rofi/source/xcb.c

/*
 * rofi
 *
 * MIT/X11 License
 * Copyright © 2012 Sean Pringle <sean.pringle@gmail.com>
 * Copyright © 2013-2023 Qball Cow <qball@gmpclient.org>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

/** Log domain for this module */
#define G_LOG_DOMAIN "X11Helper"

#include "config.h"
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
#include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
#include <xcb-imdkit/encoding.h>
#endif
#include <cairo-xcb.h>
#include <cairo.h>
#include <glib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <xcb/randr.h>
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_cursor.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_ewmh.h>
#include <xcb/xinerama.h>
#include <xcb/xkb.h>
#include <xcb/xproto.h>
#include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon-x11.h>
#include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h>
/** Indicate that we know the startup notification api is not yet stable. */
#define SN_API_NOT_YET_FROZEN
/** This function is declared as sn_launcher_context_set_application_id but
 * implemented as sn_launcher_set_application_id. Quick Fix. */
#define sn_launcher_context_set_application_id sn_launcher_set_application_id
#include "display.h"
#include "helper.h"
#include "rofi-types.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "timings.h"
#include "xcb-internal.h"
#include "xcb.h"
#include <libsn/sn.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#include "mode.h"
#include "modes/window.h"

#include <rofi.h>

/** Minimal randr preferred for running rofi (1.5) (Major version number) */
#define RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION 1
/** Minimal randr preferred for running rofi (1.5) (Minor version number) */
#define RANDR_PREF_MINOR_VERSION 5

/** Checks if the if x and y is inside rectangle. */
#define INTERSECT(x, y, x1, y1, w1, h1)                                        \
  ((((x) >= (x1)) && ((x) < (x1 + w1))) && (((y) >= (y1)) && ((y) < (y1 + h1))))

WindowManagerQuirk current_window_manager = WM_EWHM;

/**
 * Structure holding xcb objects needed to function.
 */
struct _xcb_stuff xcb_int = {.connection = NULL,
                             .screen = NULL,
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
                             .im = NULL,
                             .syms = NULL,
#endif
                             .screen_nbr = -1,
                             .sndisplay = NULL,
                             .sncontext = NULL,
                             .monitors = NULL,
                             .clipboard = NULL};
xcb_stuff *xcb = &xcb_int;

/**
 * Depth of root window.
 */
xcb_depth_t *depth = NULL;
xcb_visualtype_t *visual = NULL;
xcb_colormap_t map = XCB_COLORMAP_NONE;
/**
 * Visual of the root window.
 */
static xcb_visualtype_t *root_visual = NULL;
xcb_atom_t netatoms[NUM_NETATOMS];
const char *netatom_names[] = {EWMH_ATOMS(ATOM_CHAR)};

/**
 * Cached X11 cursors.
 */
xcb_cursor_t cursors[NUM_CURSORS] = {XCB_CURSOR_NONE, XCB_CURSOR_NONE,
                                     XCB_CURSOR_NONE};

/** Mapping between theme name and system name for mouse cursor. */
const struct {
  /** Theme name */
  const char *css_name;
  /** System name */
  const char *traditional_name;
} cursor_names[] = {
    {"default", "left_ptr"}, {"pointer", "hand"}, {"text", "xterm"}};

static xcb_visualtype_t *lookup_visual(xcb_screen_t *s, xcb_visualid_t visual) {
  xcb_depth_iterator_t d;
  d = xcb_screen_allowed_depths_iterator(s);
  for (; d.rem; xcb_depth_next(&d)) {
    xcb_visualtype_iterator_t v = xcb_depth_visuals_iterator(d.data);
    for (; v.rem; xcb_visualtype_next(&v)) {
      if (v.data->visual_id == visual) {
        return v.data;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/* This blur function was originally created my MacSlow and published on his
 * website: http://macslow.thepimp.net. I'm not entirely sure he's proud of it,
 * but it has proved immeasurably useful for me. */

static uint32_t *create_kernel(double radius, double deviation,
                               uint32_t *sum2) {
  int size = 2 * (int)(radius) + 1;
  uint32_t *kernel = (uint32_t *)(g_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * (size + 1)));
  double radiusf = fabs(radius) + 1.0;
  double value = -radius;
  double sum = 0.0;
  int i;

  if (deviation == 0.0) {
    deviation = sqrt(-(radiusf * radiusf) / (2.0 * log(1.0 / 255.0)));
  }

  kernel[0] = size;

  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    kernel[1 + i] = INT16_MAX / (2.506628275 * deviation) *
                    exp(-((value * value) / (2.0 * (deviation * deviation))));

    sum += kernel[1 + i];
    value += 1.0;
  }

  *sum2 = sum;

  return kernel;
}

void cairo_image_surface_blur(cairo_surface_t *surface, double radius,
                              double deviation) {
  uint32_t *horzBlur;
  uint32_t *kernel = 0;
  cairo_format_t format;
  unsigned int channels;

  if (cairo_surface_status(surface)) {
    return;
  }

  uint8_t *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);
  format = cairo_image_surface_get_format(surface);
  const int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
  const int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
  const int stride = cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);

  if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32) {
    channels = 4;
  } else {
    return;
  }

  horzBlur = (uint32_t *)(g_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * height * stride));
  TICK();
  uint32_t sum = 0;
  kernel = create_kernel(radius, deviation, &sum);
  TICK_N("BLUR: kernel");

  /* Horizontal pass. */
  uint32_t *horzBlur_ptr = horzBlur;
  for (int iY = 0; iY < height; iY++) {
    const int iYs = iY * stride;
    for (int iX = 0; iX < width; iX++) {
      uint32_t red = 0;
      uint32_t green = 0;
      uint32_t blue = 0;
      uint32_t alpha = 0;
      int offset = (int)(kernel[0]) / -2;

      for (int i = 0; i < (int)(kernel[0]); i++) {
        int x = iX + offset;

        if (x < 0 || x >= width) {
          offset++;
          continue;
        }

        uint8_t *dataPtr = &data[iYs + x * channels];
        const uint32_t kernip1 = kernel[i + 1];

        blue += kernip1 * dataPtr[0];
        green += kernip1 * dataPtr[1];
        red += kernip1 * dataPtr[2];
        alpha += kernip1 * dataPtr[3];
        offset++;
      }

      *horzBlur_ptr++ = blue / sum;
      *horzBlur_ptr++ = green / sum;
      *horzBlur_ptr++ = red / sum;
      *horzBlur_ptr++ = alpha / sum;
    }
  }
  TICK_N("BLUR: hori");

  /* Vertical pass. */
  for (int iY = 0; iY < height; iY++) {
    for (int iX = 0; iX < width; iX++) {
      uint32_t red = 0;
      uint32_t green = 0;
      uint32_t blue = 0;
      uint32_t alpha = 0;
      int offset = (int)(kernel[0]) / -2;

      const int iXs = iX * channels;
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)(kernel[0]); i++) {
        int y = iY + offset;

        if (y < 0 || y >= height) {
          offset++;
          continue;
        }

        uint32_t *dataPtr = &horzBlur[y * stride + iXs];
        const uint32_t kernip1 = kernel[i + 1];

        blue += kernip1 * dataPtr[0];
        green += kernip1 * dataPtr[1];
        red += kernip1 * dataPtr[2];
        alpha += kernip1 * dataPtr[3];

        offset++;
      }

      *data++ = blue / sum;
      *data++ = green / sum;
      *data++ = red / sum;
      *data++ = alpha / sum;
    }
  }
  TICK_N("BLUR: vert");

  free(kernel);
  free(horzBlur);

  return;
}

cairo_surface_t *x11_helper_get_screenshot_surface_window(xcb_window_t window,
                                                          int size) {
  xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t cookie;
  xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *reply;

  cookie = xcb_get_geometry(xcb->connection, window);
  reply = xcb_get_geometry_reply(xcb->connection, cookie, NULL);
  if (reply == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  }

  xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t attributesCookie =
      xcb_get_window_attributes(xcb->connection, window);
  xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *attributes =
      xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(xcb->connection, attributesCookie, NULL);
  if (attributes == NULL || (attributes->map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)) {
    free(reply);
    if (attributes) {
      free(attributes);
    }
    return NULL;
  }
  // Create a cairo surface for the window.
  xcb_visualtype_t *vt = lookup_visual(xcb->screen, attributes->visual);
  free(attributes);

  cairo_surface_t *t = cairo_xcb_surface_create(xcb->connection, window, vt,
                                                reply->width, reply->height);

  if (cairo_surface_status(t) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
    cairo_surface_destroy(t);
    free(reply);
    return NULL;
  }

  // Scale the image, as we don't want to keep large one around.
  int max = MAX(reply->width, reply->height);
  double scale = (double)size / max;

  cairo_surface_t *s2 = cairo_surface_create_similar_image(
      t, CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, reply->width * scale, reply->height * scale);
  free(reply);

  if (cairo_surface_status(s2) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
    cairo_surface_destroy(t);
    return NULL;
  }
  // Paint it in.
  cairo_t *d = cairo_create(s2);
  cairo_scale(d, scale, scale);
  cairo_set_source_surface(d, t, 0, 0);
  cairo_paint(d);
  cairo_destroy(d);

  cairo_surface_destroy(t);
  return s2;
}
/**
 * Holds for each supported modifier the possible modifier mask.
 * Check x11_mod_masks[MODIFIER]&mask != 0 to see if MODIFIER is activated.
 */
cairo_surface_t *x11_helper_get_screenshot_surface(void) {
  return cairo_xcb_surface_create(xcb->connection, xcb_stuff_get_root_window(),
                                  root_visual, xcb->screen->width_in_pixels,
                                  xcb->screen->height_in_pixels);
}

static xcb_pixmap_t get_root_pixmap(xcb_connection_t *c, xcb_screen_t *screen,
                                    xcb_atom_t atom) {
  xcb_get_property_cookie_t cookie;
  xcb_get_property_reply_t *reply;
  xcb_pixmap_t rootpixmap = XCB_NONE;

  cookie = xcb_get_property(c, 0, screen->root, atom, XCB_ATOM_PIXMAP, 0, 1);

  reply = xcb_get_property_reply(c, cookie, NULL);

  if (reply) {
    if (xcb_get_property_value_length(reply) == sizeof(xcb_pixmap_t)) {
      memcpy(&rootpixmap, xcb_get_property_value(reply), sizeof(xcb_pixmap_t));
    }
    free(reply);
  }

  return rootpixmap;
}

cairo_surface_t *x11_helper_get_bg_surface(void) {
  xcb_pixmap_t pm =
      get_root_pixmap(xcb->connection, xcb->screen, netatoms[ESETROOT_PMAP_ID]);
  if (pm == XCB_NONE) {
    return NULL;
  }
  return cairo_xcb_surface_create(xcb->connection, pm, root_visual,
                                  xcb->screen->width_in_pixels,
                                  xcb->screen->height_in_pixels);
}

// retrieve a text property from a window
// technically we could use window_get_prop(), but this is better for character
// set support
char *window_get_text_prop(xcb_window_t w, xcb_atom_t atom) {
  xcb_get_property_cookie_t c = xcb_get_property(
      xcb->connection, 0, w, atom, XCB_GET_PROPERTY_TYPE_ANY, 0, UINT_MAX);
  xcb_get_property_reply_t *r =
      xcb_get_property_reply(xcb->connection, c, NULL);
  if (r) {
    if (xcb_get_property_value_length(r) > 0) {
      char *str = NULL;
      if (r->type == netatoms[UTF8_STRING]) {
        str = g_strndup(xcb_get_property_value(r),
                        xcb_get_property_value_length(r));
      } else if (r->type == netatoms[STRING]) {
        str = rofi_latin_to_utf8_strdup(xcb_get_property_value(r),
                                        xcb_get_property_value_length(r));
      } else {
        str = g_strdup("Invalid encoding.");
      }

      free(r);
      return str;
    }
    free(r);
  }
  return NULL;
}

void window_set_atom_prop(xcb_window_t w, xcb_atom_t prop, xcb_atom_t *atoms,
                          int count) {
  xcb_change_property(xcb->connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, w, prop,
                      XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, count, atoms);
}

/****
 * Code used to get monitor layout.
 */

/**
 * Free monitor structure.
 */
static void x11_monitor_free(workarea *m) {
  g_free(m->name);
  g_free(m);
}

static void x11_monitors_free(void) {
  while (xcb->monitors != NULL) {
    workarea *m = xcb->monitors;
    xcb->monitors = m->next;
    x11_monitor_free(m);
  }
}

/**
 * Quick function that tries to fix the size (for dpi calculation)
 * when monitor is rotate. This assumes the density is kinda equal in both X/Y
 * direction.
 */
static void x11_workarea_fix_rotation(workarea *w) {
  double ratio_res = w->w / (double)w->h;
  double ratio_size = w->mw / (double)w->mh;

  if ((ratio_res < 1.0 && ratio_size > 1.0) ||
      (ratio_res > 1.0 && ratio_size < 1.0)) {
    // Oposite ratios, swap them.
    int nh = w->mw;
    w->mw = w->mh;
    w->mh = nh;
  }
}
/**
 * Create monitor based on output id
 */
static workarea *x11_get_monitor_from_output(xcb_randr_output_t out) {
  xcb_randr_get_output_info_reply_t *op_reply;
  xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_reply_t *crtc_reply;
  xcb_randr_get_output_info_cookie_t it =
      xcb_randr_get_output_info(xcb->connection, out, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  op_reply = xcb_randr_get_output_info_reply(xcb->connection, it, NULL);
  if (op_reply->crtc == XCB_NONE) {
    free(op_reply);
    return NULL;
  }
  xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_cookie_t ct = xcb_randr_get_crtc_info(
      xcb->connection, op_reply->crtc, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  crtc_reply = xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_reply(xcb->connection, ct, NULL);
  if (!crtc_reply) {
    free(op_reply);
    return NULL;
  }
  workarea *retv = g_malloc0(sizeof(workarea));
  retv->x = crtc_reply->x;
  retv->y = crtc_reply->y;
  retv->w = crtc_reply->width;
  retv->h = crtc_reply->height;

  retv->mw = op_reply->mm_width;
  retv->mh = op_reply->mm_height;
  x11_workarea_fix_rotation(retv);

  char *tname = (char *)xcb_randr_get_output_info_name(op_reply);
  int tname_len = xcb_randr_get_output_info_name_length(op_reply);

  retv->name = g_malloc0((tname_len + 1) * sizeof(char));
  memcpy(retv->name, tname, tname_len);

  free(crtc_reply);
  free(op_reply);
  return retv;
}

#if (((XCB_RANDR_MAJOR_VERSION >= RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION) &&                 \
      (XCB_RANDR_MINOR_VERSION >= RANDR_PREF_MINOR_VERSION)) ||                \
     XCB_RANDR_MAJOR_VERSION > RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION)
/**
 * @param mon The randr monitor to parse.
 *
 * Create monitor based on xrandr monitor id.
 *
 * @returns A workarea representing the monitor mon
 */
static workarea *
x11_get_monitor_from_randr_monitor(xcb_randr_monitor_info_t *mon) {
  // Query to the name of the monitor.
  xcb_generic_error_t *err;
  xcb_get_atom_name_cookie_t anc =
      xcb_get_atom_name(xcb->connection, mon->name);
  xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t *atom_reply =
      xcb_get_atom_name_reply(xcb->connection, anc, &err);
  if (err != NULL) {
    g_warning("Could not get RandR monitor name: X11 error code %d\n",
              err->error_code);
    free(err);
    return NULL;
  }
  workarea *retv = g_malloc0(sizeof(workarea));

  // Is primary monitor.
  retv->primary = mon->primary;

  // Position and size.
  retv->x = mon->x;
  retv->y = mon->y;
  retv->w = mon->width;
  retv->h = mon->height;

  // Physical
  retv->mw = mon->width_in_millimeters;
  retv->mh = mon->height_in_millimeters;
  x11_workarea_fix_rotation(retv);

  // Name
  retv->name =
      g_strdup_printf("%.*s", xcb_get_atom_name_name_length(atom_reply),
                      xcb_get_atom_name_name(atom_reply));

  // Free name atom.
  free(atom_reply);

  return retv;
}
#endif

static int x11_is_extension_present(const char *extension) {
  xcb_query_extension_cookie_t randr_cookie =
      xcb_query_extension(xcb->connection, strlen(extension), extension);

  xcb_query_extension_reply_t *randr_reply =
      xcb_query_extension_reply(xcb->connection, randr_cookie, NULL);

  int present = randr_reply->present;

  free(randr_reply);

  return present;
}

static void x11_build_monitor_layout_xinerama(void) {
  xcb_xinerama_query_screens_cookie_t screens_cookie =
      xcb_xinerama_query_screens_unchecked(xcb->connection);

  xcb_xinerama_query_screens_reply_t *screens_reply =
      xcb_xinerama_query_screens_reply(xcb->connection, screens_cookie, NULL);

  xcb_xinerama_screen_info_iterator_t screens_iterator =
      xcb_xinerama_query_screens_screen_info_iterator(screens_reply);

  for (; screens_iterator.rem > 0;
       xcb_xinerama_screen_info_next(&screens_iterator)) {
    workarea *w = g_malloc0(sizeof(workarea));

    w->x = screens_iterator.data->x_org;
    w->y = screens_iterator.data->y_org;
    w->w = screens_iterator.data->width;
    w->h = screens_iterator.data->height;

    w->next = xcb->monitors;
    xcb->monitors = w;
  }

  int index = 0;
  for (workarea *iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
    iter->monitor_id = index++;
  }

  free(screens_reply);
}

static void x11_build_monitor_layout(void) {
  if (xcb->monitors) {
    return;
  }
  // If RANDR is not available, try Xinerama
  if (!x11_is_extension_present("RANDR")) {
    // Check if xinerama is available.
    if (x11_is_extension_present("XINERAMA")) {
      g_debug("Query XINERAMA for monitor layout.");
      x11_build_monitor_layout_xinerama();
      return;
    }
    g_debug("No RANDR or Xinerama available for getting monitor layout.");
    return;
  }
  g_debug("Query RANDR for monitor layout.");

  g_debug("Randr XCB api version: %d.%d.", XCB_RANDR_MAJOR_VERSION,
          XCB_RANDR_MINOR_VERSION);
#if (((XCB_RANDR_MAJOR_VERSION == RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION) &&                 \
      (XCB_RANDR_MINOR_VERSION >= RANDR_PREF_MINOR_VERSION)) ||                \
     XCB_RANDR_MAJOR_VERSION > RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION)
  xcb_randr_query_version_cookie_t cversion = xcb_randr_query_version(
      xcb->connection, RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION, RANDR_PREF_MINOR_VERSION);
  xcb_randr_query_version_reply_t *rversion =
      xcb_randr_query_version_reply(xcb->connection, cversion, NULL);
  if (rversion) {
    g_debug("Found randr version: %d.%d", rversion->major_version,
            rversion->minor_version);
    // Check if we are 1.5 and up.
    if (((rversion->major_version == RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION) &&
         (rversion->minor_version >= RANDR_PREF_MINOR_VERSION)) ||
        (rversion->major_version > RANDR_PREF_MAJOR_VERSION)) {
      xcb_randr_get_monitors_cookie_t t =
          xcb_randr_get_monitors(xcb->connection, xcb->screen->root, 1);
      xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply_t *mreply =
          xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply(xcb->connection, t, NULL);
      if (mreply) {
        xcb_randr_monitor_info_iterator_t iter =
            xcb_randr_get_monitors_monitors_iterator(mreply);
        while (iter.rem > 0) {
          workarea *w = x11_get_monitor_from_randr_monitor(iter.data);
          if (w) {
            w->next = xcb->monitors;
            xcb->monitors = w;
          }
          xcb_randr_monitor_info_next(&iter);
        }
        free(mreply);
      }
    }
    free(rversion);
  }
#endif

  // If no monitors found.
  if (xcb->monitors == NULL) {
    xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_reply_t *res_reply;
    xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_cookie_t src;
    src = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current(xcb->connection,
                                                 xcb->screen->root);
    res_reply = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_reply(xcb->connection,
                                                             src, NULL);
    if (!res_reply) {
      return; // just report error
    }
    int mon_num =
        xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_outputs_length(res_reply);
    xcb_randr_output_t *ops =
        xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_outputs(res_reply);

    // Get primary.
    xcb_randr_get_output_primary_cookie_t pc =
        xcb_randr_get_output_primary(xcb->connection, xcb->screen->root);
    xcb_randr_get_output_primary_reply_t *pc_rep =
        xcb_randr_get_output_primary_reply(xcb->connection, pc, NULL);

    for (int i = mon_num - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      workarea *w = x11_get_monitor_from_output(ops[i]);
      if (w) {
        w->next = xcb->monitors;
        xcb->monitors = w;
        if (pc_rep && pc_rep->output == ops[i]) {
          w->primary = TRUE;
        }
      }
    }
    // If exists, free primary output reply.
    if (pc_rep) {
      free(pc_rep);
    }
    free(res_reply);
  }

  // Number monitor
  int index = 0;
  for (workarea *iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
    iter->monitor_id = index++;
  }
}

void display_dump_monitor_layout(void) {
  int is_term = isatty(fileno(stdout));
  printf("Monitor layout:\n");
  for (workarea *iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
    printf("%s              ID%s: %d", (is_term) ? color_bold : "",
           is_term ? color_reset : "", iter->monitor_id);
    if (iter->primary) {
      printf(" (primary)");
    }
    printf("\n");
    printf("%s            name%s: %s\n", (is_term) ? color_bold : "",
           is_term ? color_reset : "", iter->name);
    printf("%s        position%s: %d,%d\n", (is_term) ? color_bold : "",
           is_term ? color_reset : "", iter->x, iter->y);
    printf("%s            size%s: %d,%d\n", (is_term) ? color_bold : "",
           is_term ? color_reset : "", iter->w, iter->h);
    if (iter->mw > 0 && iter->mh > 0) {
      printf("%s            size%s: %dmm,%dmm  dpi: %.0f,%.0f\n",
             (is_term) ? color_bold : "", is_term ? color_reset : "", iter->mw,
             iter->mh, iter->w * 25.4 / (double)iter->mw,
             iter->h * 25.4 / (double)iter->mh);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
}

void display_startup_notification(RofiHelperExecuteContext *context,
                                  GSpawnChildSetupFunc *child_setup,
                                  gpointer *user_data) {
  if (context == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  SnLauncherContext *sncontext;

  sncontext = sn_launcher_context_new(xcb->sndisplay, xcb->screen_nbr);

  sn_launcher_context_set_name(sncontext, context->name);
  sn_launcher_context_set_description(sncontext, context->description);
  if (context->binary != NULL) {
    sn_launcher_context_set_binary_name(sncontext, context->binary);
  }
  if (context->icon != NULL) {
    sn_launcher_context_set_icon_name(sncontext, context->icon);
  }
  if (context->app_id != NULL) {
    sn_launcher_context_set_application_id(sncontext, context->app_id);
  }
  if (context->wmclass != NULL) {
    sn_launcher_context_set_wmclass(sncontext, context->wmclass);
  }

  xcb_get_property_cookie_t c;
  unsigned int current_desktop = 0;

  c = xcb_ewmh_get_current_desktop(&xcb->ewmh, xcb->screen_nbr);
  if (xcb_ewmh_get_current_desktop_reply(&xcb->ewmh, c, &current_desktop,
                                         NULL)) {
    sn_launcher_context_set_workspace(sncontext, current_desktop);
  }

  sn_launcher_context_initiate(sncontext, "rofi", context->command,
                               xcb->last_timestamp);

  *child_setup = (GSpawnChildSetupFunc)sn_launcher_context_setup_child_process;
  *user_data = sncontext;
}

static int monitor_get_dimension(int monitor_id, workarea *mon) {
  memset(mon, 0, sizeof(workarea));
  mon->w = xcb->screen->width_in_pixels;
  mon->h = xcb->screen->height_in_pixels;

  workarea *iter = NULL;
  for (iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
    if (iter->monitor_id == monitor_id) {
      *mon = *iter;
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
// find the dimensions of the monitor displaying point x,y
static void monitor_dimensions(int x, int y, workarea *mon) {
  if (mon == NULL) {
    g_error("%s: mon == NULL", __func__);
    return;
  }
  memset(mon, 0, sizeof(workarea));
  mon->w = xcb->screen->width_in_pixels;
  mon->h = xcb->screen->height_in_pixels;

  for (workarea *iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
    if (INTERSECT(x, y, iter->x, iter->y, iter->w, iter->h)) {
      *mon = *iter;
      break;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * @param root The X11 window used to find the pointer position. Usually the
 * root window.
 * @param x    The x position of the mouse [out]
 * @param y    The y position of the mouse [out]
 *
 * find mouse pointer location
 *
 * @returns TRUE when found, FALSE otherwise
 */
static int pointer_get(xcb_window_t root, int *x, int *y) {
  *x = 0;
  *y = 0;
  xcb_query_pointer_cookie_t c = xcb_query_pointer(xcb->connection, root);
  xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *r =
      xcb_query_pointer_reply(xcb->connection, c, NULL);
  if (r) {
    *x = r->root_x;
    *y = r->root_y;
    free(r);
    return TRUE;
  }

  return FALSE;
}

static int monitor_active_from_winid(xcb_drawable_t id, workarea *mon) {
  if (mon == NULL) {
    g_error("%s: mon == NULL", __func__);
    return FALSE;
  }
  xcb_window_t root = xcb->screen->root;
  xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t c = xcb_get_geometry(xcb->connection, id);
  xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *r =
      xcb_get_geometry_reply(xcb->connection, c, NULL);
  if (r) {
    xcb_translate_coordinates_cookie_t ct =
        xcb_translate_coordinates(xcb->connection, id, root, r->x, r->y);
    xcb_translate_coordinates_reply_t *t =
        xcb_translate_coordinates_reply(xcb->connection, ct, NULL);
    if (t) {
      // place the menu above the window
      // if some window is focused, place menu above window, else fall
      // back to selected monitor.
      mon->x = t->dst_x - r->x;
      mon->y = t->dst_y - r->y;
      mon->w = r->width;
      mon->h = r->height;
      free(r);
      free(t);
      return TRUE;
    }
    free(r);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static int monitor_active_from_id_focused(int mon_id, workarea *mon) {
  int retv = FALSE;
  xcb_window_t active_window;
  xcb_get_property_cookie_t awc;
  if (mon == NULL) {
    g_error("%s: mon == NULL", __func__);
    return retv;
  }
  awc = xcb_ewmh_get_active_window(&xcb->ewmh, xcb->screen_nbr);
  if (!xcb_ewmh_get_active_window_reply(&xcb->ewmh, awc, &active_window,
                                        NULL)) {
    g_debug(
        "Failed to get active window, falling back to mouse location (-5).");
    return retv;
  }
  xcb_query_tree_cookie_t tree_cookie =
      xcb_query_tree(xcb->connection, active_window);
  xcb_query_tree_reply_t *tree_reply =
      xcb_query_tree_reply(xcb->connection, tree_cookie, NULL);
  if (!tree_reply) {
    g_debug(
        "Failed to get parent window, falling back to mouse location (-5).");
    return retv;
  }
  // get geometry.
  xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t c =
      xcb_get_geometry(xcb->connection, active_window);
  xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *r =
      xcb_get_geometry_reply(xcb->connection, c, NULL);
  if (!r) {
    g_debug("Failed to get geometry of active window, falling back to mouse "
            "location (-5).");
    free(tree_reply);
    return retv;
  }
  if (tree_reply->parent != r->root) {
    xcb_translate_coordinates_cookie_t ct = xcb_translate_coordinates(
        xcb->connection, tree_reply->parent, r->root, r->x, r->y);
    xcb_translate_coordinates_reply_t *t =
        xcb_translate_coordinates_reply(xcb->connection, ct, NULL);
    if (t) {
      r->x = t->dst_x;
      r->y = t->dst_y;
      free(t);
    } else {
      g_debug("Failed to get translate position of active window, falling back "
              "to mouse location (-5).");
      free(r);
      free(tree_reply);
      return retv;
    }
  }
  if (mon_id == -2) {
    // place the menu above the window
    // if some window is focused, place menu above window, else fall
    // back to selected monitor.
    mon->x = r->x + r->border_width;
    mon->y = r->y + r->border_width;
    mon->w = r->width;
    mon->h = r->height;
    retv = TRUE;
  } else if (mon_id == -4) {
    g_debug("Find monitor at location: %d %d", r->x, r->y);
    monitor_dimensions(r->x, r->y, mon);
    retv = TRUE;
  }
  g_debug("mon pos: %d %d %d-%d", mon->x, mon->y, mon->w, mon->h);
  free(r);
  free(tree_reply);
  return retv;
}
static int monitor_active_from_id(int mon_id, workarea *mon) {
  xcb_window_t root = xcb->screen->root;
  int x, y;
  if (mon == NULL) {
    g_error("%s: mon == NULL", __func__);
    return FALSE;
  }
  g_debug("Monitor id: %d", mon_id);
  // At mouse position.
  if (mon_id == -3) {
    if (pointer_get(root, &x, &y)) {
      monitor_dimensions(x, y, mon);
      mon->x = x;
      mon->y = y;
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  // Focused monitor
  else if (mon_id == -1) {
    g_debug("rofi on current monitor");
    // Get the current desktop.
    unsigned int current_desktop = 0;
    xcb_get_property_cookie_t gcdc;
    gcdc = xcb_ewmh_get_current_desktop(&xcb->ewmh, xcb->screen_nbr);
    if (xcb_ewmh_get_current_desktop_reply(&xcb->ewmh, gcdc, &current_desktop,
                                           NULL)) {
      g_debug("Found current desktop: %u", current_desktop);
      xcb_get_property_cookie_t c =
          xcb_ewmh_get_desktop_viewport(&xcb->ewmh, xcb->screen_nbr);
      xcb_ewmh_get_desktop_viewport_reply_t vp;
      if (xcb_ewmh_get_desktop_viewport_reply(&xcb->ewmh, c, &vp, NULL)) {
        g_debug("Found %d number of desktops", vp.desktop_viewport_len);
        if (current_desktop < vp.desktop_viewport_len) {
          g_debug("Found viewport for desktop: %d %d",
                  vp.desktop_viewport[current_desktop].x,
                  vp.desktop_viewport[current_desktop].y);
          monitor_dimensions(vp.desktop_viewport[current_desktop].x,
                             vp.desktop_viewport[current_desktop].y, mon);
          g_debug("Found monitor @: %d %d %dx%d", mon->x, mon->y, mon->w,
                  mon->h);
          xcb_ewmh_get_desktop_viewport_reply_wipe(&vp);
          return TRUE;
        }
        g_debug("Viewport does not exist for current desktop: %d, falling "
                "back to mouse location (-5)",
                current_desktop);
        xcb_ewmh_get_desktop_viewport_reply_wipe(&vp);
      } else {
        g_debug("Failed to get viewport for current desktop: %d, falling back "
                "to mouse location (-5).",
                current_desktop);
      }
    } else {
      g_debug("Failed to get current desktop, falling back to mouse location "
              "(-5).");
    }
  } else if (mon_id == -2 || mon_id == -4) {
    if (monitor_active_from_id_focused(mon_id, mon)) {
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  // Monitor that has mouse pointer.
  else if (mon_id == -5) {
    if (pointer_get(root, &x, &y)) {
      monitor_dimensions(x, y, mon);
      return TRUE;
    }
    // This is our give up point.
    return FALSE;
  }
  g_debug("Failed to find monitor, fall back to monitor showing mouse.");
  return monitor_active_from_id(-5, mon);
}

// determine which monitor holds the active window, or failing that the mouse
// pointer
/** The cached monitor setup (mon_cache) is populated */
gboolean mon_set = FALSE;
/** cached monitor cache, to avoid multiple roundtrips to fetch this. */
workarea mon_cache = {
    0,
};
int monitor_active(workarea *mon) {
  if (mon == NULL) {
    g_error("%s: mon == NULL", __func__);
    return FALSE;
  }
  g_debug("Monitor active");
  if (mon_set) {
    *mon = mon_cache;
    return TRUE;
  }
  if (config.monitor != NULL) {
    g_debug("Monitor lookup  by name : %s", config.monitor);
    for (workarea *iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
      if (g_strcmp0(config.monitor, iter->name) == 0) {
        *mon = *iter;
        mon_cache = *mon;
        mon_set = TRUE;
        return TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
  g_debug("Monitor lookup  by name failed: %s", config.monitor);
  // Grab primary.
  if (g_strcmp0(config.monitor, "primary") == 0) {
    for (workarea *iter = xcb->monitors; iter; iter = iter->next) {
      if (iter->primary) {
        *mon = *iter;
        mon_cache = *mon;
        mon_set = TRUE;
        return TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
  if (g_str_has_prefix(config.monitor, "wid:")) {
    char *end = NULL;
    xcb_drawable_t win = g_ascii_strtoll(config.monitor + 4, &end, 0);
    if (end != config.monitor) {
      if (monitor_active_from_winid(win, mon)) {
        mon_cache = *mon;
        mon_set = TRUE;
        return TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
  {
    // IF fail, fall back to classic mode.
    char *end = NULL;
    gint64 mon_id = g_ascii_strtoll(config.monitor, &end, 0);
    if (end != config.monitor) {
      if (mon_id >= 0) {
        if (monitor_get_dimension(mon_id, mon)) {
          mon_cache = *mon;
          mon_set = TRUE;
          return TRUE;
        }
        g_warning("Failed to find selected monitor.");
      } else {
        int val = monitor_active_from_id(mon_id, mon);
        mon_cache = *mon;
        mon_set = TRUE;
        return val;
      }
    }
  }
  // Fallback.
  monitor_dimensions(0, 0, mon);
  mon_cache = *mon;
  mon_set = TRUE;
  return FALSE;
}

static bool get_atom_name(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_atom_t atom, char **out) {
  xcb_get_atom_name_cookie_t cookie;
  xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t *reply;
  int length;
  char *name;

  if (atom == 0) {
    *out = NULL;
    return true;
  }

  cookie = xcb_get_atom_name(conn, atom);
  reply = xcb_get_atom_name_reply(conn, cookie, NULL);
  if (!reply)
    return false;

  length = xcb_get_atom_name_name_length(reply);
  name = xcb_get_atom_name_name(reply);

  (*out) = g_strndup(name, length);
  if (!(*out)) {
    free(reply);
    return false;
  }

  free(reply);
  return true;
}

/**
 * @param state Internal state of the menu.
 * @param xse   X selection event.
 *
 * Handle paste event.
 */
static void rofi_view_paste(RofiViewState *state,
                            xcb_selection_notify_event_t *xse) {
  if (xse->property == XCB_ATOM_NONE) {
    g_debug("Failed to convert selection");
  } else if (xse->property == xcb->ewmh.UTF8_STRING) {
    gchar *text = window_get_text_prop(xse->requestor, xcb->ewmh.UTF8_STRING);
    if (text != NULL && text[0] != '\0') {
      unsigned int dl = strlen(text);
      // Strip new line
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dl; i++) {
        if (text[i] == '\n') {
          text[i] = '\0';
        }
      }
      rofi_view_handle_text(state, text);
    }
    g_free(text);
  } else {
    char *out = NULL;
    if (get_atom_name(xcb->connection, xse->property, &out)) {
      g_debug("rofi_view_paste: Got unknown atom: %s", out);
      g_free(out);
    } else {
      g_debug("rofi_view_paste: Got unknown, unnamed: %s", out);
    }
  }
}

static gboolean
x11_button_to_nk_bindings_button(guint32 x11_button,
                                 NkBindingsMouseButton *button) {
  switch (x11_button) {
  case 1:
    *button = NK_BINDINGS_MOUSE_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
    break;
  case 3:
    *button = NK_BINDINGS_MOUSE_BUTTON_SECONDARY;
    break;
  case 2:
    *button = NK_BINDINGS_MOUSE_BUTTON_MIDDLE;
    break;
  case 8:
    *button = NK_BINDINGS_MOUSE_BUTTON_BACK;
    break;
  case 9:
    *button = NK_BINDINGS_MOUSE_BUTTON_FORWARD;
    break;
  case 4:
  case 5:
  case 6:
  case 7:
    return FALSE;
  default:
    *button = NK_BINDINGS_MOUSE_BUTTON_EXTRA + x11_button;
  }
  return TRUE;
}

static gboolean x11_button_to_nk_bindings_scroll(guint32 x11_button,
                                                 NkBindingsScrollAxis *axis,
                                                 gint32 *steps) {
  *steps = 1;
  switch (x11_button) {
  case 4:
    *steps = -1;
  /* fallthrough */
  case 5:
    *axis = NK_BINDINGS_SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL;
    break;
  case 6:
    *steps = -1;
  /* fallthrough */
  case 7:
    *axis = NK_BINDINGS_SCROLL_AXIS_HORIZONTAL;
    break;
  default:
    return FALSE;
  }
  return TRUE;
}

static void rofi_key_press_event_handler(xcb_key_press_event_t *xkpe,
                                         RofiViewState *state) {
  gchar *text;
  g_log("IMDKit", G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "press handler %d", xkpe->detail);

  xcb->last_timestamp = xkpe->time;
  if (config.xserver_i300_workaround) {
    text = nk_bindings_seat_handle_key_with_modmask(
        xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, xkpe->state, xkpe->detail,
        NK_BINDINGS_KEY_STATE_PRESS);
  } else {
    text = nk_bindings_seat_handle_key(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, xkpe->detail,
                                       NK_BINDINGS_KEY_STATE_PRESS);
  }
  if (text != NULL) {
    rofi_view_handle_text(state, text);
    g_free(text);
  }
}

static void rofi_key_release_event_handler(xcb_key_release_event_t *xkre,
                                           G_GNUC_UNUSED RofiViewState *state) {
  g_log("IMDKit", G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "release handler %d", xkre->detail);
  xcb->last_timestamp = xkre->time;
  nk_bindings_seat_handle_key(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, xkre->detail,
                              NK_BINDINGS_KEY_STATE_RELEASE);
}

/**
 * Process X11 events in the main-loop (gui-thread) of the application.
 */
static void main_loop_x11_event_handler_view(xcb_generic_event_t *event) {
  RofiViewState *state = rofi_view_get_active();
  if (state == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  switch (event->response_type & ~0x80) {
  case XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE: {
    xcb_client_message_event_t *cme = (xcb_client_message_event_t *)event;
    xcb_atom_t atom = cme->data.data32[0];
    xcb_timestamp_t time = cme->data.data32[1];
    if (atom == netatoms[WM_TAKE_FOCUS]) {
      xcb_set_input_focus(xcb->connection, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_NONE, cme->window,
                          time);
      xcb_flush(xcb->connection);
    }
    break;
  }
  case XCB_DESTROY_NOTIFY: {
    xcb_window_t win = ((xcb_destroy_notify_event_t *)event)->window;
    if (win != rofi_view_get_window()) {
#ifdef WINDOW_MODE
      window_client_handle_signal(win, FALSE);
#endif
    } else {
      g_main_loop_quit(xcb->main_loop);
    }
    break;
  }
  case XCB_CREATE_NOTIFY: {
    xcb_window_t win = ((xcb_create_notify_event_t *)event)->window;
    if (win != rofi_view_get_window()) {
#ifdef WINDOW_MODE
      window_client_handle_signal(win, TRUE);
#endif
    }
    break;
  }
  case XCB_EXPOSE:
    rofi_view_frame_callback();
    break;
  case XCB_CONFIGURE_NOTIFY: {
    xcb_configure_notify_event_t *xce = (xcb_configure_notify_event_t *)event;
    rofi_view_temp_configure_notify(state, xce);
    break;
  }
  case XCB_MOTION_NOTIFY: {
    xcb_motion_notify_event_t *xme = (xcb_motion_notify_event_t *)event;
    gboolean button_mask = xme->state & XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_1_MOTION;
    rofi_view_handle_mouse_motion(state, xme->event_x, xme->event_y,
                                  !button_mask && config.hover_select);
    break;
  }
  case XCB_BUTTON_PRESS: {
    xcb_button_press_event_t *bpe = (xcb_button_press_event_t *)event;
    NkBindingsMouseButton button;
    NkBindingsScrollAxis axis;
    gint32 steps;

    xcb->last_timestamp = bpe->time;
    rofi_view_handle_mouse_motion(state, bpe->event_x, bpe->event_y, FALSE);
    if (x11_button_to_nk_bindings_button(bpe->detail, &button)) {
      nk_bindings_seat_handle_button(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, button,
                                     NK_BINDINGS_BUTTON_STATE_PRESS, bpe->time);
    } else if (x11_button_to_nk_bindings_scroll(bpe->detail, &axis, &steps)) {
      nk_bindings_seat_handle_scroll(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, axis, steps);
    }
    xcb->mouse_seen++;
    break;
  }
  case XCB_SELECTION_CLEAR: {
    g_debug("Selection Clear.");
    xcb_stuff_set_clipboard(NULL);
  } break;
  case XCB_SELECTION_REQUEST: {
    g_debug("Selection Request.");
    xcb_selection_request_event_t *req = (xcb_selection_request_event_t *)event;
    if (req->selection == netatoms[CLIPBOARD]) {
      xcb_atom_t targets[2];
      xcb_selection_notify_event_t selection_notify = {
          .response_type = XCB_SELECTION_NOTIFY,
          .sequence = 0,
          .time = req->time,
          .requestor = req->requestor,
          .selection = req->selection,
          .target = req->target,
          .property = XCB_ATOM_NONE,
      };
      // If no clipboard, we return NONE.
      if (xcb->clipboard) {
        // Request for UTF-8
        if (req->target == netatoms[UTF8_STRING]) {
          g_debug("Selection Request UTF-8.");
          xcb_change_property(xcb->connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
                              req->requestor, req->property,
                              netatoms[UTF8_STRING], 8,
                              strlen(xcb->clipboard) + 1, xcb->clipboard);
          selection_notify.property = req->property;
        } else if (req->target == netatoms[TARGETS]) {
          g_debug("Selection Request Targets.");
          // We currently only support UTF8 from clipboard. So indicate this.
          targets[0] = netatoms[UTF8_STRING];
          xcb_change_property(xcb->connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
                              req->requestor, req->property, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32,
                              1, targets);
          selection_notify.property = req->property;
        }
      }

      xcb_send_event(xcb->connection,
                     0, // propagate
                     req->requestor, XCB_EVENT_MASK_NO_EVENT,
                     (const char *)&selection_notify);
      xcb_flush(xcb->connection);
    }
  } break;
  case XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE: {
    xcb_button_release_event_t *bre = (xcb_button_release_event_t *)event;
    NkBindingsMouseButton button;

    xcb->last_timestamp = bre->time;
    if (x11_button_to_nk_bindings_button(bre->detail, &button)) {
      nk_bindings_seat_handle_button(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, button,
                                     NK_BINDINGS_BUTTON_STATE_RELEASE,
                                     bre->time);
    }
    if (config.click_to_exit == TRUE) {
      if (!xcb->mouse_seen) {
        rofi_view_temp_click_to_exit(state, bre->event);
      }
      xcb->mouse_seen--;
    }
    break;
  }
  // Paste event.
  case XCB_SELECTION_NOTIFY:
    rofi_view_paste(state, (xcb_selection_notify_event_t *)event);
    break;
  case XCB_KEYMAP_NOTIFY: {
    xcb_keymap_notify_event_t *kne = (xcb_keymap_notify_event_t *)event;
    for (gint32 by = 0; by < 31; ++by) {
      for (gint8 bi = 0; bi < 7; ++bi) {
        if (kne->keys[by] & (1 << bi)) {
          // X11 keycodes starts at 8
          nk_bindings_seat_handle_key(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL,
                                      (8 * by + bi) + 8,
                                      NK_BINDINGS_KEY_STATE_PRESSED);
        }
      }
    }
    break;
  }
  case XCB_KEY_PRESS: {
    xcb_key_press_event_t *xkpe = (xcb_key_press_event_t *)event;
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
    if (xcb->ic) {
      g_log("IMDKit", G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "press key %d to xim", xkpe->detail);
      xcb_xim_forward_event(xcb->im, xcb->ic, xkpe);
      return;
    } else
#endif
    {
      rofi_key_press_event_handler(xkpe, state);
    }
    break;
  }
  case XCB_KEY_RELEASE: {
    xcb_key_release_event_t *xkre = (xcb_key_release_event_t *)event;
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
    if (xcb->ic) {
      g_log("IMDKit", G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "release key %d to xim", xkre->detail);

      // Check if the keysym is a modifier key (e.g., Shift, Ctrl, Alt). If it
      // is, sleep for 5 milliseconds as a workaround for XCB XIM limitation.
      // This sleep helps to ensure that XCB XIM can properly handle subsequent
      // key events that may occur rapidly after a modifier key is pressed.
      xcb_keysym_t sym = xcb_key_press_lookup_keysym(xcb->syms, xkre, 0);
      if (xcb_is_modifier_key(sym)) {
        struct timespec five_millis = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 5000000};
        nanosleep(&five_millis, NULL);
      }
      xcb_xim_forward_event(xcb->im, xcb->ic, xkre);
      return;
    } else
#endif
    {
      rofi_key_release_event_handler(xkre, state);
    }
    break;
  }
  default:
    break;
  }
  rofi_view_maybe_update(state);
}

#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
void x11_event_handler_fowarding(G_GNUC_UNUSED xcb_xim_t *im,
                                 G_GNUC_UNUSED xcb_xic_t ic,
                                 xcb_key_press_event_t *event,
                                 G_GNUC_UNUSED void *user_data) {
  RofiViewState *state = rofi_view_get_active();
  if (state == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  uint8_t type = event->response_type & ~0x80;
  if (type == XCB_KEY_PRESS) {
    rofi_key_press_event_handler(event, state);
  } else if (type == XCB_KEY_RELEASE) {
    xcb_key_release_event_t *xkre = (xcb_key_release_event_t *)event;
    rofi_key_release_event_handler(xkre, state);
  }
  rofi_view_maybe_update(state);
}
#endif

static gboolean main_loop_x11_event_handler(xcb_generic_event_t *ev,
                                            G_GNUC_UNUSED gpointer user_data) {
  if (ev == NULL) {
    int status = xcb_connection_has_error(xcb->connection);
    if (status > 0) {
      g_warning("The XCB connection to X server had a fatal error: %d", status);
      g_main_loop_quit(xcb->main_loop);
      return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
    }
    // DD: it seems this handler often gets dispatched while the queue in GWater
    // is empty. resulting in a NULL for ev. This seems not an error.
    // g_warning("main_loop_x11_event_handler: ev == NULL, status == %d",
    // status);
    return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
  }

#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
  if (xcb->im && xcb_xim_filter_event(xcb->im, ev))
    return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
#endif

  uint8_t type = ev->response_type & ~0x80;
  if (type == xcb->xkb.first_event) {
    switch (ev->pad0) {
    case XCB_XKB_MAP_NOTIFY: {
      struct xkb_keymap *keymap = xkb_x11_keymap_new_from_device(
          nk_bindings_seat_get_context(xcb->bindings_seat), xcb->connection,
          xcb->xkb.device_id, 0);
      struct xkb_state *state = xkb_x11_state_new_from_device(
          keymap, xcb->connection, xcb->xkb.device_id);
      nk_bindings_seat_update_keymap(xcb->bindings_seat, keymap, state);
      xkb_keymap_unref(keymap);
      xkb_state_unref(state);
      break;
    }
    case XCB_XKB_STATE_NOTIFY: {
      xcb_xkb_state_notify_event_t *ksne = (xcb_xkb_state_notify_event_t *)ev;
      nk_bindings_seat_update_mask(xcb->bindings_seat, NULL, ksne->baseMods,
                                   ksne->latchedMods, ksne->lockedMods,
                                   ksne->baseGroup, ksne->latchedGroup,
                                   ksne->lockedGroup);
      rofi_view_maybe_update(rofi_view_get_active());
      break;
    }
    }
    return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
  }
  if (xcb->sndisplay != NULL) {
    sn_xcb_display_process_event(xcb->sndisplay, ev);
  }

  main_loop_x11_event_handler_view(ev);
  return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}

void rofi_xcb_set_input_focus(xcb_window_t w) {
  if (config.steal_focus != TRUE) {
    xcb->focus_revert = 0;
    return;
  }
  xcb_generic_error_t *error;
  xcb_get_input_focus_reply_t *freply;
  xcb_get_input_focus_cookie_t fcookie = xcb_get_input_focus(xcb->connection);
  freply = xcb_get_input_focus_reply(xcb->connection, fcookie, &error);
  if (error != NULL) {
    g_warning("Could not get input focus (error %d), will revert focus to best "
              "effort",
              error->error_code);
    free(error);
    xcb->focus_revert = 0;
  } else {
    xcb->focus_revert = freply->focus;
  }
  xcb_set_input_focus(xcb->connection, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, w,
                      XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  xcb_flush(xcb->connection);
}

void rofi_xcb_revert_input_focus(void) {
  if (xcb->focus_revert == 0) {
    return;
  }

  xcb_set_input_focus(xcb->connection, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
                      xcb->focus_revert, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  xcb_flush(xcb->connection);
}

static int take_pointer(xcb_window_t w, int iters) {
  int i = 0;
  while (TRUE) {
    if (xcb_connection_has_error(xcb->connection)) {
      g_warning("Connection has error");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    xcb_grab_pointer_cookie_t cc =
        xcb_grab_pointer(xcb->connection, 1, w, XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE,
                         XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, w, XCB_NONE,
                         XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
    xcb_grab_pointer_reply_t *r =
        xcb_grab_pointer_reply(xcb->connection, cc, NULL);
    if (r) {
      if (r->status == XCB_GRAB_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        free(r);
        return 1;
      }
      free(r);
    }
    if ((++i) > iters) {
      break;
    }
    struct timespec del = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 1000000};
    nanosleep(&del, NULL);
  }
  return 0;
}

static int take_keyboard(xcb_window_t w, int iters) {
  int i = 0;
  while (TRUE) {
    if (xcb_connection_has_error(xcb->connection)) {
      g_warning("Connection has error");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    xcb_grab_keyboard_cookie_t cc =
        xcb_grab_keyboard(xcb->connection, 1, w, XCB_CURRENT_TIME,
                          XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC);
    xcb_grab_keyboard_reply_t *r =
        xcb_grab_keyboard_reply(xcb->connection, cc, NULL);
    if (r) {
      if (r->status == XCB_GRAB_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        free(r);
        return 1;
      }
      free(r);
    }
    if ((++i) > iters) {
      break;
    }
    struct timespec del = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 1000000};
    nanosleep(&del, NULL);
  }
  return 0;
}

static void release_keyboard(void) {
  xcb_ungrab_keyboard(xcb->connection, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
}
static void release_pointer(void) {
  xcb_ungrab_pointer(xcb->connection, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
}

/** X server error depth. to handle nested errors. */
static int error_trap_depth = 0;
static void error_trap_push(G_GNUC_UNUSED SnDisplay *display,
                            G_GNUC_UNUSED xcb_connection_t *xdisplay) {
  ++error_trap_depth;
}

static void error_trap_pop(G_GNUC_UNUSED SnDisplay *display,
                           xcb_connection_t *xdisplay) {
  if (error_trap_depth == 0) {
    g_warning("Error trap underflow!");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  xcb_flush(xdisplay);
  --error_trap_depth;
}

/**
 * Fill in the list of frequently used X11 Atoms.
 */
static void x11_create_frequently_used_atoms(void) {
  // X atom values
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_NETATOMS; i++) {
    xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t cc = xcb_intern_atom(
        xcb->connection, 0, strlen(netatom_names[i]), netatom_names[i]);
    xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *r =
        xcb_intern_atom_reply(xcb->connection, cc, NULL);
    if (r) {
      netatoms[i] = r->atom;
      free(r);
    }
  }
}

char *x11_helper_get_window_manager(void) {
  char *retv = NULL;
  xcb_window_t wm_win = 0;
  xcb_get_property_cookie_t cc = xcb_ewmh_get_supporting_wm_check_unchecked(
      &xcb->ewmh, xcb_stuff_get_root_window());

  if (xcb_ewmh_get_supporting_wm_check_reply(&xcb->ewmh, cc, &wm_win, NULL)) {
    xcb_ewmh_get_utf8_strings_reply_t wtitle;
    xcb_get_property_cookie_t cookie =
        xcb_ewmh_get_wm_name_unchecked(&(xcb->ewmh), wm_win);
    if (xcb_ewmh_get_wm_name_reply(&(xcb->ewmh), cookie, &wtitle, (void *)0)) {
      if (wtitle.strings_len > 0) {
        retv = g_strndup(wtitle.strings, wtitle.strings_len);
      }
      xcb_ewmh_get_utf8_strings_reply_wipe(&wtitle);
    }
  }
  return retv;
}

static void x11_helper_discover_window_manager(void) {
  xcb_window_t wm_win = 0;
  xcb_get_property_cookie_t cc = xcb_ewmh_get_supporting_wm_check_unchecked(
      &xcb->ewmh, xcb_stuff_get_root_window());

  if (xcb_ewmh_get_supporting_wm_check_reply(&xcb->ewmh, cc, &wm_win, NULL)) {
    xcb_ewmh_get_utf8_strings_reply_t wtitle;
    xcb_get_property_cookie_t cookie =
        xcb_ewmh_get_wm_name_unchecked(&(xcb->ewmh), wm_win);
    if (xcb_ewmh_get_wm_name_reply(&(xcb->ewmh), cookie, &wtitle, (void *)0)) {
      if (wtitle.strings_len > 0) {
        // Copy the string and add terminating '\0'.
        char *str = g_strndup(wtitle.strings, wtitle.strings_len);
        g_debug("Found window manager: |%s|", str);
        if (g_strcmp0(str, "i3") == 0) {
          current_window_manager =
              WM_DO_NOT_CHANGE_CURRENT_DESKTOP | WM_PANGO_WORKSPACE_NAMES;
        }
        g_free(str);
      }
      xcb_ewmh_get_utf8_strings_reply_wipe(&wtitle);
    }
  }
}

gboolean display_setup(GMainLoop *main_loop, NkBindings *bindings) {
  // Get DISPLAY, first env, then argument.
  // We never modify display_str content.
  char *display_str = (char *)g_getenv("DISPLAY");
  find_arg_str("-display", &display_str);

  xcb->main_loop = main_loop;
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
  xcb_compound_text_init();
#endif
  xcb->source = g_water_xcb_source_new(g_main_loop_get_context(xcb->main_loop),
                                       display_str, &xcb->screen_nbr,
                                       main_loop_x11_event_handler, NULL, NULL);
  if (xcb->source == NULL) {
    g_warning("Failed to open display: %s", display_str);
    return FALSE;
  }
  xcb->connection = g_water_xcb_source_get_connection(xcb->source);
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
  xcb->im = xcb_xim_create(xcb->connection, xcb->screen_nbr, NULL);
  xcb->syms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(xcb->connection);
#endif

#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
#ifndef XCB_IMDKIT_1_0_3_LOWER
  xcb_xim_set_use_compound_text(xcb->im, true);
  xcb_xim_set_use_utf8_string(xcb->im, true);
#endif
#endif

  TICK_N("Open Display");

  xcb->screen = xcb_aux_get_screen(xcb->connection, xcb->screen_nbr);

  x11_build_monitor_layout();

  xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t *ac =
      xcb_ewmh_init_atoms(xcb->connection, &xcb->ewmh);
  xcb_generic_error_t *errors = NULL;
  xcb_ewmh_init_atoms_replies(&xcb->ewmh, ac, &errors);
  if (errors) {
    g_warning("Failed to create EWMH atoms");
    free(errors);
  }
  // Discover the current active window manager.
  x11_helper_discover_window_manager();
  TICK_N("Setup XCB");

  if (xkb_x11_setup_xkb_extension(
          xcb->connection, XKB_X11_MIN_MAJOR_XKB_VERSION,
          XKB_X11_MIN_MINOR_XKB_VERSION, XKB_X11_SETUP_XKB_EXTENSION_NO_FLAGS,
          NULL, NULL, &xcb->xkb.first_event, NULL) < 0) {
    g_warning("cannot setup XKB extension!");
    return FALSE;
  }

  xcb->xkb.device_id = xkb_x11_get_core_keyboard_device_id(xcb->connection);

  enum {
    required_events =
        (XCB_XKB_EVENT_TYPE_NEW_KEYBOARD_NOTIFY |
         XCB_XKB_EVENT_TYPE_MAP_NOTIFY | XCB_XKB_EVENT_TYPE_STATE_NOTIFY),

    required_nkn_details = (XCB_XKB_NKN_DETAIL_KEYCODES),

    required_map_parts =
        (XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_KEY_TYPES | XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_KEY_SYMS |
         XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_MODIFIER_MAP | XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_EXPLICIT_COMPONENTS |
         XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_KEY_ACTIONS | XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_VIRTUAL_MODS |
         XCB_XKB_MAP_PART_VIRTUAL_MOD_MAP),

    required_state_details =
        (XCB_XKB_STATE_PART_MODIFIER_BASE | XCB_XKB_STATE_PART_MODIFIER_LATCH |
         XCB_XKB_STATE_PART_MODIFIER_LOCK | XCB_XKB_STATE_PART_GROUP_BASE |
         XCB_XKB_STATE_PART_GROUP_LATCH | XCB_XKB_STATE_PART_GROUP_LOCK),
  };

  static const xcb_xkb_select_events_details_t details = {
      .affectNewKeyboard = required_nkn_details,
      .newKeyboardDetails = required_nkn_details,
      .affectState = required_state_details,
      .stateDetails = required_state_details,
  };
  xcb_xkb_select_events(xcb->connection, xcb->xkb.device_id,
                        required_events,    /* affectWhich */
                        0,                  /* clear */
                        required_events,    /* selectAll */
                        required_map_parts, /* affectMap */
                        required_map_parts, /* map */
                        &details);

  xcb->bindings_seat = nk_bindings_seat_new(bindings, XKB_CONTEXT_NO_FLAGS);
  struct xkb_keymap *keymap = xkb_x11_keymap_new_from_device(
      nk_bindings_seat_get_context(xcb->bindings_seat), xcb->connection,
      xcb->xkb.device_id, XKB_KEYMAP_COMPILE_NO_FLAGS);
  if (keymap == NULL) {
    g_warning("Failed to get Keymap for current keyboard device.");
    return FALSE;
  }
  struct xkb_state *state = xkb_x11_state_new_from_device(
      keymap, xcb->connection, xcb->xkb.device_id);
  if (state == NULL) {
    g_warning("Failed to get state object for current keyboard device.");
    return FALSE;
  }

  nk_bindings_seat_update_keymap(xcb->bindings_seat, keymap, state);
  xkb_state_unref(state);
  xkb_keymap_unref(keymap);

  // determine numlock mask so we can bind on keys with and without it
  x11_create_frequently_used_atoms();

  if (xcb_connection_has_error(xcb->connection)) {
    g_warning("Connection has error");
    return FALSE;
  }

  uint32_t val[] = {XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY};

  xcb_change_window_attributes(xcb->connection, xcb_stuff_get_root_window(),
                               XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, val);

  // startup not.
  xcb->sndisplay =
      sn_xcb_display_new(xcb->connection, error_trap_push, error_trap_pop);
  if (xcb_connection_has_error(xcb->connection)) {
    g_warning("Connection has error");
    return FALSE;
  }

  if (xcb->sndisplay != NULL) {
    xcb->sncontext = sn_launchee_context_new_from_environment(xcb->sndisplay,
                                                              xcb->screen_nbr);
  }
  if (xcb_connection_has_error(xcb->connection)) {
    g_warning("Connection has error");
    return FALSE;
  }

  return TRUE;
}

static void x11_create_visual_and_colormap(void) {
  xcb_depth_t *root_depth = NULL;
  xcb_depth_iterator_t depth_iter;
  for (depth_iter = xcb_screen_allowed_depths_iterator(xcb->screen);
       depth_iter.rem; xcb_depth_next(&depth_iter)) {
    xcb_depth_t *d = depth_iter.data;

    xcb_visualtype_iterator_t visual_iter;
    for (visual_iter = xcb_depth_visuals_iterator(d); visual_iter.rem;
         xcb_visualtype_next(&visual_iter)) {
      xcb_visualtype_t *v = visual_iter.data;
      if ((v->bits_per_rgb_value == 8) && (d->depth == 32) &&
          (v->_class == XCB_VISUAL_CLASS_TRUE_COLOR)) {
        depth = d;
        visual = v;
      }
      if (xcb->screen->root_visual == v->visual_id) {
        root_depth = d;
        root_visual = v;
      }
    }
  }
  if (visual != NULL) {
    xcb_void_cookie_t c;
    xcb_generic_error_t *e;
    map = xcb_generate_id(xcb->connection);
    c = xcb_create_colormap_checked(xcb->connection, XCB_COLORMAP_ALLOC_NONE,
                                    map, xcb->screen->root, visual->visual_id);
    e = xcb_request_check(xcb->connection, c);
    if (e) {
      depth = NULL;
      visual = NULL;
      free(e);
    }
  }

  if (visual == NULL) {
    depth = root_depth;
    visual = root_visual;
    map = xcb->screen->default_colormap;
  }
}

static void x11_lookup_cursors(void) {
  xcb_cursor_context_t *ctx;

  if (xcb_cursor_context_new(xcb->connection, xcb->screen, &ctx) < 0) {
    return;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_CURSORS; ++i) {
    cursors[i] = xcb_cursor_load_cursor(ctx, cursor_names[i].css_name);

    if (cursors[i] == XCB_CURSOR_NONE) {
      cursors[i] =
          xcb_cursor_load_cursor(ctx, cursor_names[i].traditional_name);
    }
  }

  xcb_cursor_context_free(ctx);
}

/** Retry count of grabbing keyboard. */
unsigned int lazy_grab_retry_count_kb = 0;
/** Retry count of grabbing pointer. */
unsigned int lazy_grab_retry_count_pt = 0;
static gboolean lazy_grab_pointer(G_GNUC_UNUSED gpointer data) {
  // After 5 sec.
  if (lazy_grab_retry_count_pt > (5 * 1000)) {
    g_warning("Failed to grab pointer after %u times. Giving up.",
              lazy_grab_retry_count_pt);
    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
  }
  if (take_pointer(xcb_stuff_get_root_window(), 0)) {
    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
  }
  lazy_grab_retry_count_pt++;
  return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}
static gboolean lazy_grab_keyboard(G_GNUC_UNUSED gpointer data) {
  // After 5 sec.
  if (lazy_grab_retry_count_kb > (5 * 1000)) {
    g_warning("Failed to grab keyboard after %u times. Giving up.",
              lazy_grab_retry_count_kb);
    g_main_loop_quit(xcb->main_loop);
    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
  }
  if (take_keyboard(xcb_stuff_get_root_window(), 0)) {
    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
  }
  lazy_grab_retry_count_kb++;
  return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}

gboolean display_late_setup(void) {
  x11_create_visual_and_colormap();

  x11_lookup_cursors();

  /**
   * Create window (without showing)
   */
  // Try to grab the keyboard as early as possible.
  // We grab this using the rootwindow (as dmenu does it).
  // this seems to result in the smallest delay for most people.
  if (find_arg("-normal-window") >= 0 || find_arg("-transient-window") >= 0) {
    return TRUE;
  }
  if (find_arg("-no-lazy-grab") >= 0) {
    if (!take_keyboard(xcb_stuff_get_root_window(), 500)) {
      g_warning("Failed to grab keyboard, even after %d uS.", 500 * 1000);
      return FALSE;
    }
    if (!take_pointer(xcb_stuff_get_root_window(), 100)) {
      g_warning("Failed to grab mouse pointer, even after %d uS.", 100 * 1000);
    }
  } else {
    if (!take_keyboard(xcb_stuff_get_root_window(), 0)) {
      g_timeout_add(1, lazy_grab_keyboard, NULL);
    }
    if (!take_pointer(xcb_stuff_get_root_window(), 0)) {
      g_timeout_add(1, lazy_grab_pointer, NULL);
    }
  }
  return TRUE;
}

xcb_window_t xcb_stuff_get_root_window(void) { return xcb->screen->root; }

void display_early_cleanup(void) {
  release_keyboard();
  release_pointer();
  xcb_flush(xcb->connection);
}

void display_cleanup(void) {
  if (xcb->connection == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  g_debug("Cleaning up XCB and XKB");

  nk_bindings_seat_free(xcb->bindings_seat);
  if (xcb->sncontext != NULL) {
    sn_launchee_context_unref(xcb->sncontext);
    xcb->sncontext = NULL;
  }
  if (xcb->sndisplay != NULL) {
    sn_display_unref(xcb->sndisplay);
    xcb->sndisplay = NULL;
  }
  x11_monitors_free();
  xcb_ewmh_connection_wipe(&(xcb->ewmh));
  xcb_flush(xcb->connection);
  xcb_aux_sync(xcb->connection);
#ifdef XCB_IMDKIT
  xcb_xim_close(xcb->im);
  xcb_xim_destroy(xcb->im);
  xcb->im = NULL;
#endif
  g_water_xcb_source_free(xcb->source);
  xcb->source = NULL;
  xcb->connection = NULL;
  xcb->screen = NULL;
  xcb->screen_nbr = 0;
}

void x11_disable_decoration(xcb_window_t window) {
  // Flag used to indicate we are setting the decoration type.
  const uint32_t MWM_HINTS_DECORATIONS = (1 << 1);
  // Motif property data structure
  struct MotifWMHints {
    uint32_t flags;
    uint32_t functions;
    uint32_t decorations;
    int32_t inputMode;
    uint32_t state;
  };

  struct MotifWMHints hints;
  hints.flags = MWM_HINTS_DECORATIONS;
  hints.decorations = 0;
  hints.functions = 0;
  hints.inputMode = 0;
  hints.state = 0;

  xcb_atom_t ha = netatoms[_MOTIF_WM_HINTS];
  xcb_change_property(xcb->connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, window, ha, ha,
                      32, 5, &hints);
}

void x11_set_cursor(xcb_window_t window, X11CursorType type) {
  if (type < 0 || type >= NUM_CURSORS) {
    return;
  }

  if (cursors[type] == XCB_CURSOR_NONE) {
    return;
  }

  xcb_change_window_attributes(xcb->connection, window, XCB_CW_CURSOR,
                               &(cursors[type]));
}
void xcb_stuff_set_clipboard(char *data) {
  g_free(xcb->clipboard);
  xcb->clipboard = data;
}