mirror of
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-analyzer
synced 2024-11-16 09:48:10 +00:00
417 lines
17 KiB
Text
417 lines
17 KiB
Text
= User Manual
|
|
:toc: preamble
|
|
:sectanchors:
|
|
:page-layout: post
|
|
:icons: font
|
|
:source-highlighter: rouge
|
|
:experimental:
|
|
|
|
// Master copy of this document lives in the https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer repository
|
|
|
|
At its core, rust-analyzer is a *library* for semantic analysis of Rust code as it changes over time.
|
|
This manual focuses on a specific usage of the library -- running it as part of a server that implements the
|
|
https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/[Language Server Protocol] (LSP).
|
|
The LSP allows various code editors, like VS Code, Emacs or Vim, to implement semantic features like completion or goto definition by talking to an external language server process.
|
|
|
|
[TIP]
|
|
====
|
|
[.lead]
|
|
To improve this document, send a pull request: +
|
|
https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/blob/master/docs/user/manual.adoc[https://github.com/rust-analyzer/.../manual.adoc]
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
If you have questions about using rust-analyzer, please ask them in the https://users.rust-lang.org/c/ide/14["`IDEs and Editors`"] topic of Rust users forum.
|
|
|
|
== Installation
|
|
|
|
In theory, one should be able to just install the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>> and have it automatically work with any editor.
|
|
We are not there yet, so some editor specific setup is required.
|
|
|
|
Additionally, rust-analyzer needs the sources of the standard library.
|
|
If the source code is not present, rust-analyzer will attempt to install it automatically.
|
|
|
|
To add the sources manually, run the following command:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
$ rustup component add rust-src
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== VS Code
|
|
|
|
This is the best supported editor at the moment.
|
|
The rust-analyzer plugin for VS Code is maintained
|
|
https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/tree/master/editors/code[in tree].
|
|
|
|
You can install the latest release of the plugin from
|
|
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=matklad.rust-analyzer[the marketplace].
|
|
By default, the plugin will prompt you to download the matching version of the server as well:
|
|
|
|
image::https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9021944/75067008-17502500-54ba-11ea-835a-f92aac50e866.png[]
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
====
|
|
To disable this notification put the following to `settings.json`
|
|
|
|
[source,json]
|
|
----
|
|
{ "rust-analyzer.updates.askBeforeDownload": false }
|
|
----
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
The server binary is stored in:
|
|
|
|
* Linux: `~/.config/Code/User/globalStorage/matklad.rust-analyzer`
|
|
* macOS: `~/Library/Application\ Support/Code/User/globalStorage/matklad.rust-analyzer`
|
|
* Windows: `%APPDATA%\Code\User\globalStorage\matklad.rust-analyzer`
|
|
|
|
Note that we only support two most recent versions of VS Code.
|
|
|
|
==== Updates
|
|
|
|
The extension will be updated automatically as new versions become available. It will ask your permission to download the matching language server version binary if needed.
|
|
|
|
===== Nightly
|
|
|
|
We ship nightly releases for VS Code. To help us out with testing the newest code and follow the bleeding edge of our `master`, please use the following config:
|
|
|
|
[source,json]
|
|
----
|
|
{ "rust-analyzer.updates.channel": "nightly" }
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
You will be prompted to install the `nightly` extension version. Just click `Download now` and from that moment you will get automatic updates every 24 hours.
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to be asked for `Download now` every day when the new nightly version is released add the following to your `settings.json`:
|
|
[source,json]
|
|
----
|
|
{ "rust-analyzer.updates.askBeforeDownload": false }
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
NOTE: Nightly extension should **only** be installed via the `Download now` action from VS Code.
|
|
|
|
==== Building From Source
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, both the server and the plugin can be installed from source:
|
|
|
|
[source]
|
|
----
|
|
$ git clone https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer.git && cd rust-analyzer
|
|
$ cargo xtask install
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
You'll need Cargo, nodejs and npm for this.
|
|
|
|
Note that installing via `xtask install` does not work for VS Code Remote, instead you'll need to install the `.vsix` manually.
|
|
|
|
==== Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
Here are some useful self-diagnostic commands:
|
|
|
|
* **Rust Analyzer: Show RA Version** shows the version of `rust-analyzer` binary
|
|
* **Rust Analyzer: Status** prints some statistics about the server, like the few latest LSP requests
|
|
* To enable server-side logging, run with `env RA_LOG=info` and see `Output > Rust Analyzer Language Server` in VS Code's panel.
|
|
* To log all LSP requests, add `"rust-analyzer.trace.server": "verbose"` to the settings and look for `Rust Analyzer Language Server Trace` in the panel.
|
|
* To enable client-side logging, add `"rust-analyzer.trace.extension": true` to the settings and open `Output > Rust Analyzer Client` in the panel.
|
|
|
|
=== rust-analyzer Language Server Binary
|
|
|
|
Other editors generally require the `rust-analyzer` binary to be in `$PATH`.
|
|
You can download the pre-built binary from the https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/releases[releases] page.
|
|
Typically, you then need to rename the binary for your platform, e.g. `rust-analyzer-mac` if you're on Mac OS, to `rust-analyzer` and make it executable in addition to moving it into a directory in your `$PATH`.
|
|
|
|
On Linux to install the `rust-analyzer` binary into `~/.local/bin`, this commands could be used
|
|
|
|
[source,bash]
|
|
----
|
|
$ curl -L https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/releases/latest/download/rust-analyzer-linux -o ~/.local/bin/rust-analyzer
|
|
$ chmod +x ~/.local/bin/rust-analyzer
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Ensure `~/.local/bin` is listed in the `$PATH` variable.
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, you can install it from source using the following command:
|
|
|
|
[source,bash]
|
|
----
|
|
$ git clone https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer.git && cd rust-analyzer
|
|
$ cargo xtask install --server
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
If your editor can't find the binary even though the binary is on your `$PATH`, the likely explanation is that it doesn't see the same `$PATH` as the shell, see https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/issues/1811[this issue].
|
|
On Unix, running the editor from a shell or changing the `.desktop` file to set the environment should help.
|
|
|
|
==== Arch Linux
|
|
|
|
The `rust-analyzer` binary can be installed from the repos or AUR (Arch User Repository):
|
|
|
|
- https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/rust-analyzer/[`rust-analyzer`] (built from latest tagged source)
|
|
- https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/rust-analyzer-git[`rust-analyzer-git`] (latest Git version)
|
|
|
|
Install it with pacman, for example:
|
|
|
|
[source,bash]
|
|
----
|
|
$ pacman -S rust-analyzer
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
=== Emacs
|
|
|
|
Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>.
|
|
|
|
Emacs support is maintained as part of the https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode[Emacs-LSP] package in https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode/blob/master/lsp-rust.el[lsp-rust.el].
|
|
|
|
1. Install the most recent version of `emacs-lsp` package by following the https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode[Emacs-LSP instructions].
|
|
2. Set `lsp-rust-server` to `'rust-analyzer`.
|
|
3. Run `lsp` in a Rust buffer.
|
|
4. (Optionally) bind commands like `lsp-rust-analyzer-join-lines`, `lsp-extend-selection` and `lsp-rust-analyzer-expand-macro` to keys.
|
|
|
|
=== Vim/NeoVim
|
|
|
|
Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>. Not needed if the extension can install/update it on its own, coc-rust-analyzer is one example.
|
|
|
|
The are several LSP client implementations for vim or neovim:
|
|
|
|
==== coc-rust-analyzer
|
|
|
|
1. Install coc.nvim by following the instructions at
|
|
https://github.com/neoclide/coc.nvim[coc.nvim]
|
|
(Node.js required)
|
|
2. Run `:CocInstall coc-rust-analyzer` to install
|
|
https://github.com/fannheyward/coc-rust-analyzer[coc-rust-analyzer],
|
|
this extension implements _most_ of the features supported in the VSCode extension:
|
|
* automatically install and upgrade stable/nightly releases
|
|
* same configurations as VSCode extension, `rust-analyzer.serverPath`, `rust-analyzer.cargo.features` etc.
|
|
* same commands too, `rust-analyzer.analyzerStatus`, `rust-analyzer.ssr` etc.
|
|
* inlay hints for method chaining support, _Neovim Only_
|
|
* semantic highlighting is not implemented yet
|
|
|
|
==== LanguageClient-neovim
|
|
|
|
1. Install LanguageClient-neovim by following the instructions
|
|
https://github.com/autozimu/LanguageClient-neovim[here]
|
|
* The GitHub project wiki has extra tips on configuration
|
|
|
|
2. Configure by adding this to your vim/neovim config file (replacing the existing Rust-specific line if it exists):
|
|
+
|
|
[source,vim]
|
|
----
|
|
let g:LanguageClient_serverCommands = {
|
|
\ 'rust': ['rust-analyzer'],
|
|
\ }
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
==== YouCompleteMe
|
|
|
|
1. Install YouCompleteMe by following the instructions
|
|
https://github.com/ycm-core/lsp-examples#rust-rust-analyzer[here]
|
|
|
|
2. Configure by adding this to your vim/neovim config file (replacing the existing Rust-specific line if it exists):
|
|
+
|
|
[source,vim]
|
|
----
|
|
let g:ycm_language_server =
|
|
\ [
|
|
\ {
|
|
\ 'name': 'rust',
|
|
\ 'cmdline': ['rust-analyzer'],
|
|
\ 'filetypes': ['rust'],
|
|
\ 'project_root_files': ['Cargo.toml']
|
|
\ }
|
|
\ ]
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
==== ALE
|
|
|
|
To use the LSP server in https://github.com/dense-analysis/ale[ale]:
|
|
|
|
[source,vim]
|
|
----
|
|
let g:ale_linters = {'rust': ['analyzer']}
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
==== nvim-lsp
|
|
|
|
NeoVim 0.5 (not yet released) has built-in language server support.
|
|
For a quick start configuration of rust-analyzer, use https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lsp#rust_analyzer[neovim/nvim-lsp].
|
|
Once `neovim/nvim-lsp` is installed, use `+lua require'nvim_lsp'.rust_analyzer.setup({})+` in your `init.vim`.
|
|
|
|
=== Sublime Text 3
|
|
|
|
Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>.
|
|
|
|
You also need the `LSP` package. To install it:
|
|
|
|
1. If you've never installed a Sublime Text package, install Package Control:
|
|
* Open the command palette (Win/Linux: `ctrl+shift+p`, Mac: `cmd+shift+p`)
|
|
* Type `Install Package Control`, press enter
|
|
2. In the command palette, run `Package control: Install package`, and in the list that pops up, type `LSP` and press enter.
|
|
|
|
Finally, with your Rust project open, in the command palette, run `LSP: Enable Language Server In Project` or `LSP: Enable Language Server Globally`, then select `rust-analyzer` in the list that pops up to enable the rust-analyzer LSP. The latter means that rust-analyzer is enabled by default in Rust projects.
|
|
|
|
If it worked, you should see "rust-analyzer, Line X, Column Y" on the left side of the bottom bar, and after waiting a bit, functionality like tooltips on hovering over variables should become available.
|
|
|
|
If you get an error saying `No such file or directory: 'rust-analyzer'`, see the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>> section on installing the language server binary.
|
|
|
|
=== GNOME Builder
|
|
|
|
Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>.
|
|
|
|
Gnome Builder currently has support for RLS, and there's no way to configure the language server executable. A future version might support `rust-analyzer` out of the box.
|
|
|
|
1. Rename, symlink or copy the `rust-analyzer` binary to `rls` and place it somewhere Builder can find (in `PATH`, or under `~/.cargo/bin`).
|
|
2. Enable the Rust Builder plugin.
|
|
|
|
==== GNOME Builder (Nightly)
|
|
|
|
https://nightly.gnome.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Builder.flatpakref[GNOME Builder (Nightly)] has now native support for `rust-analyzer` out of the box. If the `rust-analyzer` binary is not available, GNOME Builder can install it when opening a Rust source file.
|
|
|
|
== Non-Cargo Based Projects
|
|
|
|
rust-analyzer does not require Cargo.
|
|
However, if you use some other build system, you'll have to describe the structure of your project for rust-analyzer in the `rust-project.json` format:
|
|
|
|
[source,TypeScript]
|
|
----
|
|
interface JsonProject {
|
|
/// The set of crates comprising the current project.
|
|
/// Must include all transitive dependencies as well as sysroot crate (libstd, libcore and such).
|
|
crates: Crate[];
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
interface Crate {
|
|
/// Path to the root module of the crate.
|
|
root_module: string;
|
|
/// Edition of the crate.
|
|
edition: "2015" | "2018";
|
|
/// Dependencies
|
|
deps: Dep[];
|
|
/// Should this crate be treated as a member of current "workspace".
|
|
///
|
|
/// By default, inferred from the `root_module` (members are the crates which reside
|
|
/// inside the directory opened in the editor).
|
|
///
|
|
/// Set this to `false` for things like standard library and 3rd party crates to
|
|
/// enable performance optimizations (rust-analyzer assumes that non-member crates
|
|
/// don't change).
|
|
is_workspace_member?: boolean;
|
|
/// Optionally specify the (super)set of `.rs` files comprising this crate.
|
|
///
|
|
/// By default, rust-analyzer assumes that only files under `root_module.parent` can belong to a crate.
|
|
/// `include_dirs` are included recursively, unless a subdirectory is in `exclude_dirs`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// Different crates can share the same `source`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// If two crates share an `.rs` file in common, they *must* have the same `source`.
|
|
/// rust-analyzer assumes that files from one source can't refer to files in another source.
|
|
source?: {
|
|
include_dirs: string[],
|
|
exclude_dirs: string[],
|
|
},
|
|
/// The set of cfgs activated for a given crate, like `["unix", "feature=foo", "feature=bar"]`.
|
|
cfg: string[];
|
|
/// Target triple for this Crate.
|
|
///
|
|
/// Used when running `rustc --print cfg` to get target-specific cfgs.
|
|
target?: string;
|
|
/// Environment variables, used for the `env!` macro
|
|
env: : { [key: string]: string; },
|
|
|
|
/// For proc-macro crates, path to compiles proc-macro (.so file).
|
|
proc_macro_dylib_path?: string;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
interface Dep {
|
|
/// Index of a crate in the `crates` array.
|
|
crate: number,
|
|
/// Name as should appear in the (implicit) `extern crate name` declaration.
|
|
name: string,
|
|
}
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
This format is provisional and subject to change.
|
|
Specifically, the `roots` setup will be different eventually.
|
|
|
|
There are tree ways to feed `rust-project.json` to rust-analyzer:
|
|
|
|
* Place `rust-project.json` file at the root of the project, and rust-anlayzer will discover it.
|
|
* Specify `"rust-analyzer.linkedProjects": [ "path/to/rust-project.json" ]` in the settings (and make sure that your LSP client sends settings as a part of initialize request).
|
|
* Specify `"rust-analyzer.linkedProjects": [ { "roots": [...], "crates": [...] }]` inline.
|
|
|
|
Relative paths are interpreted relative to `rust-project.json` file location or (for inline JSON) relative to `rootUri`.
|
|
|
|
See https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-project.json-example for a small example.
|
|
|
|
== Features
|
|
|
|
include::./generated_features.adoc[]
|
|
|
|
== Assists (Code Actions)
|
|
|
|
Assists, or code actions, are small local refactorings, available in a particular context.
|
|
They are usually triggered by a shortcut or by clicking a light bulb icon in the editor.
|
|
Cursor position or selection is signified by `┃` character.
|
|
|
|
include::./generated_assists.adoc[]
|
|
|
|
== Editor Features
|
|
=== VS Code
|
|
==== Special `when` clause context for keybindings.
|
|
You may use `inRustProject` context to configure keybindings for rust projects only. For example:
|
|
[source,json]
|
|
----
|
|
{
|
|
"key": "ctrl+i",
|
|
"command": "rust-analyzer.toggleInlayHints",
|
|
"when": "inRustProject"
|
|
}
|
|
----
|
|
More about `when` clause contexts https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/getstarted/keybindings#_when-clause-contexts[here].
|
|
|
|
==== Setting runnable environment variables
|
|
You can use "rust-analyzer.runnableEnv" setting to define runnable environment-specific substitution variables.
|
|
The simplest way for all runnables in a bunch:
|
|
```jsonc
|
|
"rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": {
|
|
"RUN_SLOW_TESTS": "1"
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Or it is possible to specify vars more granularly:
|
|
```jsonc
|
|
"rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": [
|
|
{
|
|
// "mask": null, // null mask means that this rule will be applied for all runnables
|
|
env: {
|
|
"APP_ID": "1",
|
|
"APP_DATA": "asdf"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"mask": "test_name",
|
|
"env": {
|
|
"APP_ID": "2", // overwrites only APP_ID
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can use any valid RegExp as a mask. Also note that a full runnable name is something like *run bin_or_example_name*, *test some::mod::test_name* or *test-mod some::mod*, so it is possible to distinguish binaries, single tests, and test modules with this masks: `"^run"`, `"^test "` (the trailing space matters!), and `"^test-mod"` respectively.
|
|
|
|
==== Compiler feedback from external commands
|
|
|
|
Instead of relying on the built-in `cargo check`, you can configure Code to run a command in the background and use the `$rustc-watch` problem matcher to generate inline error markers from its output.
|
|
|
|
To do this you need to create a new https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks[VS Code Task] and set `rust-analyzer.checkOnSave.enable: false` in preferences.
|
|
|
|
For example, if you want to run https://crates.io/crates/cargo-watch[`cargo watch`] instead, you might add the following to `.vscode/tasks.json`:
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"label": "Watch",
|
|
"group": "build",
|
|
"type": "shell",
|
|
"command": "cargo watch",
|
|
"problemMatcher": "$rustc-watch",
|
|
"isBackground": true
|
|
}
|
|
```
|