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459 lines
18 KiB
Text
459 lines
18 KiB
Text
= User Manual
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:toc: preamble
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:sectanchors:
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:page-layout: post
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:icons: font
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:source-highlighter: rouge
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:experimental:
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// Master copy of this document lives in the https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer repository
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At its core, rust-analyzer is a *library* for semantic analysis of Rust code as it changes over time.
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This manual focuses on a specific usage of the library -- running it as part of a server that implements the
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https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/[Language Server Protocol] (LSP).
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The LSP allows various code editors, like VS Code, Emacs or Vim, to implement semantic features like completion or goto definition by talking to an external language server process.
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[TIP]
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====
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[.lead]
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To improve this document, send a pull request: +
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https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/blob/master/docs/user/manual.adoc[https://github.com/rust-analyzer/.../manual.adoc]
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====
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If you have questions about using rust-analyzer, please ask them in the https://users.rust-lang.org/c/ide/14["`IDEs and Editors`"] topic of Rust users forum.
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== Installation
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In theory, one should be able to just install the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>> and have it automatically work with any editor.
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We are not there yet, so some editor specific setup is required.
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Additionally, rust-analyzer needs the sources of the standard library.
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If the source code is not present, rust-analyzer will attempt to install it automatically.
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To add the sources manually, run the following command:
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```bash
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$ rustup component add rust-src
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```
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=== VS Code
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This is the best supported editor at the moment.
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The rust-analyzer plugin for VS Code is maintained
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https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/tree/master/editors/code[in tree].
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You can install the latest release of the plugin from
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https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=matklad.rust-analyzer[the marketplace].
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Note that the plugin may cause conflicts with the
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https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=rust-lang.rust[official Rust plugin]. It is
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recommended to disable the Rust plugin when using the rust-analyzer extension.
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By default, the plugin will prompt you to download the matching version of the server as well:
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image::https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9021944/75067008-17502500-54ba-11ea-835a-f92aac50e866.png[]
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[NOTE]
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====
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To disable this notification put the following to `settings.json`
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[source,json]
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----
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{ "rust-analyzer.updates.askBeforeDownload": false }
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----
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====
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The server binary is stored in:
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* Linux: `~/.config/Code/User/globalStorage/matklad.rust-analyzer`
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* Linux (Remote, such as WSL): `~/.vscode-server/data/User/globalStorage/matklad.rust-analyzer`
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* macOS: `~/Library/Application\ Support/Code/User/globalStorage/matklad.rust-analyzer`
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* Windows: `%APPDATA%\Code\User\globalStorage\matklad.rust-analyzer`
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Note that we only support two most recent versions of VS Code.
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==== Updates
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The extension will be updated automatically as new versions become available. It will ask your permission to download the matching language server version binary if needed.
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===== Nightly
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We ship nightly releases for VS Code. To help us out with testing the newest code and follow the bleeding edge of our `master`, please use the following config:
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[source,json]
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----
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{ "rust-analyzer.updates.channel": "nightly" }
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----
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You will be prompted to install the `nightly` extension version. Just click `Download now` and from that moment you will get automatic updates every 24 hours.
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If you don't want to be asked for `Download now` every day when the new nightly version is released add the following to your `settings.json`:
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[source,json]
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----
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{ "rust-analyzer.updates.askBeforeDownload": false }
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----
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NOTE: Nightly extension should **only** be installed via the `Download now` action from VS Code.
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==== Building From Source
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Alternatively, both the server and the plugin can be installed from source:
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[source]
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----
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$ git clone https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer.git && cd rust-analyzer
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$ cargo xtask install
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----
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You'll need Cargo, nodejs and npm for this.
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Note that installing via `xtask install` does not work for VS Code Remote, instead you'll need to install the `.vsix` manually.
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==== Troubleshooting
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Here are some useful self-diagnostic commands:
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* **Rust Analyzer: Show RA Version** shows the version of `rust-analyzer` binary.
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* **Rust Analyzer: Status** prints some statistics about the server, and dependency information for the current file.
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* To enable server-side logging, run with `env RA_LOG=info` and see `Output > Rust Analyzer Language Server` in VS Code's panel.
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* To log all LSP requests, add `"rust-analyzer.trace.server": "verbose"` to the settings and look for `Rust Analyzer Language Server Trace` in the panel.
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* To enable client-side logging, add `"rust-analyzer.trace.extension": true` to the settings and open `Output > Rust Analyzer Client` in the panel.
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=== rust-analyzer Language Server Binary
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Other editors generally require the `rust-analyzer` binary to be in `$PATH`.
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You can download the pre-built binary from the https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/releases[releases] page.
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Typically, you then need to rename the binary for your platform, e.g. `rust-analyzer-mac` if you're on Mac OS, to `rust-analyzer` and make it executable in addition to moving it into a directory in your `$PATH`.
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On Linux to install the `rust-analyzer` binary into `~/.local/bin`, this commands could be used
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[source,bash]
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----
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$ curl -L https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/releases/latest/download/rust-analyzer-linux -o ~/.local/bin/rust-analyzer
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$ chmod +x ~/.local/bin/rust-analyzer
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----
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Ensure `~/.local/bin` is listed in the `$PATH` variable.
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Alternatively, you can install it from source using the following command:
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[source,bash]
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----
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$ git clone https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer.git && cd rust-analyzer
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$ cargo xtask install --server
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----
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If your editor can't find the binary even though the binary is on your `$PATH`, the likely explanation is that it doesn't see the same `$PATH` as the shell, see https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/issues/1811[this issue].
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On Unix, running the editor from a shell or changing the `.desktop` file to set the environment should help.
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==== Arch Linux
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The `rust-analyzer` binary can be installed from the repos or AUR (Arch User Repository):
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- https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/rust-analyzer/[`rust-analyzer`] (built from latest tagged source)
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- https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/rust-analyzer-git[`rust-analyzer-git`] (latest Git version)
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Install it with pacman, for example:
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[source,bash]
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----
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$ pacman -S rust-analyzer
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----
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=== Emacs
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Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>.
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Emacs support is maintained as part of the https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode[Emacs-LSP] package in https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode/blob/master/lsp-rust.el[lsp-rust.el].
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1. Install the most recent version of `emacs-lsp` package by following the https://github.com/emacs-lsp/lsp-mode[Emacs-LSP instructions].
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2. Set `lsp-rust-server` to `'rust-analyzer`.
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3. Run `lsp` in a Rust buffer.
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4. (Optionally) bind commands like `lsp-rust-analyzer-join-lines`, `lsp-extend-selection` and `lsp-rust-analyzer-expand-macro` to keys.
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=== Vim/NeoVim
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Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>. Not needed if the extension can install/update it on its own, coc-rust-analyzer is one example.
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The are several LSP client implementations for vim or neovim:
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==== coc-rust-analyzer
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1. Install coc.nvim by following the instructions at
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https://github.com/neoclide/coc.nvim[coc.nvim]
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(Node.js required)
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2. Run `:CocInstall coc-rust-analyzer` to install
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https://github.com/fannheyward/coc-rust-analyzer[coc-rust-analyzer],
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this extension implements _most_ of the features supported in the VSCode extension:
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* automatically install and upgrade stable/nightly releases
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* same configurations as VSCode extension, `rust-analyzer.serverPath`, `rust-analyzer.cargo.features` etc.
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* same commands too, `rust-analyzer.analyzerStatus`, `rust-analyzer.ssr` etc.
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* inlay hints for method chaining support, _Neovim Only_
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* semantic highlighting is not implemented yet
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==== LanguageClient-neovim
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1. Install LanguageClient-neovim by following the instructions
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https://github.com/autozimu/LanguageClient-neovim[here]
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* The GitHub project wiki has extra tips on configuration
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2. Configure by adding this to your vim/neovim config file (replacing the existing Rust-specific line if it exists):
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+
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[source,vim]
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----
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let g:LanguageClient_serverCommands = {
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\ 'rust': ['rust-analyzer'],
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\ }
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----
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==== YouCompleteMe
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1. Install YouCompleteMe by following the instructions
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https://github.com/ycm-core/lsp-examples#rust-rust-analyzer[here]
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2. Configure by adding this to your vim/neovim config file (replacing the existing Rust-specific line if it exists):
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+
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[source,vim]
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----
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let g:ycm_language_server =
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\ [
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\ {
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\ 'name': 'rust',
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\ 'cmdline': ['rust-analyzer'],
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\ 'filetypes': ['rust'],
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\ 'project_root_files': ['Cargo.toml']
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\ }
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\ ]
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----
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==== ALE
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To use the LSP server in https://github.com/dense-analysis/ale[ale]:
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[source,vim]
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----
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let g:ale_linters = {'rust': ['analyzer']}
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----
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==== nvim-lsp
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NeoVim 0.5 (not yet released) has built-in language server support.
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For a quick start configuration of rust-analyzer, use https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lsp#rust_analyzer[neovim/nvim-lsp].
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Once `neovim/nvim-lsp` is installed, use `+lua require'nvim_lsp'.rust_analyzer.setup({})+` in your `init.vim`.
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=== Sublime Text 3
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Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>.
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You also need the `LSP` package. To install it:
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1. If you've never installed a Sublime Text package, install Package Control:
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* Open the command palette (Win/Linux: `ctrl+shift+p`, Mac: `cmd+shift+p`)
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* Type `Install Package Control`, press enter
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2. In the command palette, run `Package control: Install package`, and in the list that pops up, type `LSP` and press enter.
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Finally, with your Rust project open, in the command palette, run `LSP: Enable Language Server In Project` or `LSP: Enable Language Server Globally`, then select `rust-analyzer` in the list that pops up to enable the rust-analyzer LSP. The latter means that rust-analyzer is enabled by default in Rust projects.
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If it worked, you should see "rust-analyzer, Line X, Column Y" on the left side of the bottom bar, and after waiting a bit, functionality like tooltips on hovering over variables should become available.
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If you get an error saying `No such file or directory: 'rust-analyzer'`, see the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>> section on installing the language server binary.
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=== GNOME Builder
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Prerequisites: You have installed the <<rust-analyzer-language-server-binary,`rust-analyzer` binary>>.
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Gnome Builder currently has support for RLS, and there's no way to configure the language server executable. A future version might support `rust-analyzer` out of the box.
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1. Rename, symlink or copy the `rust-analyzer` binary to `rls` and place it somewhere Builder can find (in `PATH`, or under `~/.cargo/bin`).
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2. Enable the Rust Builder plugin.
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==== GNOME Builder (Nightly)
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https://nightly.gnome.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Builder.flatpakref[GNOME Builder (Nightly)] has now native support for `rust-analyzer` out of the box. If the `rust-analyzer` binary is not available, GNOME Builder can install it when opening a Rust source file.
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== Non-Cargo Based Projects
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rust-analyzer does not require Cargo.
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However, if you use some other build system, you'll have to describe the structure of your project for rust-analyzer in the `rust-project.json` format:
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[source,TypeScript]
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----
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interface JsonProject {
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/// Path to the directory with *source code* of sysroot crates.
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///
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/// It should point to the directory where std, core, and friends can be found:
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/// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/master/library.
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///
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/// If provided, rust-analyzer automatically adds dependencies on sysroot
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/// crates. Conversely, if you omit this path, you can specify sysroot
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/// dependencies yourself and, for example, have several different "sysroots" in
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/// one graph of crates.
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sysroot_src?: string;
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/// The set of crates comprising the current project.
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/// Must include all transitive dependencies as well as sysroot crate (libstd, libcore and such).
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crates: Crate[];
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}
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interface Crate {
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/// Path to the root module of the crate.
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root_module: string;
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/// Edition of the crate.
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edition: "2015" | "2018";
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/// Dependencies
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deps: Dep[];
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/// Should this crate be treated as a member of current "workspace".
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///
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/// By default, inferred from the `root_module` (members are the crates which reside
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/// inside the directory opened in the editor).
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///
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/// Set this to `false` for things like standard library and 3rd party crates to
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/// enable performance optimizations (rust-analyzer assumes that non-member crates
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/// don't change).
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is_workspace_member?: boolean;
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/// Optionally specify the (super)set of `.rs` files comprising this crate.
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///
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/// By default, rust-analyzer assumes that only files under `root_module.parent` can belong to a crate.
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/// `include_dirs` are included recursively, unless a subdirectory is in `exclude_dirs`.
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///
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/// Different crates can share the same `source`.
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///
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/// If two crates share an `.rs` file in common, they *must* have the same `source`.
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/// rust-analyzer assumes that files from one source can't refer to files in another source.
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source?: {
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include_dirs: string[],
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exclude_dirs: string[],
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},
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/// The set of cfgs activated for a given crate, like `["unix", "feature=foo", "feature=bar"]`.
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cfg: string[];
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/// Target triple for this Crate.
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///
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/// Used when running `rustc --print cfg` to get target-specific cfgs.
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target?: string;
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/// Environment variables, used for the `env!` macro
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env: : { [key: string]: string; },
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/// For proc-macro crates, path to compiles proc-macro (.so file).
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proc_macro_dylib_path?: string;
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}
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interface Dep {
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/// Index of a crate in the `crates` array.
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crate: number,
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/// Name as should appear in the (implicit) `extern crate name` declaration.
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name: string,
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}
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----
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This format is provisional and subject to change.
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Specifically, the `roots` setup will be different eventually.
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There are tree ways to feed `rust-project.json` to rust-analyzer:
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* Place `rust-project.json` file at the root of the project, and rust-anlayzer will discover it.
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* Specify `"rust-analyzer.linkedProjects": [ "path/to/rust-project.json" ]` in the settings (and make sure that your LSP client sends settings as a part of initialize request).
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* Specify `"rust-analyzer.linkedProjects": [ { "roots": [...], "crates": [...] }]` inline.
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Relative paths are interpreted relative to `rust-project.json` file location or (for inline JSON) relative to `rootUri`.
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See https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-project.json-example for a small example.
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You can set `RA_LOG` environmental variable to `rust_analyzer=info` to inspect how rust-analyzer handles config and project loading.
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== Features
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include::./generated_features.adoc[]
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== Assists (Code Actions)
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Assists, or code actions, are small local refactorings, available in a particular context.
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They are usually triggered by a shortcut or by clicking a light bulb icon in the editor.
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Cursor position or selection is signified by `┃` character.
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include::./generated_assists.adoc[]
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== Editor Features
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=== VS Code
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==== Color configurations
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It is possible to change the foreground/background color of inlay hints. Just add this to your
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`settings.json`:
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[source,jsonc]
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----
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{
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"workbench.colorCustomizations": {
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// Name of the theme you are currently using
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"[Default Dark+]": {
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"rust_analyzer.inlayHints.foreground": "#868686f0",
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"rust_analyzer.inlayHints.background": "#3d3d3d48",
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// Overrides for specific kinds of inlay hints
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"rust_analyzer.inlayHints.foreground.typeHints": "#fdb6fdf0",
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"rust_analyzer.inlayHints.foreground.paramHints": "#fdb6fdf0",
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"rust_analyzer.inlayHints.background.chainingHints": "#6b0c0c81"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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==== Special `when` clause context for keybindings.
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You may use `inRustProject` context to configure keybindings for rust projects only. For example:
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[source,json]
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----
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{
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"key": "ctrl+i",
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"command": "rust-analyzer.toggleInlayHints",
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"when": "inRustProject"
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}
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----
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More about `when` clause contexts https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/getstarted/keybindings#_when-clause-contexts[here].
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==== Setting runnable environment variables
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You can use "rust-analyzer.runnableEnv" setting to define runnable environment-specific substitution variables.
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The simplest way for all runnables in a bunch:
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```jsonc
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"rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": {
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"RUN_SLOW_TESTS": "1"
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}
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```
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Or it is possible to specify vars more granularly:
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```jsonc
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"rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": [
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{
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// "mask": null, // null mask means that this rule will be applied for all runnables
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env: {
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"APP_ID": "1",
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"APP_DATA": "asdf"
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}
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},
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{
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"mask": "test_name",
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"env": {
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"APP_ID": "2", // overwrites only APP_ID
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}
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}
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]
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```
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You can use any valid RegExp as a mask. Also note that a full runnable name is something like *run bin_or_example_name*, *test some::mod::test_name* or *test-mod some::mod*, so it is possible to distinguish binaries, single tests, and test modules with this masks: `"^run"`, `"^test "` (the trailing space matters!), and `"^test-mod"` respectively.
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==== Compiler feedback from external commands
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Instead of relying on the built-in `cargo check`, you can configure Code to run a command in the background and use the `$rustc-watch` problem matcher to generate inline error markers from its output.
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To do this you need to create a new https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks[VS Code Task] and set `rust-analyzer.checkOnSave.enable: false` in preferences.
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For example, if you want to run https://crates.io/crates/cargo-watch[`cargo watch`] instead, you might add the following to `.vscode/tasks.json`:
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```json
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{
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"label": "Watch",
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"group": "build",
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"type": "shell",
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"command": "cargo watch",
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"problemMatcher": "$rustc-watch",
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"isBackground": true
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}
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```
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