rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_borrow.rs

//! Checks for needless address of operations (`&`)
//!
//! This lint is **warn** by default

use clippy_utils::diagnostics::span_lint_and_then;
use clippy_utils::source::{snippet_opt, snippet_with_applicability, snippet_with_context};
use clippy_utils::{get_parent_expr, in_macro, path_to_local};
use if_chain::if_chain;
use rustc_ast::util::parser::PREC_POSTFIX;
use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexMap;
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_hir::{BindingAnnotation, Body, BodyId, BorrowKind, Expr, ExprKind, HirId, Mutability, Pat, PatKind, UnOp};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
use rustc_middle::ty;
use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment};
use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
use rustc_span::Span;

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// ### What it does
    /// Checks for address of operations (`&`) that are going to
    /// be dereferenced immediately by the compiler.
    ///
    /// ### Why is this bad?
    /// Suggests that the receiver of the expression borrows
    /// the expression.
    ///
    /// ### Example
    /// ```rust
    /// // Bad
    /// let x: &i32 = &&&&&&5;
    ///
    /// // Good
    /// let x: &i32 = &5;
    /// ```
    pub NEEDLESS_BORROW,
    style,
    "taking a reference that is going to be automatically dereferenced"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// ### What it does
    /// Checks for `ref` bindings which create a reference to a reference.
    ///
    /// ### Why is this bad?
    /// The address-of operator at the use site is clearer about the need for a reference.
    ///
    /// ### Example
    /// ```rust
    /// // Bad
    /// let x = Some("");
    /// if let Some(ref x) = x {
    ///     // use `x` here
    /// }
    ///
    /// // Good
    /// let x = Some("");
    /// if let Some(x) = x {
    ///     // use `&x` here
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub REF_BINDING_TO_REFERENCE,
    pedantic,
    "`ref` binding to a reference"
}

impl_lint_pass!(NeedlessBorrow => [NEEDLESS_BORROW, REF_BINDING_TO_REFERENCE]);
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct NeedlessBorrow {
    /// The body the first local was found in. Used to emit lints when the traversal of the body has
    /// been finished. Note we can't lint at the end of every body as they can be nested within each
    /// other.
    current_body: Option<BodyId>,
    /// The list of locals currently being checked by the lint.
    /// If the value is `None`, then the binding has been seen as a ref pattern, but is not linted.
    /// This is needed for or patterns where one of the branches can be linted, but another can not
    /// be.
    ///
    /// e.g. `m!(x) | Foo::Bar(ref x)`
    ref_locals: FxIndexMap<HirId, Option<RefPat>>,
}

struct RefPat {
    /// Whether every usage of the binding is dereferenced.
    always_deref: bool,
    /// The spans of all the ref bindings for this local.
    spans: Vec<Span>,
    /// The applicability of this suggestion.
    app: Applicability,
    /// All the replacements which need to be made.
    replacements: Vec<(Span, String)>,
}

impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NeedlessBorrow {
    fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
        if let Some(local) = path_to_local(e) {
            self.check_local_usage(cx, e, local);
        }

        if e.span.from_expansion() {
            return;
        }
        if let ExprKind::AddrOf(BorrowKind::Ref, Mutability::Not, inner) = e.kind {
            if let ty::Ref(_, ty, _) = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(inner).kind() {
                for adj3 in cx.typeck_results().expr_adjustments(e).windows(3) {
                    if let [Adjustment {
                        kind: Adjust::Deref(_), ..
                    }, Adjustment {
                        kind: Adjust::Deref(_), ..
                    }, Adjustment {
                        kind: Adjust::Borrow(_),
                        ..
                    }] = *adj3
                    {
                        span_lint_and_then(
                            cx,
                            NEEDLESS_BORROW,
                            e.span,
                            &format!(
                                "this expression borrows a reference (`&{}`) that is immediately dereferenced \
                             by the compiler",
                                ty
                            ),
                            |diag| {
                                if let Some(snippet) = snippet_opt(cx, inner.span) {
                                    diag.span_suggestion(
                                        e.span,
                                        "change this to",
                                        snippet,
                                        Applicability::MachineApplicable,
                                    );
                                }
                            },
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn check_pat(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, pat: &'tcx Pat<'_>) {
        if let PatKind::Binding(BindingAnnotation::Ref, id, name, _) = pat.kind {
            if let Some(opt_prev_pat) = self.ref_locals.get_mut(&id) {
                // This binding id has been seen before. Add this pattern to the list of changes.
                if let Some(prev_pat) = opt_prev_pat {
                    if in_macro(pat.span) {
                        // Doesn't match the context of the previous pattern. Can't lint here.
                        *opt_prev_pat = None;
                    } else {
                        prev_pat.spans.push(pat.span);
                        prev_pat.replacements.push((
                            pat.span,
                            snippet_with_context(cx, name.span, pat.span.ctxt(), "..", &mut prev_pat.app)
                                .0
                                .into(),
                        ));
                    }
                }
                return;
            }

            if_chain! {
                if !in_macro(pat.span);
                if let ty::Ref(_, tam, _) = *cx.typeck_results().pat_ty(pat).kind();
                // only lint immutable refs, because borrowed `&mut T` cannot be moved out
                if let ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Not) = *tam.kind();
                then {
                    let mut app = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
                    let snip = snippet_with_context(cx, name.span, pat.span.ctxt(), "..", &mut app).0;
                    self.current_body = self.current_body.or(cx.enclosing_body);
                    self.ref_locals.insert(
                        id,
                        Some(RefPat {
                            always_deref: true,
                            spans: vec![pat.span],
                            app,
                            replacements: vec![(pat.span, snip.into())],
                        }),
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn check_body_post(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, body: &'tcx Body<'_>) {
        if Some(body.id()) == self.current_body {
            for pat in self.ref_locals.drain(..).filter_map(|(_, x)| x) {
                let replacements = pat.replacements;
                let app = pat.app;
                span_lint_and_then(
                    cx,
                    if pat.always_deref {
                        NEEDLESS_BORROW
                    } else {
                        REF_BINDING_TO_REFERENCE
                    },
                    pat.spans,
                    "this pattern creates a reference to a reference",
                    |diag| {
                        diag.multipart_suggestion("try this", replacements, app);
                    },
                );
            }
            self.current_body = None;
        }
    }
}
impl NeedlessBorrow {
    fn check_local_usage(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>, local: HirId) {
        if let Some(outer_pat) = self.ref_locals.get_mut(&local) {
            if let Some(pat) = outer_pat {
                // Check for auto-deref
                if !matches!(
                    cx.typeck_results().expr_adjustments(e),
                    [
                        Adjustment {
                            kind: Adjust::Deref(_),
                            ..
                        },
                        Adjustment {
                            kind: Adjust::Deref(_),
                            ..
                        },
                        ..
                    ]
                ) {
                    match get_parent_expr(cx, e) {
                        // Field accesses are the same no matter the number of references.
                        Some(Expr {
                            kind: ExprKind::Field(..),
                            ..
                        }) => (),
                        Some(&Expr {
                            span,
                            kind: ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Deref, _),
                            ..
                        }) if !in_macro(span) => {
                            // Remove explicit deref.
                            let snip = snippet_with_context(cx, e.span, span.ctxt(), "..", &mut pat.app).0;
                            pat.replacements.push((span, snip.into()));
                        },
                        Some(parent) if !in_macro(parent.span) => {
                            // Double reference might be needed at this point.
                            if parent.precedence().order() == PREC_POSTFIX {
                                // Parentheses would be needed here, don't lint.
                                *outer_pat = None;
                            } else {
                                pat.always_deref = false;
                                let snip = snippet_with_context(cx, e.span, parent.span.ctxt(), "..", &mut pat.app).0;
                                pat.replacements.push((e.span, format!("&{}", snip)));
                            }
                        },
                        _ if !in_macro(e.span) => {
                            // Double reference might be needed at this point.
                            pat.always_deref = false;
                            let snip = snippet_with_applicability(cx, e.span, "..", &mut pat.app);
                            pat.replacements.push((e.span, format!("&{}", snip)));
                        },
                        // Edge case for macros. The span of the identifier will usually match the context of the
                        // binding, but not if the identifier was created in a macro. e.g. `concat_idents` and proc
                        // macros
                        _ => *outer_pat = None,
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}