rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/misc.rs

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2018-10-06 16:18:06 +00:00
// Copyright 2014-2018 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
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use crate::consts::{constant, Constant};
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use crate::reexport::*;
use crate::utils::sugg::Sugg;
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use crate::utils::{
get_item_name, get_parent_expr, implements_trait, in_constant, in_macro, is_integer_literal, iter_input_pats,
last_path_segment, match_qpath, match_trait_method, paths, snippet, span_lint, span_lint_and_then, walk_ptrs_ty,
SpanlessEq,
};
use if_chain::if_chain;
use matches::matches;
use rustc::hir::intravisit::FnKind;
use rustc::hir::*;
use rustc::lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintArray, LintPass};
use rustc::ty;
use rustc::{declare_tool_lint, lint_array};
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use syntax::ast::LitKind;
use syntax::source_map::{ExpnFormat, Span};
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/// **What it does:** Checks for function arguments and let bindings denoted as
/// `ref`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The `ref` declaration makes the function take an owned
/// value, but turns the argument into a reference (which means that the value
/// is destroyed when exiting the function). This adds not much value: either
/// take a reference type, or take an owned value and create references in the
/// body.
///
/// For let bindings, `let x = &foo;` is preferred over `let ref x = foo`. The
/// type of `x` is more obvious with the former.
///
/// **Known problems:** If the argument is dereferenced within the function,
/// removing the `ref` will lead to errors. This can be fixed by removing the
/// dereferences, e.g. changing `*x` to `x` within the function.
///
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/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
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/// fn foo(ref x: u8) -> bool {
/// ..
/// }
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/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub TOPLEVEL_REF_ARG,
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style,
"an entire binding declared as `ref`, in a function argument or a `let` statement"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for comparisons to NaN.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** NaN does not compare meaningfully to anything not
/// even itself so those comparisons are simply wrong.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// x == NAN
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub CMP_NAN,
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correctness,
"comparisons to NAN, which will always return false, probably not intended"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for (in-)equality comparisons on floating-point
/// values (apart from zero), except in functions called `*eq*` (which probably
/// implement equality for a type involving floats).
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Floating point calculations are usually imprecise, so
/// asking if two values are *exactly* equal is asking for trouble. For a good
/// guide on what to do, see [the floating point
/// guide](http://www.floating-point-gui.de/errors/comparison).
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// y == 1.23f64
/// y != x // where both are floats
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub FLOAT_CMP,
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correctness,
"using `==` or `!=` on float values instead of comparing difference with an epsilon"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for conversions to owned values just for the sake
/// of a comparison.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The comparison can operate on a reference, so creating
/// an owned value effectively throws it away directly afterwards, which is
/// needlessly consuming code and heap space.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// x.to_owned() == y
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub CMP_OWNED,
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perf,
"creating owned instances for comparing with others, e.g. `x == \"foo\".to_string()`"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for getting the remainder of a division by one.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** The result can only ever be zero. No one will write
/// such code deliberately, unless trying to win an Underhanded Rust
/// Contest. Even for that contest, it's probably a bad idea. Use something more
/// underhanded.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// x % 1
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub MODULO_ONE,
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correctness,
"taking a number modulo 1, which always returns 0"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for patterns in the form `name @ _`.
///
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/// **Why is this bad?** It's almost always more readable to just use direct
/// bindings.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// match v {
/// Some(x) => (),
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/// y @ _ => (), // easier written as `y`,
/// }
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub REDUNDANT_PATTERN,
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style,
"using `name @ _` in a pattern"
}
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/// **What it does:** Checks for the use of bindings with a single leading
/// underscore.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** A single leading underscore is usually used to indicate
/// that a binding will not be used. Using such a binding breaks this
/// expectation.
///
/// **Known problems:** The lint does not work properly with desugaring and
/// macro, it has been allowed in the mean time.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let _x = 0;
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/// let y = _x + 1; // Here we are using `_x`, even though it has a leading
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/// // underscore. We should rename `_x` to `x`
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub USED_UNDERSCORE_BINDING,
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pedantic,
"using a binding which is prefixed with an underscore"
}
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/// **What it does:** Checks for the use of short circuit boolean conditions as
/// a
/// statement.
///
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/// **Why is this bad?** Using a short circuit boolean condition as a statement
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/// may hide the fact that the second part is executed or not depending on the
/// outcome of the first part.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
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/// f() && g(); // We should write `if f() { g(); }`.
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub SHORT_CIRCUIT_STATEMENT,
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complexity,
"using a short circuit boolean condition as a statement"
}
/// **What it does:** Catch casts from `0` to some pointer type
///
/// **Why is this bad?** This generally means `null` and is better expressed as
/// {`std`, `core`}`::ptr::`{`null`, `null_mut`}.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
///
/// ```rust
/// 0 as *const u32
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub ZERO_PTR,
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style,
"using 0 as *{const, mut} T"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for (in-)equality comparisons on floating-point
/// value and constant, except in functions called `*eq*` (which probably
/// implement equality for a type involving floats).
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Floating point calculations are usually imprecise, so
/// asking if two values are *exactly* equal is asking for trouble. For a good
/// guide on what to do, see [the floating point
/// guide](http://www.floating-point-gui.de/errors/comparison).
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// const ONE == 1.00f64
/// x == ONE // where both are floats
/// ```
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declare_clippy_lint! {
pub FLOAT_CMP_CONST,
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restriction,
"using `==` or `!=` on float constants instead of comparing difference with an epsilon"
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct Pass;
impl LintPass for Pass {
fn get_lints(&self) -> LintArray {
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lint_array!(
TOPLEVEL_REF_ARG,
CMP_NAN,
FLOAT_CMP,
CMP_OWNED,
MODULO_ONE,
REDUNDANT_PATTERN,
USED_UNDERSCORE_BINDING,
SHORT_CIRCUIT_STATEMENT,
ZERO_PTR,
FLOAT_CMP_CONST
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)
}
}
impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for Pass {
fn check_fn(
&mut self,
cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
k: FnKind<'tcx>,
decl: &'tcx FnDecl,
body: &'tcx Body,
_: Span,
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_: NodeId,
) {
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if let FnKind::Closure(_) = k {
// Does not apply to closures
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return;
}
for arg in iter_input_pats(decl, body) {
match arg.pat.node {
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PatKind::Binding(BindingAnnotation::Ref, _, _, _)
| PatKind::Binding(BindingAnnotation::RefMut, _, _, _) => {
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span_lint(
cx,
TOPLEVEL_REF_ARG,
arg.pat.span,
"`ref` directly on a function argument is ignored. Consider using a reference type \
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instead.",
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);
},
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_ => {},
}
}
}
fn check_stmt(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, s: &'tcx Stmt) {
if_chain! {
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if let StmtKind::Decl(ref d, _) = s.node;
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if let DeclKind::Local(ref l) = d.node;
if let PatKind::Binding(an, _, i, None) = l.pat.node;
if let Some(ref init) = l.init;
then {
if an == BindingAnnotation::Ref || an == BindingAnnotation::RefMut {
let init = Sugg::hir(cx, init, "..");
let (mutopt,initref) = if an == BindingAnnotation::RefMut {
("mut ", init.mut_addr())
} else {
("", init.addr())
};
let tyopt = if let Some(ref ty) = l.ty {
format!(": &{mutopt}{ty}", mutopt=mutopt, ty=snippet(cx, ty.span, "_"))
} else {
String::new()
};
span_lint_and_then(cx,
TOPLEVEL_REF_ARG,
l.pat.span,
"`ref` on an entire `let` pattern is discouraged, take a reference with `&` instead",
|db| {
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db.span_suggestion_with_applicability(
s.span,
"try",
format!(
"let {name}{tyopt} = {initref};",
name=snippet(cx, i.span, "_"),
tyopt=tyopt,
initref=initref,
),
Applicability::MachineApplicable, // snippet
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);
}
);
}
}
};
if_chain! {
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if let StmtKind::Semi(ref expr, _) = s.node;
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if let ExprKind::Binary(ref binop, ref a, ref b) = expr.node;
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if binop.node == BinOpKind::And || binop.node == BinOpKind::Or;
if let Some(sugg) = Sugg::hir_opt(cx, a);
then {
span_lint_and_then(cx,
SHORT_CIRCUIT_STATEMENT,
s.span,
"boolean short circuit operator in statement may be clearer using an explicit test",
|db| {
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let sugg = if binop.node == BinOpKind::Or { !sugg } else { sugg };
db.span_suggestion_with_applicability(
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s.span,
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"replace it with",
format!(
"if {} {{ {}; }}",
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sugg,
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&snippet(cx, b.span, ".."),
),
Applicability::MachineApplicable, // snippet
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);
});
}
};
}
fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr) {
match expr.node {
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ExprKind::Cast(ref e, ref ty) => {
check_cast(cx, expr.span, e, ty);
return;
},
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ExprKind::Binary(ref cmp, ref left, ref right) => {
let op = cmp.node;
if op.is_comparison() {
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if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, ref path)) = left.node {
check_nan(cx, path, expr);
}
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if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, ref path)) = right.node {
check_nan(cx, path, expr);
}
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check_to_owned(cx, left, right);
check_to_owned(cx, right, left);
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}
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if (op == BinOpKind::Eq || op == BinOpKind::Ne) && (is_float(cx, left) || is_float(cx, right)) {
if is_allowed(cx, left) || is_allowed(cx, right) {
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return;
}
if let Some(name) = get_item_name(cx, expr) {
let name = name.as_str();
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if name == "eq"
|| name == "ne"
|| name == "is_nan"
|| name.starts_with("eq_")
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|| name.ends_with("_eq")
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{
return;
}
}
let (lint, msg) = if is_named_constant(cx, left) || is_named_constant(cx, right) {
(FLOAT_CMP_CONST, "strict comparison of f32 or f64 constant")
} else {
(FLOAT_CMP, "strict comparison of f32 or f64")
};
span_lint_and_then(cx, lint, expr.span, msg, |db| {
let lhs = Sugg::hir(cx, left, "..");
let rhs = Sugg::hir(cx, right, "..");
db.span_suggestion_with_applicability(
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expr.span,
"consider comparing them within some error",
format!("({}).abs() < error", lhs - rhs),
Applicability::MachineApplicable, // snippet
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);
db.span_note(expr.span, "std::f32::EPSILON and std::f64::EPSILON are available.");
});
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} else if op == BinOpKind::Rem && is_integer_literal(right, 1) {
span_lint(cx, MODULO_ONE, expr.span, "any number modulo 1 will be 0");
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}
},
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_ => {},
}
if in_attributes_expansion(expr) {
// Don't lint things expanded by #[derive(...)], etc
return;
}
let binding = match expr.node {
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ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) => {
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let binding = last_path_segment(qpath).ident.as_str();
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if binding.starts_with('_') &&
!binding.starts_with("__") &&
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binding != "_result" && // FIXME: #944
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is_used(cx, expr) &&
// don't lint if the declaration is in a macro
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non_macro_local(cx, &cx.tables.qpath_def(qpath, expr.hir_id))
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{
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Some(binding)
} else {
None
}
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},
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ExprKind::Field(_, ident) => {
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let name = ident.as_str();
if name.starts_with('_') && !name.starts_with("__") {
Some(name)
} else {
None
}
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},
_ => None,
};
if let Some(binding) = binding {
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span_lint(
cx,
USED_UNDERSCORE_BINDING,
expr.span,
&format!(
"used binding `{}` which is prefixed with an underscore. A leading \
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underscore signals that a binding will not be used.",
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binding
),
);
}
}
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fn check_pat(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, pat: &'tcx Pat) {
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if let PatKind::Binding(_, _, ident, Some(ref right)) = pat.node {
if let PatKind::Wild = right.node {
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span_lint(
cx,
REDUNDANT_PATTERN,
pat.span,
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&format!(
"the `{} @ _` pattern can be written as just `{}`",
ident.name, ident.name
),
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);
}
}
}
}
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fn check_nan(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, path: &Path, expr: &Expr) {
if !in_constant(cx, expr.id) {
if let Some(seg) = path.segments.last() {
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if seg.ident.name == "NAN" {
span_lint(
cx,
CMP_NAN,
expr.span,
"doomed comparison with NAN, use `std::{f32,f64}::is_nan()` instead",
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);
}
}
}
}
fn is_named_constant<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr) -> bool {
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if let Some((_, res)) = constant(cx, cx.tables, expr) {
res
} else {
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false
}
}
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fn is_allowed<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr) -> bool {
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match constant(cx, cx.tables, expr) {
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Some((Constant::F32(f), _)) => f == 0.0 || f.is_infinite(),
Some((Constant::F64(f), _)) => f == 0.0 || f.is_infinite(),
_ => false,
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}
}
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fn is_float(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &Expr) -> bool {
matches!(walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(expr)).sty, ty::Float(_))
}
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fn check_to_owned(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &Expr, other: &Expr) {
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let (arg_ty, snip) = match expr.node {
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ExprKind::MethodCall(.., ref args) if args.len() == 1 => {
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if match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::TO_STRING) || match_trait_method(cx, expr, &paths::TO_OWNED) {
(cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(&args[0]), snippet(cx, args[0].span, ".."))
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} else {
return;
}
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},
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ExprKind::Call(ref path, ref v) if v.len() == 1 => {
if let ExprKind::Path(ref path) = path.node {
if match_qpath(path, &["String", "from_str"]) || match_qpath(path, &["String", "from"]) {
(cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(&v[0]), snippet(cx, v[0].span, ".."))
} else {
return;
}
} else {
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return;
}
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},
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_ => return,
};
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let other_ty = cx.tables.expr_ty_adjusted(other);
let partial_eq_trait_id = match cx.tcx.lang_items().eq_trait() {
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Some(id) => id,
None => return,
};
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let deref_arg_impl_partial_eq_other = arg_ty.builtin_deref(true).map_or(false, |tam| {
implements_trait(cx, tam.ty, partial_eq_trait_id, &[other_ty.into()])
});
let arg_impl_partial_eq_deref_other = other_ty.builtin_deref(true).map_or(false, |tam| {
implements_trait(cx, arg_ty, partial_eq_trait_id, &[tam.ty.into()])
});
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let arg_impl_partial_eq_other = implements_trait(cx, arg_ty, partial_eq_trait_id, &[other_ty.into()]);
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if !deref_arg_impl_partial_eq_other && !arg_impl_partial_eq_deref_other && !arg_impl_partial_eq_other {
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return;
}
let other_gets_derefed = match other.node {
ExprKind::Unary(UnDeref, _) => true,
_ => false,
};
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let lint_span = if other_gets_derefed {
expr.span.to(other.span)
} else {
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expr.span
};
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span_lint_and_then(
cx,
CMP_OWNED,
lint_span,
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"this creates an owned instance just for comparison",
|db| {
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// this also catches PartialEq implementations that call to_owned
if other_gets_derefed {
db.span_label(lint_span, "try implementing the comparison without allocating");
return;
}
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let try_hint = if deref_arg_impl_partial_eq_other {
// suggest deref on the left
format!("*{}", snip)
} else {
// suggest dropping the to_owned on the left
snip.to_string()
};
db.span_suggestion_with_applicability(
lint_span,
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"try",
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try_hint,
Applicability::MachineApplicable, // snippet
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);
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},
);
}
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/// Heuristic to see if an expression is used. Should be compatible with
/// `unused_variables`'s idea
/// of what it means for an expression to be "used".
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fn is_used(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, expr: &Expr) -> bool {
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if let Some(parent) = get_parent_expr(cx, expr) {
match parent.node {
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ExprKind::Assign(_, ref rhs) | ExprKind::AssignOp(_, _, ref rhs) => SpanlessEq::new(cx).eq_expr(rhs, expr),
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_ => is_used(cx, parent),
}
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} else {
true
}
}
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/// Test whether an expression is in a macro expansion (e.g. something
/// generated by
/// `#[derive(...)`] or the like).
fn in_attributes_expansion(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
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expr.span
.ctxt()
.outer()
.expn_info()
.map_or(false, |info| matches!(info.format, ExpnFormat::MacroAttribute(_)))
}
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/// Test whether `def` is a variable defined outside a macro.
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fn non_macro_local(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, def: &def::Def) -> bool {
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match *def {
def::Def::Local(id) | def::Def::Upvar(id, _, _) => !in_macro(cx.tcx.hir().span(id)),
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_ => false,
}
}
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fn check_cast(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, span: Span, e: &Expr, ty: &Ty) {
if_chain! {
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if let TyKind::Ptr(MutTy { mutbl, .. }) = ty.node;
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if let ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) = e.node;
if let LitKind::Int(value, ..) = lit.node;
if value == 0;
if !in_constant(cx, e.id);
then {
let msg = match mutbl {
Mutability::MutMutable => "`0 as *mut _` detected. Consider using `ptr::null_mut()`",
Mutability::MutImmutable => "`0 as *const _` detected. Consider using `ptr::null()`",
};
span_lint(cx, ZERO_PTR, span, msg);
}
}
}