches statements which initializes vectors. For example: `let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10)`
        if_chain! {
            if let StmtKind::Local(local) = stmt.kind;
            if let PatKind::Binding(BindingAnnotation::Mutable, local_id, _, None) = local.pat.kind;
            if let Some(init) = local.init;
            if let Some(len_arg) = Self::is_vec_with_capacity(cx, init);

            then {
                let vi = VecAllocation {
                    local_id,
                    allocation_expr: init,
                    len_expr: len_arg,
                };

                Self::search_initialization(cx, vi, stmt.hir_id);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl SlowVectorInit {
    /// Checks if the given expression is `Vec::with_capacity(..)`. It will return the expression
    /// of the first argument of `with_capacity` call if it matches or `None` if it does not.
    fn is_vec_with_capacity<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'tcx>) -> Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>> {
        if_chain! {
            if let ExprKind::Call(func, [arg]) = expr.kind;
            if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::TypeRelative(ty, name)) = func.kind;
            if name.ident.as_str() == "with_capacity";
            if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.typeck_results().node_type(ty.hir_id), sym::Vec);
            then {
                Some(arg)
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
    }

    /// Search initialization for the given vector
    fn search_initialization<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, vec_alloc: VecAllocation<'tcx>, parent_node: HirId) {
        let enclosing_body = get_enclosing_block(cx, parent_node);

        if enclosing_body.is_none() {
            return;
        }

        let mut v = VectorInitializationVisitor {
            cx,
            vec_alloc,
            slow_expression: None,
            initialization_found: false,
        };

        v.visit_block(enclosing_body.unwrap());

        if let Some(ref allocation_expr) = v.slow_expression {
            Self::lint_initialization(cx, allocation_expr, &v.vec_alloc);
        }
    }

    fn lint_initialization<'tcx>(
        cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
        initialization: &InitializationType<'tcx>,
        vec_alloc: &VecAllocation<'_>,
    ) {
        match initialization {
            InitializationType::Extend(e) | InitializationType::Resize(e) => {
                Self::emit_lint(cx, e, vec_alloc, "slow zero-filling initialization");
            },
        };
    }

    fn emit_lint<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, slow_fill: &Expr<'_>, vec_alloc: &VecAllocation<'_>, msg: &str) {
        let len_expr = Sugg::hir(cx, vec_alloc.len_expr, "len");

        span_lint_and_then(cx, SLOW_VECTOR_INITIALIZATION, slow_fill.span, msg, |diag| {
            diag.span_suggestion(
                vec_alloc.allocation_expr.span,
                "consider replace allocation with",
                format!("vec![0; {}]", len_expr),
                Applicability::Unspecified,
            );
        });
    }
}

/// `VectorInitializationVisitor` searches for unsafe or slow vector initializations for the given
/// vector.
struct VectorInitializationVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    cx: &'a LateContext<'tcx>,

    /// Contains the information.
    vec_alloc: VecAllocation<'tcx>,

    /// Contains the slow initialization expression, if one was found.
    slow_expression: Option<InitializationType<'tcx>>,

    /// `true` if the initialization of the vector has been found on the visited block.
    initialization_found: bool,
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> VectorInitializationVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    /// Checks if the given expression is extending a vector with `repeat(0).take(..)`
    fn search_slow_extend_filling(&mut self, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
        if_chain! {
            if self.initialization_found;
            if let ExprKind::MethodCall(path, [self_arg, extend_arg], _) = expr.kind;
            if path_to_local_id(self_arg, self.vec_alloc.local_id);
            if path.ident.name == sym!(extend);
            if self.is_repeat_take(extend_arg);

            then {
                self.slow_expression = Some(InitializationType::Extend(expr));
            }
        }
    }

    /// Checks if the given expression is resizing a vector with 0
    fn search_slow_resize_filling(&mut self, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
        if self.initialization_found
            && let ExprKind::MethodCall(path, [self_arg, len_arg, fill_arg], _) = expr.kind
            && path_to_local_id(self_arg, self.vec_alloc.local_id)
            && path.ident.name == sym!(resize)
            // Check that is filled with 0
            && let ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) = fill_arg.kind
            && let LitKind::Int(0, _) = lit.node {
                // Check that len expression is equals to `with_capacity` expression
                if SpanlessEq::new(self.cx).eq_expr(len_arg, self.vec_alloc.len_expr) {
                    self.slow_expression = Some(InitializationType::Resize(expr));
                } else if let ExprKind::MethodCall(path, _, _) = len_arg.kind && path.ident.as_str() == "capacity" {
                    self.slow_expression = Some(InitializationType::Resize(expr));
                }
            }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if give expression is `repeat(0).take(...)`
    fn is_repeat_take(&self, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
        if_chain! {
            if let ExprKind::MethodCall(take_path, take_args, _) = expr.kind;
            if take_path.ident.name == sym!(take);

            // Check that take is applied to `repeat(0)`
            if let Some(repeat_expr) = take_args.get(0);
            if self.is_repeat_zero(repeat_expr);

            if let Some(len_arg) = take_args.get(1);

            then {
                // Check that len expression is equals to `with_capacity` expression
                if SpanlessEq::new(self.cx).eq_expr(len_arg, self.vec_alloc.len_expr) {
                    return true;
                } else if let ExprKind::MethodCall(path, _, _) = len_arg.kind && path.ident.as_str() == "capacity" {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        false
    }

    /// Returns `true` if given expression is `repeat(0)`
    fn is_repeat_zero(&self, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
        if_chain! {
            if let ExprKind::Call(fn_expr, [repeat_arg]) = expr.kind;
            if is_expr_path_def_path(self.cx, fn_expr, &paths::ITER_REPEAT);
            if let ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) = repeat_arg.kind;
            if let LitKind::Int(0, _) = lit.node;

            then {
                true
            } else {
                false
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for VectorInitializationVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
    fn visit_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &'tcx Stmt<'_>) {
        if self.initialization_found {
            match stmt.kind {
                StmtKind::Expr(expr) | StmtKind::Semi(expr) => {
                    self.search_slow_extend_filling(expr);
                    self.search_slow_resize_filling(expr);
                },
                _ => (),
            }

            self.initialization_found = false;
        } else {
            walk_stmt(self, stmt);
        }
    }

    fn visit_block(&mut self, block: &'tcx Block<'_>) {
        if self.initialization_found {
            if let Some(s) = block.stmts.get(0) {
                self.visit_stmt(s);
            }

            self.initialization_found = false;
        } else {
            walk_block(self, block);
        }
    }

    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
        // Skip all the expressions previous to the vector initialization
        if self.vec_alloc.allocation_expr.hir_id == expr.hir_id {
            self.initialization_found = true;
        }

        walk_expr(self, expr);
    }
}