rust-analyzer/crates/hir-ty/src/diagnostics/match_check.rs

//! Validation of matches.
//!
//! This module provides lowering from [hir_def::hir::Pat] to [self::Pat] and match
//! checking algorithm.
//!
//! It is modeled on the rustc module `rustc_mir_build::thir::pattern`.

mod pat_util;

pub(crate) mod deconstruct_pat;
pub(crate) mod usefulness;

use chalk_ir::Mutability;
use hir_def::{
    body::Body, data::adt::VariantData, hir::PatId, AdtId, EnumVariantId, LocalFieldId, VariantId,
};
use hir_expand::name::Name;
use stdx::{always, never};

use crate::{
    db::HirDatabase,
    display::{HirDisplay, HirDisplayError, HirFormatter},
    infer::BindingMode,
    lang_items::is_box,
    InferenceResult, Interner, Substitution, Ty, TyExt, TyKind,
};

use self::pat_util::EnumerateAndAdjustIterator;

pub(crate) use self::usefulness::MatchArm;

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub(crate) enum PatternError {
    Unimplemented,
    UnexpectedType,
    UnresolvedVariant,
    MissingField,
    ExtraFields,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) struct FieldPat {
    pub(crate) field: LocalFieldId,
    pub(crate) pattern: Pat,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) struct Pat {
    pub(crate) ty: Ty,
    pub(crate) kind: Box<PatKind>,
}

/// Close relative to `rustc_mir_build::thir::pattern::PatKind`
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) enum PatKind {
    Wild,

    /// `x`, `ref x`, `x @ P`, etc.
    Binding {
        name: Name,
        subpattern: Option<Pat>,
    },

    /// `Foo(...)` or `Foo{...}` or `Foo`, where `Foo` is a variant name from an ADT with
    /// multiple variants.
    Variant {
        substs: Substitution,
        enum_variant: EnumVariantId,
        subpatterns: Vec<FieldPat>,
    },

    /// `(...)`, `Foo(...)`, `Foo{...}`, or `Foo`, where `Foo` is a variant name from an ADT with
    /// a single variant.
    Leaf {
        subpatterns: Vec<FieldPat>,
    },

    /// `box P`, `&P`, `&mut P`, etc.
    Deref {
        subpattern: Pat,
    },

    // FIXME: for now, only bool literals are implemented
    LiteralBool {
        value: bool,
    },

    /// An or-pattern, e.g. `p | q`.
    /// Invariant: `pats.len() >= 2`.
    Or {
        pats: Vec<Pat>,
    },
}

pub(crate) struct PatCtxt<'a> {
    db: &'a dyn HirDatabase,
    infer: &'a InferenceResult,
    body: &'a Body,
    pub(crate) errors: Vec<PatternError>,
}

impl<'a> PatCtxt<'a> {
    pub(crate) fn new(db: &'a dyn HirDatabase, infer: &'a InferenceResult, body: &'a Body) -> Self {
        Self { db, infer, body, errors: Vec::new() }
    }

    pub(crate) fn lower_pattern(&mut self, pat: PatId) -> Pat {
        // XXX(iDawer): Collecting pattern adjustments feels imprecise to me.
        // When lowering of & and box patterns are implemented this should be tested
        // in a manner of `match_ergonomics_issue_9095` test.
        // Pattern adjustment is part of RFC 2005-match-ergonomics.
        // More info https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/42640#issuecomment-313535089
        let unadjusted_pat = self.lower_pattern_unadjusted(pat);
        self.infer.pat_adjustments.get(&pat).map(|it| &**it).unwrap_or_default().iter().rev().fold(
            unadjusted_pat,
            |subpattern, ref_ty| Pat {
                ty: ref_ty.clone(),
                kind: Box::new(PatKind::Deref { subpattern }),
            },
        )
    }

    fn lower_pattern_unadjusted(&mut self, pat: PatId) -> Pat {
        let mut ty = &self.infer[pat];
        let variant = self.infer.variant_resolution_for_pat(pat);

        let kind = match self.body[pat] {
            hir_def::hir::Pat::Wild => PatKind::Wild,

            hir_def::hir::Pat::Lit(expr) => self.lower_lit(expr),

            hir_def::hir::Pat::Path(ref path) => {
                return self.lower_path(pat, path);
            }

            hir_def::hir::Pat::Tuple { ref args, ellipsis } => {
                let arity = match *ty.kind(Interner) {
                    TyKind::Tuple(arity, _) => arity,
                    _ => {
                        never!("unexpected type for tuple pattern: {:?}", ty);
                        self.errors.push(PatternError::UnexpectedType);
                        return Pat { ty: ty.clone(), kind: PatKind::Wild.into() };
                    }
                };
                let subpatterns = self.lower_tuple_subpats(args, arity, ellipsis);
                PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
            }

            hir_def::hir::Pat::Bind { id, subpat, .. } => {
                let bm = self.infer.binding_modes[pat];
                ty = &self.infer[id];
                let name = &self.body.bindings[id].name;
                match (bm, ty.kind(Interner)) {
                    (BindingMode::Ref(_), TyKind::Ref(.., rty)) => ty = rty,
                    (BindingMode::Ref(_), _) => {
                        never!("`ref {}` has wrong type {:?}", name.display(self.db.upcast()), ty);
                        self.errors.push(PatternError::UnexpectedType);
                        return Pat { ty: ty.clone(), kind: PatKind::Wild.into() };
                    }
                    _ => (),
                }
                PatKind::Binding { name: name.clone(), subpattern: self.lower_opt_pattern(subpat) }
            }

            hir_def::hir::Pat::TupleStruct { ref args, ellipsis, .. } if variant.is_some() => {
                let expected_len = variant.unwrap().variant_data(self.db.upcast()).fields().len();
                let subpatterns = self.lower_tuple_subpats(args, expected_len, ellipsis);
                self.lower_variant_or_leaf(pat, ty, subpatterns)
            }

            hir_def::hir::Pat::Record { ref args, .. } if variant.is_some() => {
                let variant_data = variant.unwrap().variant_data(self.db.upcast());
                let subpatterns = args
                    .iter()
                    .map(|field| {
                        // XXX(iDawer): field lookup is inefficient
                        variant_data.field(&field.name).map(|lfield_id| FieldPat {
                            field: lfield_id,
                            pattern: self.lower_pattern(field.pat),
                        })
                    })
                    .collect();
                match subpatterns {
                    Some(subpatterns) => self.lower_variant_or_leaf(pat, ty, subpatterns),
                    None => {
                        self.errors.push(PatternError::MissingField);
                        PatKind::Wild
                    }
                }
            }
            hir_def::hir::Pat::TupleStruct { .. } | hir_def::hir::Pat::Record { .. } => {
                self.errors.push(PatternError::UnresolvedVariant);
                PatKind::Wild
            }

            hir_def::hir::Pat::Or(ref pats) => PatKind::Or { pats: self.lower_patterns(pats) },

            _ => {
                self.errors.push(PatternError::Unimplemented);
                PatKind::Wild
            }
        };

        Pat { ty: ty.clone(), kind: Box::new(kind) }
    }

    fn lower_tuple_subpats(
        &mut self,
        pats: &[PatId],
        expected_len: usize,
        ellipsis: Option<usize>,
    ) -> Vec<FieldPat> {
        if pats.len() > expected_len {
            self.errors.push(PatternError::ExtraFields);
            return Vec::new();
        }

        pats.iter()
            .enumerate_and_adjust(expected_len, ellipsis)
            .map(|(i, &subpattern)| FieldPat {
                field: LocalFieldId::from_raw((i as u32).into()),
                pattern: self.lower_pattern(subpattern),
            })
            .collect()
    }

    fn lower_patterns(&mut self, pats: &[PatId]) -> Vec<Pat> {
        pats.iter().map(|&p| self.lower_pattern(p)).collect()
    }

    fn lower_opt_pattern(&mut self, pat: Option<PatId>) -> Option<Pat> {
        pat.map(|p| self.lower_pattern(p))
    }

    fn lower_variant_or_leaf(
        &mut self,
        pat: PatId,
        ty: &Ty,
        subpatterns: Vec<FieldPat>,
    ) -> PatKind {
        let kind = match self.infer.variant_resolution_for_pat(pat) {
            Some(variant_id) => {
                if let VariantId::EnumVariantId(enum_variant) = variant_id {
                    let substs = match ty.kind(Interner) {
                        TyKind::Adt(_, substs) => substs.clone(),
                        kind => {
                            always!(
                                matches!(kind, TyKind::FnDef(..) | TyKind::Error),
                                "inappropriate type for def: {:?}",
                                ty
                            );
                            self.errors.push(PatternError::UnexpectedType);
                            return PatKind::Wild;
                        }
                    };
                    PatKind::Variant { substs, enum_variant, subpatterns }
                } else {
                    PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
                }
            }
            None => {
                self.errors.push(PatternError::UnresolvedVariant);
                PatKind::Wild
            }
        };
        kind
    }

    fn lower_path(&mut self, pat: PatId, _path: &hir_def::path::Path) -> Pat {
        let ty = &self.infer[pat];

        let pat_from_kind = |kind| Pat { ty: ty.clone(), kind: Box::new(kind) };

        match self.infer.variant_resolution_for_pat(pat) {
            Some(_) => pat_from_kind(self.lower_variant_or_leaf(pat, ty, Vec::new())),
            None => {
                self.errors.push(PatternError::UnresolvedVariant);
                pat_from_kind(PatKind::Wild)
            }
        }
    }

    fn lower_lit(&mut self, expr: hir_def::hir::ExprId) -> PatKind {
        use hir_def::hir::{Expr, Literal::Bool};

        match self.body[expr] {
            Expr::Literal(Bool(value)) => PatKind::LiteralBool { value },
            _ => {
                self.errors.push(PatternError::Unimplemented);
                PatKind::Wild
            }
        }
    }
}

impl HirDisplay for Pat {
    fn hir_fmt(&self, f: &mut HirFormatter<'_>) -> Result<(), HirDisplayError> {
        match &*self.kind {
            PatKind::Wild => write!(f, "_"),
            PatKind::Binding { name, subpattern } => {
                write!(f, "{}", name.display(f.db.upcast()))?;
                if let Some(subpattern) = subpattern {
                    write!(f, " @ ")?;
                    subpattern.hir_fmt(f)?;
                }
                Ok(())
            }
            PatKind::Variant { subpatterns, .. } | PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns } => {
                let variant = match *self.kind {
                    PatKind::Variant { enum_variant, .. } => Some(VariantId::from(enum_variant)),
                    _ => self.ty.as_adt().and_then(|(adt, _)| match adt {
                        AdtId::StructId(s) => Some(s.into()),
                        AdtId::UnionId(u) => Some(u.into()),
                        AdtId::EnumId(_) => None,
                    }),
                };

                if let Some(variant) = variant {
                    match variant {
                        VariantId::EnumVariantId(v) => {
                            let data = f.db.enum_data(v.parent);
                            write!(f, "{}", data.variants[v.local_id].name.display(f.db.upcast()))?;
                        }
                        VariantId::StructId(s) => {
                            write!(f, "{}", f.db.struct_data(s).name.display(f.db.upcast()))?
                        }
                        VariantId::UnionId(u) => {
                            write!(f, "{}", f.db.union_data(u).name.display(f.db.upcast()))?
                        }
                    };

                    let variant_data = variant.variant_data(f.db.upcast());
                    if let VariantData::Record(rec_fields) = &*variant_data {
                        write!(f, " {{ ")?;

                        let mut printed = 0;
                        let subpats = subpatterns
                            .iter()
                            .filter(|p| !matches!(*p.pattern.kind, PatKind::Wild))
                            .map(|p| {
                                printed += 1;
                                WriteWith(move |f| {
                                    write!(
                                        f,
                                        "{}: ",
                                        rec_fields[p.field].name.display(f.db.upcast())
                                    )?;
                                    p.pattern.hir_fmt(f)
                                })
                            });
                        f.write_joined(subpats, ", ")?;

                        if printed < rec_fields.len() {
                            write!(f, "{}..", if printed > 0 { ", " } else { "" })?;
                        }

                        return write!(f, " }}");
                    }
                }

                let num_fields = variant
                    .map_or(subpatterns.len(), |v| v.variant_data(f.db.upcast()).fields().len());
                if num_fields != 0 || variant.is_none() {
                    write!(f, "(")?;
                    let subpats = (0..num_fields).map(|i| {
                        WriteWith(move |f| {
                            let fid = LocalFieldId::from_raw((i as u32).into());
                            if let Some(p) = subpatterns.get(i) {
                                if p.field == fid {
                                    return p.pattern.hir_fmt(f);
                                }
                            }
                            if let Some(p) = subpatterns.iter().find(|p| p.field == fid) {
                                p.pattern.hir_fmt(f)
                            } else {
                                write!(f, "_")
                            }
                        })
                    });
                    f.write_joined(subpats, ", ")?;
                    if let (TyKind::Tuple(..), 1) = (self.ty.kind(Interner), num_fields) {
                        write!(f, ",")?;
                    }
                    write!(f, ")")?;
                }

                Ok(())
            }
            PatKind::Deref { subpattern } => {
                match self.ty.kind(Interner) {
                    TyKind::Adt(adt, _) if is_box(f.db, adt.0) => write!(f, "box ")?,
                    &TyKind::Ref(mutbl, ..) => {
                        write!(f, "&{}", if mutbl == Mutability::Mut { "mut " } else { "" })?
                    }
                    _ => never!("{:?} is a bad Deref pattern type", self.ty),
                }
                subpattern.hir_fmt(f)
            }
            PatKind::LiteralBool { value } => write!(f, "{value}"),
            PatKind::Or { pats } => f.write_joined(pats.iter(), " | "),
        }
    }
}

struct WriteWith<F>(F)
where
    F: Fn(&mut HirFormatter<'_>) -> Result<(), HirDisplayError>;

impl<F> HirDisplay for WriteWith<F>
where
    F: Fn(&mut HirFormatter<'_>) -> Result<(), HirDisplayError>,
{
    fn hir_fmt(&self, f: &mut HirFormatter<'_>) -> Result<(), HirDisplayError> {
        (self.0)(f)
    }
}

pub(crate) trait PatternFoldable: Sized {
    fn fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        self.super_fold_with(folder)
    }

    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self;
}

pub(crate) trait PatternFolder: Sized {
    fn fold_pattern(&mut self, pattern: &Pat) -> Pat {
        pattern.super_fold_with(self)
    }

    fn fold_pattern_kind(&mut self, kind: &PatKind) -> PatKind {
        kind.super_fold_with(self)
    }
}

impl<T: PatternFoldable> PatternFoldable for Box<T> {
    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        let content: T = (**self).fold_with(folder);
        Box::new(content)
    }
}

impl<T: PatternFoldable> PatternFoldable for Vec<T> {
    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        self.iter().map(|t| t.fold_with(folder)).collect()
    }
}

impl<T: PatternFoldable> PatternFoldable for Option<T> {
    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        self.as_ref().map(|t| t.fold_with(folder))
    }
}

macro_rules! clone_impls {
    ($($ty:ty),+) => {
        $(
            impl PatternFoldable for $ty {
                fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, _: &mut F) -> Self {
                    Clone::clone(self)
                }
            }
        )+
    }
}

clone_impls! { LocalFieldId, Ty, Substitution, EnumVariantId }

impl PatternFoldable for FieldPat {
    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        FieldPat { field: self.field.fold_with(folder), pattern: self.pattern.fold_with(folder) }
    }
}

impl PatternFoldable for Pat {
    fn fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        folder.fold_pattern(self)
    }

    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        Pat { ty: self.ty.fold_with(folder), kind: self.kind.fold_with(folder) }
    }
}

impl PatternFoldable for PatKind {
    fn fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        folder.fold_pattern_kind(self)
    }

    fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
        match self {
            PatKind::Wild => PatKind::Wild,
            PatKind::Binding { name, subpattern } => {
                PatKind::Binding { name: name.clone(), subpattern: subpattern.fold_with(folder) }
            }
            PatKind::Variant { substs, enum_variant, subpatterns } => PatKind::Variant {
                substs: substs.fold_with(folder),
                enum_variant: enum_variant.fold_with(folder),
                subpatterns: subpatterns.fold_with(folder),
            },
            PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns } => {
                PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns: subpatterns.fold_with(folder) }
            }
            PatKind::Deref { subpattern } => {
                PatKind::Deref { subpattern: subpattern.fold_with(folder) }
            }
            &PatKind::LiteralBool { value } => PatKind::LiteralBool { value },
            PatKind::Or { pats } => PatKind::Or { pats: pats.fold_with(folder) },
        }
    }
}