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feat(terminal): Add ratatui::init() and restore() methods (#1289)

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These are simple opinionated methods for creating a terminal that is
useful to use in most apps. The new init method creates a crossterm
backend writing to stdout, enables raw mode, enters the alternate
screen, and sets a panic handler that restores the terminal on panic.

A minimal hello world now looks a bit like:

```rust
use ratatui::{
    crossterm::event::{self, Event},
    text::Text,
    Frame,
};

fn main() {
    let mut terminal = ratatui::init();
    loop {
        terminal
            .draw(|frame: &mut Frame| frame.render_widget(Text::raw("Hello World!"), frame.area()))
            .expect("Failed to draw");
        if matches!(event::read().expect("failed to read event"), Event::Key(_)) {
            break;
        }
    }
    ratatui::restore();
}
```

A type alias `DefaultTerminal` is added to represent this terminal
type and to simplify any cases where applications need to pass this
terminal around. It is equivalent to:
`Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>`

We also added `ratatui::try_init()` and `try_restore()`, for situations
where you might want to handle initialization errors yourself instead
of letting the panic handler fire and cleanup. Simple Apps should
prefer the `init` and `restore` functions over these functions.

Corresponding functions to allow passing a `TerminalOptions` with
a `Viewport` (e.g. inline, fixed) are also available
(`init_with_options`,
and `try_init_with_options`).

The existing code to create a backend and terminal will remain and
is not deprecated by this approach. This just provides a simple one
line initialization using the common options.

---------

Co-authored-by: Orhun Parmaksız <orhunparmaksiz@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Josh McKinney 2024-08-22 05:16:35 -07:00 committed by GitHub
parent 23516bce76
commit ed51c4b342
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GPG key ID: B5690EEEBB952194
45 changed files with 1485 additions and 2511 deletions
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2
Cargo.toml
View file

@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ doc-scrape-examples = true
[[example]]
name = "hyperlink"
required-features = ["crossterm", "unstable-widget-ref"]
required-features = ["crossterm"]
doc-scrape-examples = true
[[example]]

161
examples/async.rs
View file

@ -42,24 +42,21 @@ use octocrab::{
};
use ratatui::{
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::event::{Event, EventStream, KeyCode},
layout::{Constraint, Offset, Rect},
style::{Modifier, Stylize},
crossterm::event::{Event, EventStream, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
widgets::{
Block, BorderType, HighlightSpacing, Row, StatefulWidget, Table, TableState, Widget,
},
widgets::{Block, HighlightSpacing, Row, StatefulWidget, Table, TableState, Widget},
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
use self::terminal::Terminal;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
init_octocrab()?;
let terminal = terminal::init()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal).await;
terminal::restore();
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
@ -78,48 +75,45 @@ fn init_octocrab() -> Result<()> {
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct App {
should_quit: bool,
pulls: PullRequestsWidget,
pull_requests: PullRequestListWidget,
}
impl App {
const FRAMES_PER_SECOND: f32 = 60.0;
pub async fn run(mut self, mut terminal: Terminal) -> Result<()> {
self.pulls.run();
pub async fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
self.pull_requests.run();
let mut interval =
tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs_f32(1.0 / Self::FRAMES_PER_SECOND));
let period = Duration::from_secs_f32(1.0 / Self::FRAMES_PER_SECOND);
let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(period);
let mut events = EventStream::new();
while !self.should_quit {
tokio::select! {
_ = interval.tick() => self.draw(&mut terminal)?,
Some(Ok(event)) = events.next() => self.handle_event(&event),
_ = interval.tick() => { terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?; },
Some(Ok(event)) = events.next() => self.handle_event(&event),
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal) -> Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| {
let area = frame.area();
frame.render_widget(
Line::from("ratatui async example").centered().cyan().bold(),
area,
);
let area = area.offset(Offset { x: 0, y: 1 }).intersection(area);
frame.render_widget(&self.pulls, area);
})?;
Ok(())
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(1), Constraint::Fill(1)]);
let [title_area, body_area] = vertical.areas(frame.area());
let title = Line::from("Ratatui async example").centered().bold();
frame.render_widget(title, title_area);
frame.render_widget(&self.pull_requests, body_area);
}
fn handle_event(&mut self, event: &Event) {
if let Event::Key(event) = event {
match event.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') => self.should_quit = true,
KeyCode::Char('j') => self.pulls.scroll_down(),
KeyCode::Char('k') => self.pulls.scroll_up(),
_ => {}
if let Event::Key(key) = event {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') | KeyCode::Esc => self.should_quit = true,
KeyCode::Char('j') | KeyCode::Down => self.pull_requests.scroll_down(),
KeyCode::Char('k') | KeyCode::Up => self.pull_requests.scroll_up(),
_ => {}
}
}
}
}
@ -128,19 +122,19 @@ impl App {
/// A widget that displays a list of pull requests.
///
/// This is an async widget that fetches the list of pull requests from the GitHub API. It contains
/// an inner `Arc<RwLock<PullRequests>>` that holds the state of the widget. Cloning the widget
/// will clone the Arc, so you can pass it around to other threads, and this is used to spawn a
/// background task to fetch the pull requests.
/// an inner `Arc<RwLock<PullRequestListState>>` that holds the state of the widget. Cloning the
/// widget will clone the Arc, so you can pass it around to other threads, and this is used to spawn
/// a background task to fetch the pull requests.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct PullRequestsWidget {
inner: Arc<RwLock<PullRequests>>,
selected_index: usize, // no need to lock this since it's only accessed by the main thread
struct PullRequestListWidget {
state: Arc<RwLock<PullRequestListState>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct PullRequests {
pulls: Vec<PullRequest>,
struct PullRequestListState {
pull_requests: Vec<PullRequest>,
loading_state: LoadingState,
table_state: TableState,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@ -159,7 +153,7 @@ enum LoadingState {
Error(String),
}
impl PullRequestsWidget {
impl PullRequestListWidget {
/// Start fetching the pull requests in the background.
///
/// This method spawns a background task that fetches the pull requests from the GitHub API.
@ -187,9 +181,12 @@ impl PullRequestsWidget {
}
fn on_load(&self, page: &Page<OctoPullRequest>) {
let prs = page.items.iter().map(Into::into);
let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
inner.loading_state = LoadingState::Loaded;
inner.pulls.extend(prs);
let mut state = self.state.write().unwrap();
state.loading_state = LoadingState::Loaded;
state.pull_requests.extend(prs);
if !state.pull_requests.is_empty() {
state.table_state.select(Some(0));
}
}
fn on_err(&self, err: &octocrab::Error) {
@ -197,15 +194,15 @@ impl PullRequestsWidget {
}
fn set_loading_state(&self, state: LoadingState) {
self.inner.write().unwrap().loading_state = state;
self.state.write().unwrap().loading_state = state;
}
fn scroll_down(&mut self) {
self.selected_index = self.selected_index.saturating_add(1);
fn scroll_down(&self) {
self.state.write().unwrap().table_state.scroll_down_by(1);
}
fn scroll_up(&mut self) {
self.selected_index = self.selected_index.saturating_sub(1);
fn scroll_up(&self) {
self.state.write().unwrap().table_state.scroll_up_by(1);
}
}
@ -225,19 +222,19 @@ impl From<&OctoPullRequest> for PullRequest {
}
}
impl Widget for &PullRequestsWidget {
impl Widget for &PullRequestListWidget {
fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
let inner = self.inner.read().unwrap();
let mut state = self.state.write().unwrap();
// a block with a right aligned title with the loading state
let loading_state = Line::from(format!("{:?}", inner.loading_state)).right_aligned();
// a block with a right aligned title with the loading state on the right
let loading_state = Line::from(format!("{:?}", state.loading_state)).right_aligned();
let block = Block::bordered()
.border_type(BorderType::Rounded)
.title("Pull Requests")
.title(loading_state);
.title(loading_state)
.title_bottom("j/k to scroll, q to quit");
// a table with the list of pull requests
let rows = inner.pulls.iter();
let rows = state.pull_requests.iter();
let widths = [
Constraint::Length(5),
Constraint::Fill(1),
@ -247,10 +244,9 @@ impl Widget for &PullRequestsWidget {
.block(block)
.highlight_spacing(HighlightSpacing::Always)
.highlight_symbol(">>")
.highlight_style(Modifier::REVERSED);
let mut table_state = TableState::new().with_selected(self.selected_index);
.highlight_style(Style::new().on_blue());
StatefulWidget::render(table, area, buf, &mut table_state);
StatefulWidget::render(table, area, buf, &mut state.table_state);
}
}
@ -260,46 +256,3 @@ impl From<&PullRequest> for Row<'_> {
Row::new(vec![pr.id, pr.title, pr.url])
}
}
mod terminal {
use std::io;
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
execute,
terminal::{
disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen,
},
},
};
/// A type alias for the terminal type used in this example.
pub type Terminal = ratatui::Terminal<CrosstermBackend<io::Stdout>>;
pub fn init() -> io::Result<Terminal> {
set_panic_hook();
enable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(io::stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(io::stdout());
Terminal::new(backend)
}
fn set_panic_hook() {
let hook = std::panic::take_hook();
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
restore();
hook(info);
}));
}
/// Restores the terminal to its original state.
pub fn restore() {
if let Err(err) = disable_raw_mode() {
eprintln!("error disabling raw mode: {err}");
}
if let Err(err) = execute!(io::stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen) {
eprintln!("error leaving alternate screen: {err}");
}
}
}

103
examples/barchart-grouped.rs
View file

@ -17,15 +17,21 @@ use std::iter::zip;
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Direction, Layout},
style::{Color, Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
widgets::{Bar, BarChart, BarGroup, Block},
Frame,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
use self::terminal::Terminal;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
const COMPANY_COUNT: usize = 3;
const PERIOD_COUNT: usize = 4;
@ -47,15 +53,6 @@ struct Company {
color: Color,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let mut terminal = terminal::init()?;
let app = App::new();
app.run(&mut terminal)?;
terminal::restore()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
const fn new() -> Self {
Self {
@ -65,33 +62,27 @@ impl App {
}
}
fn run(mut self, terminal: &mut Terminal) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while !self.should_exit {
self.draw(terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
self.handle_events()?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal) -> Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.render(frame))?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
self.should_exit = true;
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn render(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
use Constraint::{Fill, Length, Min};
let [title, top, bottom] = Layout::vertical([Length(1), Fill(1), Min(20)])
.spacing(1)
.areas(frame.area());
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Length(1), Fill(1), Min(20)]).spacing(1);
let [title, top, bottom] = vertical.areas(frame.area());
frame.render_widget("Grouped Barchart".bold().into_centered_line(), title);
frame.render_widget(self.vertical_revenue_barchart(), top);
@ -100,12 +91,12 @@ impl App {
/// Create a vertical revenue bar chart with the data from the `revenues` field.
fn vertical_revenue_barchart(&self) -> BarChart<'_> {
let title = Line::from("Company revenues (Vertical)").centered();
let mut barchart = BarChart::default()
.block(Block::new().title(title))
.block(Block::new().title(Line::from("Company revenues (Vertical)").centered()))
.bar_gap(0)
.bar_width(6)
.group_gap(2);
for group in self
.revenues
.iter()
@ -218,63 +209,3 @@ impl Company {
.value_style(Style::new().fg(Color::Black).bg(self.color))
}
}
/// Contains functions common to all examples
mod terminal {
use std::{
io::{self, stdout, Stdout},
panic,
};
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
execute,
terminal::{
disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, Clear, ClearType, EnterAlternateScreen,
LeaveAlternateScreen,
},
},
};
// A type alias to simplify the usage of the terminal and make it easier to change the backend
// or choice of writer.
pub type Terminal = ratatui::Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>;
/// Initialize the terminal by enabling raw mode and entering the alternate screen.
///
/// This function should be called before the program starts to ensure that the terminal is in
/// the correct state for the application.
pub fn init() -> io::Result<Terminal> {
install_panic_hook();
enable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
/// Restore the terminal by leaving the alternate screen and disabling raw mode.
///
/// This function should be called before the program exits to ensure that the terminal is
/// restored to its original state.
pub fn restore() -> io::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
stdout(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
Clear(ClearType::FromCursorDown),
)
}
/// Install a panic hook that restores the terminal before printing the panic.
///
/// This prevents error messages from being messed up by the terminal state.
fn install_panic_hook() {
let panic_hook = panic::take_hook();
panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
let _ = restore();
panic_hook(panic_info);
}));
}
}

138
examples/barchart.rs
View file

@ -16,29 +16,27 @@
use color_eyre::Result;
use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
use ratatui::{
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Direction, Layout},
style::{Color, Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
widgets::{Bar, BarChart, BarGroup, Block},
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
use self::terminal::Terminal;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct App {
should_exit: bool,
temperatures: Vec<u8>,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let mut terminal = terminal::init()?;
let app = App::new();
app.run(&mut terminal)?;
terminal::restore()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
fn new() -> Self {
let mut rng = thread_rng();
@ -49,29 +47,24 @@ impl App {
}
}
fn run(mut self, terminal: &mut Terminal) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while !self.should_exit {
self.draw(terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
self.handle_events()?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal) -> Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.render(frame))?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
self.should_exit = true;
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn render(&self, frame: &mut ratatui::Frame) {
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let [title, vertical, horizontal] = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(1),
Constraint::Fill(1),
@ -79,6 +72,7 @@ impl App {
])
.spacing(1)
.areas(frame.area());
frame.render_widget("Barchart".bold().into_centered_line(), title);
frame.render_widget(vertical_barchart(&self.temperatures), vertical);
frame.render_widget(horizontal_barchart(&self.temperatures), horizontal);
@ -89,16 +83,8 @@ impl App {
fn vertical_barchart(temperatures: &[u8]) -> BarChart {
let bars: Vec<Bar> = temperatures
.iter()
.map(|v| u64::from(*v))
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, value)| {
Bar::default()
.value(value)
.label(Line::from(format!("{i:>02}:00")))
.text_value(format!("{value:>3}°"))
.style(temperature_style(value))
.value_style(temperature_style(value).reversed())
})
.map(|(hour, value)| vertical_bar(hour, value))
.collect();
let title = Line::from("Weather (Vertical)").centered();
BarChart::default()
@ -107,21 +93,21 @@ fn vertical_barchart(temperatures: &[u8]) -> BarChart {
.bar_width(5)
}
fn vertical_bar(hour: usize, temperature: &u8) -> Bar {
Bar::default()
.value(u64::from(*temperature))
.label(Line::from(format!("{hour:>02}:00")))
.text_value(format!("{temperature:>3}°"))
.style(temperature_style(*temperature))
.value_style(temperature_style(*temperature).reversed())
}
/// Create a horizontal bar chart from the temperatures data.
fn horizontal_barchart(temperatures: &[u8]) -> BarChart {
let bars: Vec<Bar> = temperatures
.iter()
.map(|v| u64::from(*v))
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, value)| {
let style = temperature_style(value);
Bar::default()
.value(value)
.label(Line::from(format!("{i:>02}:00")))
.text_value(format!("{value:>3}°"))
.style(style)
.value_style(style.reversed())
})
.map(|(hour, value)| horizontal_bar(hour, value))
.collect();
let title = Line::from("Weather (Horizontal)").centered();
BarChart::default()
@ -132,69 +118,19 @@ fn horizontal_barchart(temperatures: &[u8]) -> BarChart {
.direction(Direction::Horizontal)
}
fn horizontal_bar(hour: usize, temperature: &u8) -> Bar {
let style = temperature_style(*temperature);
Bar::default()
.value(u64::from(*temperature))
.label(Line::from(format!("{hour:>02}:00")))
.text_value(format!("{temperature:>3}°"))
.style(style)
.value_style(style.reversed())
}
/// create a yellow to red value based on the value (50-90)
fn temperature_style(value: u64) -> Style {
let green = (255.0 * (1.0 - (value - 50) as f64 / 40.0)) as u8;
fn temperature_style(value: u8) -> Style {
let green = (255.0 * (1.0 - f64::from(value - 50) / 40.0)) as u8;
let color = Color::Rgb(255, green, 0);
Style::new().fg(color)
}
/// Contains functions common to all examples
mod terminal {
use std::{
io::{self, stdout, Stdout},
panic,
};
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
execute,
terminal::{
disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, Clear, ClearType, EnterAlternateScreen,
LeaveAlternateScreen,
},
},
};
// A type alias to simplify the usage of the terminal and make it easier to change the backend
// or choice of writer.
pub type Terminal = ratatui::Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>;
/// Initialize the terminal by enabling raw mode and entering the alternate screen.
///
/// This function should be called before the program starts to ensure that the terminal is in
/// the correct state for the application.
pub fn init() -> io::Result<Terminal> {
install_panic_hook();
enable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
/// Restore the terminal by leaving the alternate screen and disabling raw mode.
///
/// This function should be called before the program exits to ensure that the terminal is
/// restored to its original state.
pub fn restore() -> io::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
stdout(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
Clear(ClearType::FromCursorDown),
)
}
/// Install a panic hook that restores the terminal before printing the panic.
///
/// This prevents error messages from being messed up by the terminal state.
fn install_panic_hook() {
let panic_hook = panic::take_hook();
panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
let _ = restore();
panic_hook(panic_info);
}));
}
}

70
examples/block.rs
View file

@ -13,21 +13,10 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
error::Error,
io::{stdout, Stdout},
ops::ControlFlow,
time::Duration,
};
use color_eyre::Result;
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
@ -35,61 +24,29 @@ use ratatui::{
block::{Position, Title},
Block, BorderType, Borders, Padding, Paragraph, Wrap,
},
Frame,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
// These type aliases are used to make the code more readable by reducing repetition of the generic
// types. They are not necessary for the functionality of the code.
type Terminal = ratatui::Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>;
type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Box<dyn Error>>;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let mut terminal = setup_terminal()?;
let result = run(&mut terminal);
restore_terminal(terminal)?;
if let Err(err) = result {
eprintln!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let result = run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
result
}
fn setup_terminal() -> Result<Terminal> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal(mut terminal: Terminal) -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
fn run(terminal: &mut Terminal) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(ui)?;
if handle_events()?.is_break() {
return Ok(());
}
}
}
fn handle_events() -> Result<ControlFlow<()>> {
if event::poll(Duration::from_millis(100))? {
terminal.draw(draw)?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(ControlFlow::Break(()));
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
break Ok(());
}
}
}
Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(()))
}
fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let (title_area, layout) = calculate_layout(frame.area());
render_title(frame, title_area);
@ -183,7 +140,6 @@ fn render_styled_block(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}
// Note: this currently renders incorrectly, see https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/349
fn render_styled_title(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let block = Block::bordered()
.title("Styled title")

60
examples/calendar.rs
View file

@ -13,58 +13,40 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{error::Error, io};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Margin},
style::{Color, Modifier, Style},
widgets::calendar::{CalendarEventStore, DateStyler, Monthly},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
use time::{Date, Month, OffsetDateTime};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let result = run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
result
}
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
let _ = terminal.draw(draw);
terminal.draw(draw)?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
#[allow(clippy::single_match)]
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char(_) => {
break;
}
_ => {}
};
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
break Ok(());
}
}
}
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
Ok(())
}
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let app_area = frame.area();
let calarea = Rect {
x: app_area.x + 1,
y: app_area.y + 1,
height: app_area.height - 1,
width: app_area.width - 1,
};
let area = frame.area().inner(Margin {
vertical: 1,
horizontal: 1,
});
let mut start = OffsetDateTime::now_local()
.unwrap()
@ -76,7 +58,7 @@ fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let list = make_dates(start.year());
let rows = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Ratio(1, 3); 3]).split(calarea);
let rows = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Ratio(1, 3); 3]).split(area);
let cols = rows.iter().flat_map(|row| {
Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Ratio(1, 4); 4])
.split(*row)

58
examples/canvas.rs
View file

@ -13,18 +13,11 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
io::{self, stdout, Stdout},
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Color, Stylize},
symbols::Marker,
@ -32,11 +25,15 @@ use ratatui::{
canvas::{Canvas, Circle, Map, MapResolution, Rectangle},
Block, Widget,
},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
App::run()
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct App {
@ -69,33 +66,30 @@ impl App {
}
}
pub fn run() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut terminal = init_terminal()?;
let mut app = Self::new();
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
pub fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(16);
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
let _ = terminal.draw(|frame| app.ui(frame));
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') => break,
KeyCode::Down | KeyCode::Char('j') => app.y += 1.0,
KeyCode::Up | KeyCode::Char('k') => app.y -= 1.0,
KeyCode::Right | KeyCode::Char('l') => app.x += 1.0,
KeyCode::Left | KeyCode::Char('h') => app.x -= 1.0,
KeyCode::Char('q') => break Ok(()),
KeyCode::Down | KeyCode::Char('j') => self.y += 1.0,
KeyCode::Up | KeyCode::Char('k') => self.y -= 1.0,
KeyCode::Right | KeyCode::Char('l') => self.x += 1.0,
KeyCode::Left | KeyCode::Char('h') => self.x -= 1.0,
_ => {}
}
}
}
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
app.on_tick();
self.on_tick();
last_tick = Instant::now();
}
}
restore_terminal()
}
fn on_tick(&mut self) {
@ -128,7 +122,7 @@ impl App {
self.ball.y += self.vy;
}
fn ui(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let horizontal =
Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]);
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]);
@ -204,15 +198,3 @@ impl App {
})
}
}
fn init_terminal() -> io::Result<Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))
}
fn restore_terminal() -> io::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

222
examples/chart.rs
View file

@ -13,27 +13,35 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
error::Error,
io,
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Color, Modifier, Style, Stylize},
symbols::{self, Marker},
text::Span,
widgets::{block::Title, Axis, Block, Chart, Dataset, GraphType, LegendPosition},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct App {
signal1: SinSignal,
data1: Vec<(f64, f64)>,
signal2: SinSignal,
data2: Vec<(f64, f64)>,
window: [f64; 2],
}
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SinSignal {
x: f64,
@ -62,14 +70,6 @@ impl Iterator for SinSignal {
}
}
struct App {
signal1: SinSignal,
data1: Vec<(f64, f64)>,
signal2: SinSignal,
data2: Vec<(f64, f64)>,
window: [f64; 2],
}
impl App {
fn new() -> Self {
let mut signal1 = SinSignal::new(0.2, 3.0, 18.0);
@ -85,6 +85,27 @@ impl App {
}
}
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(250);
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
}
}
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
self.on_tick();
last_tick = Instant::now();
}
}
}
fn on_tick(&mut self) {
self.data1.drain(0..5);
self.data1.extend(self.signal1.by_ref().take(5));
@ -95,118 +116,65 @@ impl App {
self.window[0] += 1.0;
self.window[1] += 1.0;
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let [top, bottom] = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Fill(1); 2]).areas(frame.area());
let [animated_chart, bar_chart] =
Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Fill(1), Constraint::Length(29)]).areas(top);
let [line_chart, scatter] = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Fill(1); 2]).areas(bottom);
// create app and run it
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(250);
let app = App::new();
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
self.render_animated_chart(frame, animated_chart);
render_barchart(frame, bar_chart);
render_line_chart(frame, line_chart);
render_scatter(frame, scatter);
}
Ok(())
}
fn render_animated_chart(&self, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let x_labels = vec![
Span::styled(
format!("{}", self.window[0]),
Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
),
Span::raw(format!("{}", (self.window[0] + self.window[1]) / 2.0)),
Span::styled(
format!("{}", self.window[1]),
Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
),
];
let datasets = vec![
Dataset::default()
.name("data2")
.marker(symbols::Marker::Dot)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
.data(&self.data1),
Dataset::default()
.name("data3")
.marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
.data(&self.data2),
];
fn run_app<B: Backend>(
terminal: &mut Terminal<B>,
mut app: App,
tick_rate: Duration,
) -> io::Result<()> {
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &app))?;
let chart = Chart::new(datasets)
.block(Block::bordered())
.x_axis(
Axis::default()
.title("X Axis")
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
.labels(x_labels)
.bounds(self.window),
)
.y_axis(
Axis::default()
.title("Y Axis")
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
.labels(["-20".bold(), "0".into(), "20".bold()])
.bounds([-20.0, 20.0]),
);
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
}
}
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
app.on_tick();
last_tick = Instant::now();
}
frame.render_widget(chart, area);
}
}
fn ui(frame: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
let [top, bottom] = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Fill(1); 2]).areas(frame.area());
let [animated_chart, bar_chart] =
Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Fill(1), Constraint::Length(29)]).areas(top);
let [line_chart, scatter] = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Fill(1); 2]).areas(bottom);
render_animated_chart(frame, animated_chart, app);
render_barchart(frame, bar_chart);
render_line_chart(frame, line_chart);
render_scatter(frame, scatter);
}
fn render_animated_chart(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect, app: &App) {
let x_labels = vec![
Span::styled(
format!("{}", app.window[0]),
Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
),
Span::raw(format!("{}", (app.window[0] + app.window[1]) / 2.0)),
Span::styled(
format!("{}", app.window[1]),
Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
),
];
let datasets = vec![
Dataset::default()
.name("data2")
.marker(symbols::Marker::Dot)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
.data(&app.data1),
Dataset::default()
.name("data3")
.marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
.data(&app.data2),
];
let chart = Chart::new(datasets)
.block(Block::bordered())
.x_axis(
Axis::default()
.title("X Axis")
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
.labels(x_labels)
.bounds(app.window),
)
.y_axis(
Axis::default()
.title("Y Axis")
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
.labels(["-20".bold(), "0".into(), "20".bold()])
.bounds([-20.0, 20.0]),
);
f.render_widget(chart, area);
}
fn render_barchart(frame: &mut Frame, bar_chart: Rect) {
let dataset = Dataset::default()
.marker(symbols::Marker::HalfBlock)
@ -252,7 +220,7 @@ fn render_barchart(frame: &mut Frame, bar_chart: Rect) {
frame.render_widget(chart, bar_chart);
}
fn render_line_chart(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
fn render_line_chart(frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let datasets = vec![Dataset::default()
.name("Line from only 2 points".italic())
.marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
@ -285,10 +253,10 @@ fn render_line_chart(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
.legend_position(Some(LegendPosition::TopLeft))
.hidden_legend_constraints((Constraint::Ratio(1, 2), Constraint::Ratio(1, 2)));
f.render_widget(chart, area);
frame.render_widget(chart, area);
}
fn render_scatter(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
fn render_scatter(frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let datasets = vec![
Dataset::default()
.name("Heavy")
@ -334,7 +302,7 @@ fn render_scatter(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
)
.hidden_legend_constraints((Constraint::Ratio(1, 2), Constraint::Ratio(1, 2)));
f.render_widget(chart, area);
frame.render_widget(chart, area);
}
// Data from https://ourworldindata.org/space-exploration-satellites

63
examples/colors.rs
View file

@ -16,55 +16,37 @@
// This example shows all the colors supported by ratatui. It will render a grid of foreground
// and background colors with their names and indexes.
use std::{
error::Error,
io::{self, Stdout},
result,
time::Duration,
};
use color_eyre::Result;
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Color, Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
widgets::{Block, Borders, Paragraph},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
type Result<T> = result::Result<T, Box<dyn Error>>;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let mut terminal = setup_terminal()?;
let res = run_app(&mut terminal);
restore_terminal(terminal)?;
if let Err(err) = res {
eprintln!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(ui)?;
if event::poll(Duration::from_millis(250))? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
terminal.draw(draw)?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
}
}
}
fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let layout = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(30),
Constraint::Length(17),
@ -271,20 +253,3 @@ fn render_indexed_grayscale(frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
frame.render_widget(paragraph, layout[i as usize - 232]);
}
}
fn setup_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
terminal.hide_cursor()?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal(mut terminal: Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>) -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
Ok(())
}

68
examples/colors_rgb.rs
View file

@ -26,29 +26,28 @@
// is useful when the state is only used by the widget and doesn't need to be shared with
// other widgets.
use std::{
io::stdout,
panic,
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, eyre, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use palette::{convert::FromColorUnclamped, Okhsv, Srgb};
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Position, Rect},
style::Color,
text::Text,
widgets::Widget,
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct App {
/// The current state of the app (running or quit)
@ -99,19 +98,11 @@ struct ColorsWidget {
frame_count: usize,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
install_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
/// Run the app
///
/// This is the main event loop for the app.
pub fn run(mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
pub fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while self.is_running() {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&mut self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
@ -263,36 +254,3 @@ impl ColorsWidget {
}
}
}
/// Install `color_eyre` panic and error hooks
///
/// The hooks restore the terminal to a usable state before printing the error message.
fn install_error_hooks() -> Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;
terminal.clear()?;
terminal.hide_cursor()?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

67
examples/constraint-explorer.rs
View file

@ -13,18 +13,11 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::io::{self, stdout};
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{
Constraint::{self, Fill, Length, Max, Min, Percentage, Ratio},
Flex, Layout, Rect,
@ -36,10 +29,18 @@ use ratatui::{
symbols::{self, line},
text::{Line, Span, Text},
widgets::{Block, Paragraph, Widget, Wrap},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
use strum::{Display, EnumIter, FromRepr};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Default)]
struct App {
mode: AppMode,
@ -90,21 +91,13 @@ struct ConstraintBlock {
/// ```
struct SpacerBlock;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
}
// App behaviour
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
self.insert_test_defaults();
while self.is_running() {
self.draw(&mut terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
}
Ok(())
@ -124,11 +117,6 @@ impl App {
self.mode == AppMode::Running
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> io::Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
match event::read()? {
Event::Key(key) if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => match key.code {
@ -621,32 +609,3 @@ impl ConstraintName {
}
}
}
fn init_error_hooks() -> Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

70
examples/constraints.rs
View file

@ -13,17 +13,10 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::io::{self, stdout};
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{
Constraint::{self, Fill, Length, Max, Min, Percentage, Ratio},
Layout, Rect,
@ -35,7 +28,7 @@ use ratatui::{
Block, Padding, Paragraph, Scrollbar, ScrollbarOrientation, ScrollbarState, StatefulWidget,
Tabs, Widget,
},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
use strum::{Display, EnumIter, FromRepr, IntoEnumIterator};
@ -53,6 +46,14 @@ const RATIO_COLOR: Color = tailwind::SLATE.c900;
// priority 4
const FILL_COLOR: Color = tailwind::SLATE.c950;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
struct App {
selected_tab: SelectedTab,
@ -82,22 +83,11 @@ enum AppState {
Quit,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
self.update_max_scroll_offset();
while self.is_running() {
self.draw(&mut terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
}
Ok(())
@ -111,11 +101,6 @@ impl App {
self.state == AppState::Running
}
fn draw(self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> io::Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind != KeyEventKind::Press {
@ -418,32 +403,3 @@ impl Example {
Paragraph::new(text).centered().block(block)
}
}
fn init_error_hooks() -> Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

52
examples/custom_widget.rs
View file

@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{error::Error, io, ops::ControlFlow, time::Duration};
use std::{io::stdout, ops::ControlFlow, time::Duration};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{
@ -24,15 +24,26 @@ use ratatui::{
MouseEventKind,
},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Color, Style},
text::Line,
widgets::{Paragraph, Widget},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
execute!(stdout(), EnableMouseCapture)?;
let app_result = run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
if let Err(err) = execute!(stdout(), DisableMouseCapture) {
eprintln!("Error disabling mouse capture: {err}");
}
app_result
}
/// A custom widget that renders a button with a label, theme and state.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Button<'a> {
@ -143,38 +154,11 @@ impl Button<'_> {
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
// create app and run it
let res = run_app(&mut terminal);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
let mut selected_button: usize = 0;
let mut button_states = [State::Selected, State::Normal, State::Normal];
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| ui(frame, button_states))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| draw(frame, button_states))?;
if !event::poll(Duration::from_millis(100))? {
continue;
}
@ -196,7 +180,7 @@ fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>) -> io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
fn ui(frame: &mut Frame, states: [State; 3]) {
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame, states: [State; 3]) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(1),
Constraint::Max(3),

6
examples/demo/crossterm.rs
View file

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn run(tick_rate: Duration, enhanced_graphics: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn E
// create app and run it
let app = App::new("Crossterm Demo", enhanced_graphics);
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
let app_result = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn run(tick_rate: Duration, enhanced_graphics: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn E
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
if let Err(err) = app_result {
println!("{err:?}");
}
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fn run_app<B: Backend>(
) -> io::Result<()> {
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui::draw(f, &mut app))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| ui::draw(frame, &mut app))?;
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {

2
examples/demo/termion.rs
View file

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn run_app<B: Backend>(
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let events = events(tick_rate);
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui::draw(f, &mut app))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| ui::draw(frame, &mut app))?;
match events.recv()? {
Event::Input(key) => match key {

6
examples/demo/termwiz.rs
View file

@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ pub fn run(tick_rate: Duration, enhanced_graphics: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn E
// create app and run it
let app = App::new("Termwiz Demo", enhanced_graphics);
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
let app_result = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
terminal.show_cursor()?;
terminal.flush()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
if let Err(err) = app_result {
println!("{err:?}");
}
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn run_app(
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui::draw(f, &mut app))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| ui::draw(frame, &mut app))?;
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if let Some(input) = terminal

54
examples/demo/ui.rs
View file

@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ use ratatui::{
use crate::app::App;
pub fn draw(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
let chunks = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(3), Constraint::Min(0)]).split(f.area());
pub fn draw(frame: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
let chunks = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(3), Constraint::Min(0)]).split(frame.area());
let tabs = app
.tabs
.titles
@ -24,28 +24,28 @@ pub fn draw(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
.block(Block::bordered().title(app.title))
.highlight_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
.select(app.tabs.index);
f.render_widget(tabs, chunks[0]);
frame.render_widget(tabs, chunks[0]);
match app.tabs.index {
0 => draw_first_tab(f, app, chunks[1]),
1 => draw_second_tab(f, app, chunks[1]),
2 => draw_third_tab(f, app, chunks[1]),
0 => draw_first_tab(frame, app, chunks[1]),
1 => draw_second_tab(frame, app, chunks[1]),
2 => draw_third_tab(frame, app, chunks[1]),
_ => {}
};
}
fn draw_first_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
fn draw_first_tab(frame: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
let chunks = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(9),
Constraint::Min(8),
Constraint::Length(7),
])
.split(area);
draw_gauges(f, app, chunks[0]);
draw_charts(f, app, chunks[1]);
draw_text(f, chunks[2]);
draw_gauges(frame, app, chunks[0]);
draw_charts(frame, app, chunks[1]);
draw_text(frame, chunks[2]);
}
fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
fn draw_gauges(frame: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
let chunks = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(2),
Constraint::Length(3),
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
.margin(1)
.split(area);
let block = Block::bordered().title("Graphs");
f.render_widget(block, area);
frame.render_widget(block, area);
let label = format!("{:.2}%", app.progress * 100.0);
let gauge = Gauge::default()
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
.use_unicode(app.enhanced_graphics)
.label(label)
.ratio(app.progress);
f.render_widget(gauge, chunks[0]);
frame.render_widget(gauge, chunks[0]);
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(Block::new().title("Sparkline:"))
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
} else {
symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
});
f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);
frame.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);
let line_gauge = LineGauge::default()
.block(Block::new().title("LineGauge:"))
@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
symbols::line::NORMAL
})
.ratio(app.progress);
f.render_widget(line_gauge, chunks[2]);
frame.render_widget(line_gauge, chunks[2]);
}
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
fn draw_charts(frame: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
let constraints = if app.show_chart {
vec![Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]
} else {
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
.block(Block::bordered().title("List"))
.highlight_style(Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD))
.highlight_symbol("> ");
f.render_stateful_widget(tasks, chunks[0], &mut app.tasks.state);
frame.render_stateful_widget(tasks, chunks[0], &mut app.tasks.state);
// Draw logs
let info_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Blue);
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
})
.collect();
let logs = List::new(logs).block(Block::bordered().title("List"));
f.render_stateful_widget(logs, chunks[1], &mut app.logs.state);
frame.render_stateful_widget(logs, chunks[1], &mut app.logs.state);
}
let barchart = BarChart::default()
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
)
.label_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
.bar_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green));
f.render_widget(barchart, chunks[1]);
frame.render_widget(barchart, chunks[1]);
}
if app.show_chart {
let x_labels = vec![
@ -227,11 +227,11 @@ fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
Span::styled("20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
]),
);
f.render_widget(chart, chunks[1]);
frame.render_widget(chart, chunks[1]);
}
}
fn draw_text(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
fn draw_text(frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let text = vec![
text::Line::from("This is a paragraph with several lines. You can change style your text the way you want"),
text::Line::from(""),
@ -266,10 +266,10 @@ fn draw_text(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
.add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
));
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block).wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
frame.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}
fn draw_second_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
fn draw_second_tab(frame: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
let chunks =
Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(30), Constraint::Percentage(70)]).split(area);
let up_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Green);
@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ fn draw_second_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
.bottom_margin(1),
)
.block(Block::bordered().title("Servers"));
f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);
frame.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);
let map = Canvas::default()
.block(Block::bordered().title("World"))
@ -352,10 +352,10 @@ fn draw_second_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
})
.x_bounds([-180.0, 180.0])
.y_bounds([-90.0, 90.0]);
f.render_widget(map, chunks[1]);
frame.render_widget(map, chunks[1]);
}
fn draw_third_tab(f: &mut Frame, _app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
fn draw_third_tab(frame: &mut Frame, _app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
let chunks = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Ratio(1, 2), Constraint::Ratio(1, 2)]).split(area);
let colors = [
Color::Reset,
@ -396,5 +396,5 @@ fn draw_third_tab(f: &mut Frame, _app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
],
)
.block(Block::bordered().title("Colors"));
f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);
frame.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);
}

38
examples/demo2/app.rs
View file

@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
use std::time::Duration;
use color_eyre::{eyre::Context, Result};
use crossterm::event;
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::Backend,
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::event::{Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::Color,
text::{Line, Span},
widgets::{Block, Tabs, Widget},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
use strum::{Display, EnumIter, FromRepr, IntoEnumIterator};
use crate::{
destroy,
tabs::{AboutTab, EmailTab, RecipeTab, TracerouteTab, WeatherTab},
term, THEME,
THEME,
};
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@ -49,15 +49,13 @@ enum Tab {
Weather,
}
pub fn run(terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
App::default().run(terminal)
}
impl App {
/// Run the app until the user quits.
pub fn run(&mut self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
pub fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while self.is_running() {
self.draw(terminal)?;
terminal
.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))
.wrap_err("terminal.draw")?;
self.handle_events()?;
}
Ok(())
@ -68,16 +66,11 @@ impl App {
}
/// Draw a single frame of the app.
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
terminal
.draw(|frame| {
frame.render_widget(self, frame.area());
if self.mode == Mode::Destroy {
destroy::destroy(frame);
}
})
.wrap_err("terminal.draw")?;
Ok(())
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
frame.render_widget(self, frame.area());
if self.mode == Mode::Destroy {
destroy::destroy(frame);
}
}
/// Handle events from the terminal.
@ -86,8 +79,11 @@ impl App {
/// 1/50th of a second. This was chosen to try to match the default frame rate of a GIF in VHS.
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let timeout = Duration::from_secs_f64(1.0 / 50.0);
match term::next_event(timeout)? {
Some(Event::Key(key)) if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => self.handle_key_press(key),
if !event::poll(timeout)? {
return Ok(());
}
match event::read()? {
Event::Key(key) if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => self.handle_key_press(key),
_ => {}
}
Ok(())

18
examples/demo2/errors.rs
View file

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use crate::term;
pub fn init_hooks() -> Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = term::restore();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = term::restore();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}

25
examples/demo2/main.rs
View file

@ -22,12 +22,18 @@
mod app;
mod colors;
mod destroy;
mod errors;
mod tabs;
mod term;
mod theme;
use std::io::stdout;
use app::App;
use color_eyre::Result;
use crossterm::{
execute,
terminal::{EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
};
use ratatui::{layout::Rect, TerminalOptions, Viewport};
pub use self::{
colors::{color_from_oklab, RgbSwatch},
@ -35,9 +41,14 @@ pub use self::{
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
errors::init_hooks()?;
let terminal = &mut term::init()?;
app::run(terminal)?;
term::restore()?;
Ok(())
color_eyre::install()?;
// this size is to match the size of the terminal when running the demo
// using vhs in a 1280x640 sized window (github social preview size)
let viewport = Viewport::Fixed(Rect::new(0, 0, 81, 18));
let terminal = ratatui::init_with_options(TerminalOptions { viewport });
execute!(stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen).expect("failed to enter alternate screen");
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
execute!(stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen).expect("failed to leave alternate screen");
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}

46
examples/demo2/term.rs
View file

@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
use std::{
io::{self, stdout},
time::Duration,
};
use color_eyre::{eyre::WrapErr, Result};
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
layout::Rect,
Terminal, TerminalOptions, Viewport,
};
pub fn init() -> Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
// this size is to match the size of the terminal when running the demo
// using vhs in a 1280x640 sized window (github social preview size)
let options = TerminalOptions {
viewport: Viewport::Fixed(Rect::new(0, 0, 81, 18)),
};
let terminal = Terminal::with_options(CrosstermBackend::new(io::stdout()), options)?;
enable_raw_mode().context("enable raw mode")?;
stdout()
.execute(EnterAlternateScreen)
.wrap_err("enter alternate screen")?;
Ok(terminal)
}
pub fn restore() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode().context("disable raw mode")?;
stdout()
.execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)
.wrap_err("leave alternate screen")?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn next_event(timeout: Duration) -> Result<Option<Event>> {
if !event::poll(timeout)? {
return Ok(None);
}
let event = event::read()?;
Ok(Some(event))
}

51
examples/docsrs.rs
View file

@ -13,47 +13,51 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::io::{self, stdout};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
layout::{Constraint, Layout},
style::{Color, Modifier, Style, Stylize},
text::{Line, Span, Text},
widgets::{Block, Borders, Paragraph},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
/// Example code for lib.rs
///
/// When cargo-rdme supports doc comments that import from code, this will be imported
/// rather than copied to the lib.rs file.
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let arg = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_default();
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let first_arg = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_default();
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = run(terminal, &first_arg);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal, first_arg: &str) -> Result<()> {
let mut should_quit = false;
while !should_quit {
terminal.draw(match arg.as_str() {
terminal.draw(match first_arg {
"layout" => layout,
"styling" => styling,
_ => hello_world,
})?;
should_quit = handle_events()?;
}
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events() -> std::io::Result<bool> {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == event::KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(true);
}
}
Ok(false)
}
fn hello_world(frame: &mut Frame) {
frame.render_widget(
Paragraph::new("Hello World!").block(Block::bordered().title("Greeting")),
@ -61,17 +65,6 @@ fn hello_world(frame: &mut Frame) {
);
}
fn handle_events() -> io::Result<bool> {
if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50))? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == event::KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(true);
}
}
}
Ok(false)
}
fn layout(frame: &mut Frame) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(1),

83
examples/flex.rs
View file

@ -13,20 +13,12 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
io::{self, stdout},
num::NonZeroUsize,
};
use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{
Alignment,
Constraint::{self, Fill, Length, Max, Min, Percentage, Ratio},
@ -39,10 +31,18 @@ use ratatui::{
block::Title, Block, Paragraph, Scrollbar, ScrollbarOrientation, ScrollbarState,
StatefulWidget, Tabs, Widget,
},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
use strum::{Display, EnumIter, FromRepr, IntoEnumIterator};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
const EXAMPLE_DATA: &[(&str, &[Constraint])] = &[
(
"Min(u16) takes any excess space always",
@ -157,25 +157,18 @@ enum SelectedTab {
SpaceBetween,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
// assuming the user changes spacing about a 100 times or so
Layout::init_cache(
NonZeroUsize::new(EXAMPLE_DATA.len() * SelectedTab::iter().len() * 100).unwrap(),
);
init_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
self.draw(&mut terminal)?;
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
// increase the layout cache to account for the number of layout events. This ensures that
// layout is not generally reprocessed on every frame (which would lead to possible janky
// results when there are more than one possible solution to the requested layout). This
// assumes the user changes spacing about a 100 times or so.
let cache_size = EXAMPLE_DATA.len() * SelectedTab::iter().len() * 100;
Layout::init_cache(NonZeroUsize::new(cache_size).unwrap());
while self.is_running() {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
self.draw(&mut terminal)?;
}
Ok(())
}
@ -184,11 +177,6 @@ impl App {
self.state == AppState::Running
}
fn draw(self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> io::Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
match event::read()? {
Event::Key(key) if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => match key.code {
@ -532,35 +520,6 @@ const fn color_for_constraint(constraint: Constraint) -> Color {
}
}
fn init_error_hooks() -> Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
fn get_description_height(s: &str) -> u16 {
if s.is_empty() {

61
examples/gauge.rs
View file

@ -13,22 +13,17 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{io::stdout, time::Duration};
use std::time::Duration;
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{palette::tailwind, Color, Style, Stylize},
text::Span,
widgets::{block::Title, Block, Borders, Gauge, Padding, Paragraph, Widget},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
const GAUGE1_COLOR: Color = tailwind::RED.c800;
@ -56,28 +51,23 @@ enum AppState {
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while self.state != AppState::Quitting {
self.draw(&mut terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
self.update(terminal.size()?.width);
}
Ok(())
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|f| f.render_widget(self, f.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
fn update(&mut self, terminal_width: u16) {
if self.state != AppState::Started {
return;
@ -213,32 +203,3 @@ fn title_block(title: &str) -> Block {
.title(title)
.fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR)
}
fn init_error_hooks() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> color_eyre::Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

70
examples/hello_world.rs
View file

@ -13,21 +13,13 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
io::{self, Stdout},
time::Duration,
};
use std::time::Duration;
use color_eyre::{eyre::Context, Result};
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
widgets::Paragraph,
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
/// This is a bare minimum example. There are many approaches to running an application loop, so
@ -38,50 +30,19 @@ use ratatui::{
/// and exits when the user presses 'q'.
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?; // augment errors / panics with easy to read messages
let mut terminal = init_terminal().context("setup failed")?;
let result = run(&mut terminal).context("app loop failed");
restore_terminal();
result
}
/// Setup the terminal. This is where you would enable raw mode, enter the alternate screen, and
/// hide the cursor. This example does not handle errors.
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>> {
set_panic_hook();
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
enable_raw_mode().context("failed to enable raw mode")?;
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen).context("unable to enter alternate screen")?;
Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout)).context("creating terminal failed")
}
/// Restore the terminal. This is where you disable raw mode, leave the alternate screen, and show
/// the cursor.
fn restore_terminal() {
// There's not a lot we can do if these fail, so we just print an error message.
if let Err(err) = disable_raw_mode() {
eprintln!("Error disabling raw mode: {err}");
}
if let Err(err) = execute!(io::stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen) {
eprintln!("Error leaving alternate screen: {err}");
}
}
/// Replace the default panic hook with one that restores the terminal before panicking.
fn set_panic_hook() {
let hook = std::panic::take_hook();
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
restore_terminal();
hook(panic_info);
}));
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = run(terminal).context("app loop failed");
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
/// Run the application loop. This is where you would handle events and update the application
/// state. This example exits when the user presses 'q'. Other styles of application loops are
/// possible, for example, you could have multiple application states and switch between them based
/// on events, or you could have a single application state and update it based on events.
fn run(terminal: &mut Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(render_app)?;
terminal.draw(draw)?;
if should_quit()? {
break;
}
@ -89,19 +50,18 @@ fn run(terminal: &mut Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>) -> Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
/// Render the application. This is where you would draw the application UI. This example just
/// draws a greeting.
fn render_app(frame: &mut Frame) {
/// Render the application. This is where you would draw the application UI. This example draws a
/// greeting.
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let greeting = Paragraph::new("Hello World! (press 'q' to quit)");
frame.render_widget(greeting, frame.area());
}
/// Check if the user has pressed 'q'. This is where you would handle events. This example just
/// checks if the user has pressed 'q' and returns true if they have. It does not handle any other
/// events. There is a 250ms timeout on the event poll so that the application can exit in a timely
/// manner, and to ensure that the terminal is rendered at least once every 250ms. This allows you
/// to do other work in the application loop, such as updating the application state, without
/// blocking the event loop for too long.
/// events. There is a 250ms timeout on the event poll to ensure that the terminal is rendered at
/// least once every 250ms. This allows you to do other work in the application loop, such as
/// updating the application state, without blocking the event loop for too long.
fn should_quit() -> Result<bool> {
if event::poll(Duration::from_millis(250)).context("event poll failed")? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read().context("event read failed")? {

82
examples/hyperlink.rs
View file

@ -16,39 +16,24 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
io::{self, stdout, Stdout},
panic,
};
use color_eyre::{
config::{EyreHook, HookBuilder, PanicHook},
eyre, Result,
};
use color_eyre::Result;
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
layout::Rect,
style::Stylize,
text::{Line, Text},
widgets::WidgetRef,
Terminal,
widgets::Widget,
DefaultTerminal,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_handling()?;
let mut terminal = init_terminal()?;
let app = App::new();
app.run(&mut terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct App {
@ -62,7 +47,7 @@ impl App {
Self { hyperlink }
}
fn run(self, terminal: &mut Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&self.hyperlink, frame.area()))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
@ -92,9 +77,9 @@ impl<'content> Hyperlink<'content> {
}
}
impl WidgetRef for Hyperlink<'_> {
fn render_ref(&self, area: Rect, buffer: &mut Buffer) {
self.text.render_ref(area, buffer);
impl Widget for &Hyperlink<'_> {
fn render(self, area: Rect, buffer: &mut Buffer) {
(&self.text).render(area, buffer);
// this is a hacky workaround for https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/902, a bug
// in the terminal code that incorrectly calculates the width of ANSI escape sequences. It
@ -114,44 +99,3 @@ impl WidgetRef for Hyperlink<'_> {
}
}
}
/// Initialize the terminal with raw mode and alternate screen.
fn init_terminal() -> io::Result<Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))
}
/// Restore the terminal to its original state.
fn restore_terminal() -> io::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Initialize error handling with color-eyre.
pub fn init_error_handling() -> Result<()> {
let (panic_hook, eyre_hook) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
set_panic_hook(panic_hook);
set_error_hook(eyre_hook)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Install a panic hook that restores the terminal before printing the panic.
fn set_panic_hook(panic_hook: PanicHook) {
let panic_hook = panic_hook.into_panic_hook();
panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic_hook(panic_info);
}));
}
/// Install an error hook that restores the terminal before printing the error.
fn set_error_hook(eyre_hook: EyreHook) -> Result<()> {
let eyre_hook = eyre_hook.into_eyre_hook();
eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |error| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
eyre_hook(error)
}))?;
Ok(())
}

87
examples/inline.rs
View file

@ -15,20 +15,16 @@
use std::{
collections::{BTreeMap, VecDeque},
error::Error,
io,
sync::mpsc,
thread,
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use color_eyre::Result;
use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode},
},
backend::Backend,
crossterm::event,
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{Color, Modifier, Style},
symbols,
@ -37,11 +33,33 @@ use ratatui::{
Frame, Terminal, TerminalOptions, Viewport,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let mut terminal = ratatui::init_with_options(TerminalOptions {
viewport: Viewport::Inline(8),
});
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
input_handling(tx.clone());
let workers = workers(tx);
let mut downloads = downloads();
for w in &workers {
let d = downloads.next(w.id).unwrap();
w.tx.send(d).unwrap();
}
let app_result = run(&mut terminal, workers, downloads, rx);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
const NUM_DOWNLOADS: usize = 10;
type DownloadId = usize;
type WorkerId = usize;
enum Event {
Input(event::KeyEvent),
Tick,
@ -49,7 +67,6 @@ enum Event {
DownloadUpdate(WorkerId, DownloadId, f64),
DownloadDone(WorkerId, DownloadId),
}
struct Downloads {
pending: VecDeque<Download>,
in_progress: BTreeMap<WorkerId, DownloadInProgress>,
@ -73,52 +90,20 @@ impl Downloads {
}
}
}
struct DownloadInProgress {
id: DownloadId,
started_at: Instant,
progress: f64,
}
struct Download {
id: DownloadId,
size: usize,
}
struct Worker {
id: WorkerId,
tx: mpsc::Sender<Download>,
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let stdout = io::stdout();
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::with_options(
backend,
TerminalOptions {
viewport: Viewport::Inline(8),
},
)?;
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
input_handling(tx.clone());
let workers = workers(tx);
let mut downloads = downloads();
for w in &workers {
let d = downloads.next(w.id).unwrap();
w.tx.send(d).unwrap();
}
run_app(&mut terminal, workers, downloads, rx)?;
disable_raw_mode()?;
terminal.clear()?;
Ok(())
}
fn input_handling(tx: mpsc::Sender<Event>) {
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(200);
thread::spawn(move || {
@ -182,16 +167,16 @@ fn downloads() -> Downloads {
}
#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
fn run_app<B: Backend>(
terminal: &mut Terminal<B>,
fn run(
terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>,
workers: Vec<Worker>,
mut downloads: Downloads,
rx: mpsc::Receiver<Event>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
) -> Result<()> {
let mut redraw = true;
loop {
if redraw {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &downloads))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| draw(frame, &downloads))?;
}
redraw = true;
@ -243,11 +228,11 @@ fn run_app<B: Backend>(
Ok(())
}
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
let area = f.area();
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
let area = frame.area();
let block = Block::new().title(block::Title::from("Progress").alignment(Alignment::Center));
f.render_widget(block, area);
frame.render_widget(block, area);
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(2), Constraint::Length(4)]).margin(1);
let horizontal = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
@ -261,7 +246,7 @@ fn ui(f: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
.filled_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Blue))
.label(format!("{done}/{NUM_DOWNLOADS}"))
.ratio(done as f64 / NUM_DOWNLOADS as f64);
f.render_widget(progress, progress_area);
frame.render_widget(progress, progress_area);
// in progress downloads
let items: Vec<ListItem> = downloads
@ -284,7 +269,7 @@ fn ui(f: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
})
.collect();
let list = List::new(items);
f.render_widget(list, list_area);
frame.render_widget(list, list_area);
#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
for (i, (_, download)) in downloads.in_progress.iter().enumerate() {
@ -294,7 +279,7 @@ fn ui(f: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
if gauge_area.top().saturating_add(i as u16) > area.bottom() {
continue;
}
f.render_widget(
frame.render_widget(
gauge,
Rect {
x: gauge_area.left(),

56
examples/layout.rs
View file

@ -13,68 +13,40 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{error::Error, io};
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{
Constraint,
Constraint::{Length, Max, Min, Percentage, Ratio},
Constraint::{self, Length, Max, Min, Percentage, Ratio},
Layout, Rect,
},
style::{Color, Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
widgets::{Block, Paragraph},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
// create app and run it
let res = run_app(&mut terminal);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
fn main() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(ui)?;
terminal.draw(draw)?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
break Ok(());
}
}
}
}
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([
Length(4), // text
Length(50), // examples

67
examples/line_gauge.rs
View file

@ -13,25 +13,28 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{io::stdout, time::Duration};
use std::time::Duration;
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{palette::tailwind, Color, Style, Stylize},
widgets::{block::Title, Block, Borders, LineGauge, Padding, Paragraph, Widget},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
const CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR: Color = tailwind::SLATE.c200;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy)]
struct App {
state: AppState,
@ -47,29 +50,16 @@ enum AppState {
Quitting,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while self.state != AppState::Quitting {
self.draw(&mut terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
self.update(terminal.size()?.width);
}
Ok(())
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|f| f.render_widget(self, f.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
fn update(&mut self, terminal_width: u16) {
if self.state != AppState::Started {
return;
@ -187,32 +177,3 @@ fn title_block(title: &str) -> Block {
.fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR)
.padding(Padding::vertical(1))
}
fn init_error_hooks() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> color_eyre::Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

67
examples/list.rs
View file

@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{error::Error, io};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::Backend,
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ use ratatui::{
Block, Borders, HighlightSpacing, List, ListItem, ListState, Padding, Paragraph,
StatefulWidget, Widget, Wrap,
},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
const TODO_HEADER_STYLE: Style = Style::new().fg(SLATE.c100).bg(BLUE.c800);
@ -40,15 +38,12 @@ const SELECTED_STYLE: Style = Style::new().bg(SLATE.c800).add_modifier(Modifier:
const TEXT_FG_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c200;
const COMPLETED_TEXT_FG_COLOR: Color = GREEN.c500;
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
tui::init_error_hooks()?;
let terminal = tui::init_terminal()?;
let mut app = App::default();
app.run(terminal)?;
tui::restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
/// This struct holds the current state of the app. In particular, it has the `todo_list` field
@ -118,9 +113,9 @@ impl TodoItem {
}
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, mut terminal: Terminal<impl Backend>) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while !self.should_exit {
terminal.draw(|f| f.render_widget(&mut *self, f.area()))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&mut self, frame.area()))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
self.handle_key(key);
};
@ -290,45 +285,3 @@ impl From<&TodoItem> for ListItem<'_> {
ListItem::new(line)
}
}
mod tui {
use std::{io, io::stdout};
use color_eyre::config::HookBuilder;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
terminal::{
disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen,
},
ExecutableCommand,
},
Terminal,
};
pub fn init_error_hooks() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
pub fn init_terminal() -> io::Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
enable_raw_mode()?;
Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))
}
pub fn restore_terminal() -> io::Result<()> {
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
disable_raw_mode()
}
}

42
examples/minimal.rs
View file

@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
//! # [Ratatui] Minimal example
//!
//! This is a bare minimum example. There are many approaches to running an application loop, so
//! this is not meant to be prescriptive. See the [examples] folder for more complete examples.
//! In particular, the [hello-world] example is a good starting point.
//!
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [hello-world]: https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/blob/main/examples/hello_world.rs
//!
//! The latest version of this example is available in the [examples] folder in the repository.
//!
//! Please note that the examples are designed to be run against the `main` branch of the Github
@ -14,35 +21,20 @@
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event},
text::Text,
Terminal,
Frame,
};
/// This is a bare minimum example. There are many approaches to running an application loop, so
/// this is not meant to be prescriptive. See the [examples] folder for more complete examples.
/// In particular, the [hello-world] example is a good starting point.
///
/// [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
/// [hello-world]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/hello_world.rs
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(std::io::stdout()))?;
enable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(terminal.backend_mut(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
fn main() {
let mut terminal = ratatui::init();
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(Text::raw("Hello World!"), frame.area()))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
break;
}
terminal
.draw(|frame: &mut Frame| frame.render_widget(Text::raw("Hello World!"), frame.area()))
.expect("Failed to draw");
if matches!(event::read().expect("failed to read event"), Event::Key(_)) {
break;
}
}
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
ratatui::restore();
}

61
examples/modifiers.rs
View file

@ -17,56 +17,40 @@
// It will render a grid of combinations of foreground and background colors with all
// modifiers applied to them.
use std::{
error::Error,
io::{self, Stdout},
iter::once,
result,
time::Duration,
};
use std::{error::Error, iter::once, result};
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout},
style::{Color, Modifier, Style, Stylize},
text::Line,
widgets::Paragraph,
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
type Result<T> = result::Result<T, Box<dyn Error>>;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let mut terminal = setup_terminal()?;
let res = run_app(&mut terminal);
restore_terminal(terminal)?;
if let Err(err) = res {
eprintln!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(ui)?;
if event::poll(Duration::from_millis(250))? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
terminal.draw(draw)?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
}
}
}
fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(1), Constraint::Min(0)]);
let [text_area, main_area] = vertical.areas(frame.area());
frame.render_widget(
@ -114,20 +98,3 @@ fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
}
}
}
fn setup_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
terminal.hide_cursor()?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal(mut terminal: Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>) -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
Ok(())
}

191
examples/panic.rs
View file

@ -12,142 +12,99 @@
//! [Ratatui]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
//! How to use a panic hook to reset the terminal before printing the panic to
//! the terminal.
//!
//! When exiting normally or when handling `Result::Err`, we can reset the
//! terminal manually at the end of `main` just before we print the error.
//! Prior to Ratatui 0.28.1, a panic hook had to be manually set up to ensure that the terminal was
//! reset when a panic occurred. This was necessary because a panic would interrupt the normal
//! control flow and leave the terminal in a distorted state.
//!
//! Because a panic interrupts the normal control flow, manually resetting the
//! terminal at the end of `main` won't do us any good. Instead, we need to
//! make sure to set up a panic hook that first resets the terminal before
//! handling the panic. This both reuses the standard panic hook to ensure a
//! consistent panic handling UX and properly resets the terminal to not
//! distort the output.
//! Starting with Ratatui 0.28.1, the panic hook is automatically set up by the new `ratatui::init`
//! function, so you no longer need to manually set up the panic hook. This example now demonstrates
//! how the panic hook acts when it is enabled by default.
//!
//! That's why this example is set up to show both situations, with and without
//! the chained panic hook, to see the difference.
use std::{error::Error, io};
//! When exiting normally or when handling `Result::Err`, we can reset the terminal manually at the
//! end of `main` just before we print the error.
//!
//! Because a panic interrupts the normal control flow, manually resetting the terminal at the end
//! of `main` won't do us any good. Instead, we need to make sure to set up a panic hook that first
//! resets the terminal before handling the panic. This both reuses the standard panic hook to
//! ensure a consistent panic handling UX and properly resets the terminal to not distort the
//! output.
//!
//! That's why this example is set up to show both situations, with and without the panic hook, to
//! see the difference.
//!
//! For more information on how to set this up manually, see the [Color Eyre recipe] in the Ratatui
//! website.
//!
//! [Color Eyre recipe]: https://ratatui.rs/recipes/apps/color-eyre
use color_eyre::{eyre::bail, Result};
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
text::Line,
widgets::{Block, Paragraph},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Box<dyn Error>>;
#[derive(Default)]
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct App {
hook_enabled: bool,
}
impl App {
fn chain_hook(&mut self) {
let original_hook = std::panic::take_hook();
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic| {
reset_terminal().unwrap();
original_hook(panic);
}));
self.hook_enabled = true;
}
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let mut terminal = init_terminal()?;
let mut app = App::default();
let res = run_tui(&mut terminal, &mut app);
reset_terminal()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
const fn new() -> Self {
Self { hook_enabled: true }
}
Ok(())
}
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
/// Initializes the terminal.
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<CrosstermBackend<io::Stdout>>> {
execute!(io::stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
enable_raw_mode()?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(io::stdout());
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
terminal.hide_cursor()?;
Ok(terminal)
}
/// Resets the terminal.
fn reset_terminal() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(io::stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Runs the TUI loop.
fn run_tui<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>, app: &mut App) -> io::Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, app))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('p') => {
panic!("intentional demo panic");
}
KeyCode::Char('e') => {
app.chain_hook();
}
_ => {
return Ok(());
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('p') => panic!("intentional demo panic"),
KeyCode::Char('e') => bail!("intentional demo error"),
KeyCode::Char('h') => {
let _ = std::panic::take_hook();
self.hook_enabled = false;
}
KeyCode::Char('q') => return Ok(()),
_ => {}
}
}
}
}
}
/// Render the TUI.
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
let text = vec![
if app.hook_enabled {
Line::from("HOOK IS CURRENTLY **ENABLED**")
} else {
Line::from("HOOK IS CURRENTLY **DISABLED**")
},
Line::from(""),
Line::from("press `p` to panic"),
Line::from("press `e` to enable the terminal-resetting panic hook"),
Line::from("press any other key to quit without panic"),
Line::from(""),
Line::from("when you panic without the chained hook,"),
Line::from("you will likely have to reset your terminal afterwards"),
Line::from("with the `reset` command"),
Line::from(""),
Line::from("with the chained panic hook enabled,"),
Line::from("you should see the panic report as you would without ratatui"),
Line::from(""),
Line::from("try first without the panic handler to see the difference"),
];
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text)
.block(Block::bordered().title("Panic Handler Demo"))
.centered();
f.render_widget(paragraph, f.area());
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let text = vec![
if self.hook_enabled {
Line::from("HOOK IS CURRENTLY **ENABLED**")
} else {
Line::from("HOOK IS CURRENTLY **DISABLED**")
},
Line::from(""),
Line::from("Press `p` to cause a panic"),
Line::from("Press `e` to cause an error"),
Line::from("Press `h` to disable the panic hook"),
Line::from("Press `q` to quit"),
Line::from(""),
Line::from("When your app panics without a panic hook, you will likely have to"),
Line::from("reset your terminal afterwards with the `reset` command"),
Line::from(""),
Line::from("Try first with the panic handler enabled, and then with it disabled"),
Line::from("to see the difference"),
];
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text)
.block(Block::bordered().title("Panic Handler Demo"))
.centered();
frame.render_widget(paragraph, frame.area());
}
}

101
examples/paragraph.rs
View file

@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::{
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
@ -25,17 +26,15 @@ use ratatui::{
style::{Color, Stylize},
text::{Line, Masked, Span},
widgets::{Block, Paragraph, Widget, Wrap},
DefaultTerminal,
};
use self::common::{init_terminal, install_hooks, restore_terminal, Tui};
fn main() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
install_hooks()?;
let mut terminal = init_terminal()?;
let mut app = App::new();
app.run(&mut terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Debug)]
@ -59,9 +58,9 @@ impl App {
}
/// Run the app until the user exits.
fn run(&mut self, terminal: &mut Tui) -> io::Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while !self.should_exit {
self.draw(terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
if self.last_tick.elapsed() >= Self::TICK_RATE {
self.on_tick();
@ -71,12 +70,6 @@ impl App {
Ok(())
}
/// Draw the app to the terminal.
fn draw(&mut self, terminal: &mut Tui) -> io::Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
/// Handle events from the terminal.
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
let timeout = Self::TICK_RATE.saturating_sub(self.last_tick.elapsed());
@ -96,7 +89,7 @@ impl App {
}
}
impl Widget for &mut App {
impl Widget for &App {
fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
let areas = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Max(9); 4]).split(area);
Paragraph::new(create_lines(area))
@ -158,75 +151,3 @@ fn create_lines(area: Rect) -> Vec<Line<'static>> {
]),
]
}
/// A module for common functionality used in the examples.
mod common {
use std::{
io::{self, stdout, Stdout},
panic,
};
use color_eyre::{
config::{EyreHook, HookBuilder, PanicHook},
eyre,
};
use ratatui::{
backend::CrosstermBackend,
crossterm::{
terminal::{
disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen,
},
ExecutableCommand,
},
Terminal,
};
// A simple alias for the terminal type used in this example.
pub type Tui = Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>;
/// Initialize the terminal and enter alternate screen mode.
pub fn init_terminal() -> io::Result<Tui> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
Terminal::new(backend)
}
/// Restore the terminal to its original state.
pub fn restore_terminal() -> io::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Installs hooks for panic and error handling.
///
/// Makes the app resilient to panics and errors by restoring the terminal before printing the
/// panic or error message. This prevents error messages from being messed up by the terminal
/// state.
pub fn install_hooks() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
let (panic_hook, eyre_hook) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
install_panic_hook(panic_hook);
install_error_hook(eyre_hook)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Install a panic hook that restores the terminal before printing the panic.
fn install_panic_hook(panic_hook: PanicHook) {
let panic_hook = panic_hook.into_panic_hook();
panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic_hook(panic_info);
}));
}
/// Install an error hook that restores the terminal before printing the error.
fn install_error_hook(eyre_hook: EyreHook) -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
let eyre_hook = eyre_hook.into_eyre_hook();
eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |error| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
eyre_hook(error)
}))?;
Ok(())
}
}

137
examples/popup.rs
View file

@ -16,115 +16,78 @@
// See also https://github.com/joshka/tui-popup and
// https://github.com/sephiroth74/tui-confirm-dialog
use std::{error::Error, io};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Flex, Layout, Rect},
style::Stylize,
widgets::{Block, Clear, Paragraph, Wrap},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Default)]
struct App {
show_popup: bool,
}
impl App {
const fn new() -> Self {
Self { show_popup: false }
}
}
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
// create app and run it
let app = App::new();
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>, mut app: App) -> io::Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &app))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') => return Ok(()),
KeyCode::Char('p') => app.show_popup = !app.show_popup,
_ => {}
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') => return Ok(()),
KeyCode::Char('p') => self.show_popup = !self.show_popup,
_ => {}
}
}
}
}
}
}
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
let area = f.area();
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let area = frame.area();
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
let [instructions, content] = vertical.areas(area);
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
let [instructions, content] = vertical.areas(area);
let text = if app.show_popup {
"Press p to close the popup"
} else {
"Press p to show the popup"
};
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.slow_blink())
.centered()
.wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
f.render_widget(paragraph, instructions);
let text = if self.show_popup {
"Press p to close the popup"
} else {
"Press p to show the popup"
};
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.slow_blink())
.centered()
.wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
frame.render_widget(paragraph, instructions);
let block = Block::bordered().title("Content").on_blue();
f.render_widget(block, content);
let block = Block::bordered().title("Content").on_blue();
frame.render_widget(block, content);
if app.show_popup {
let block = Block::bordered().title("Popup");
let area = centered_rect(60, 20, area);
f.render_widget(Clear, area); //this clears out the background
f.render_widget(block, area);
if self.show_popup {
let block = Block::bordered().title("Popup");
let area = popup_area(area, 60, 20);
frame.render_widget(Clear, area); //this clears out the background
frame.render_widget(block, area);
}
}
}
/// helper function to create a centered rect using up certain percentage of the available rect `r`
fn centered_rect(percent_x: u16, percent_y: u16, r: Rect) -> Rect {
let popup_layout = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Percentage((100 - percent_y) / 2),
Constraint::Percentage(percent_y),
Constraint::Percentage((100 - percent_y) / 2),
])
.split(r);
Layout::horizontal([
Constraint::Percentage((100 - percent_x) / 2),
Constraint::Percentage(percent_x),
Constraint::Percentage((100 - percent_x) / 2),
])
.split(popup_layout[1])[1]
fn popup_area(area: Rect, percent_x: u16, percent_y: u16) -> Rect {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(percent_y)]).flex(Flex::Center);
let horizontal = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(percent_x)]).flex(Flex::Center);
let [area] = vertical.areas(area);
let [area] = horizontal.areas(area);
area
}

28
examples/ratatui-logo.rs
View file

@ -14,19 +14,14 @@
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
io::{self, stdout},
io::{self},
thread::sleep,
time::Duration,
};
use indoc::indoc;
use itertools::izip;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode},
widgets::Paragraph,
Terminal, TerminalOptions, Viewport,
};
use ratatui::{widgets::Paragraph, TerminalOptions, Viewport};
/// A fun example of using half block characters to draw a logo
#[allow(clippy::many_single_char_names)]
@ -63,23 +58,12 @@ fn logo() -> String {
}
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut terminal = init()?;
let mut terminal = ratatui::init_with_options(TerminalOptions {
viewport: Viewport::Inline(3),
});
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(Paragraph::new(logo()), frame.area()))?;
sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
restore()?;
ratatui::restore();
println!();
Ok(())
}
fn init() -> io::Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let options = TerminalOptions {
viewport: Viewport::Inline(3),
};
Terminal::with_options(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()), options)
}
fn restore() -> io::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
Ok(())
}

363
examples/scrollbar.rs
View file

@ -15,25 +15,17 @@
#![warn(clippy::pedantic)]
use std::{
error::Error,
io,
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
layout::{Alignment, Constraint, Layout, Margin},
style::{Color, Style, Stylize},
symbols::scrollbar,
text::{Line, Masked, Span},
widgets::{Block, Paragraph, Scrollbar, ScrollbarOrientation, ScrollbarState},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
#[derive(Default)]
@ -44,195 +36,176 @@ struct App {
pub horizontal_scroll: usize,
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
// create app and run it
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(250);
let app = App::default();
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(
terminal: &mut Terminal<B>,
mut app: App,
tick_rate: Duration,
) -> io::Result<()> {
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &mut app))?;
impl App {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(250);
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') => return Ok(()),
KeyCode::Char('j') | KeyCode::Down => {
app.vertical_scroll = app.vertical_scroll.saturating_add(1);
app.vertical_scroll_state =
app.vertical_scroll_state.position(app.vertical_scroll);
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') => return Ok(()),
KeyCode::Char('j') | KeyCode::Down => {
self.vertical_scroll = self.vertical_scroll.saturating_add(1);
self.vertical_scroll_state =
self.vertical_scroll_state.position(self.vertical_scroll);
}
KeyCode::Char('k') | KeyCode::Up => {
self.vertical_scroll = self.vertical_scroll.saturating_sub(1);
self.vertical_scroll_state =
self.vertical_scroll_state.position(self.vertical_scroll);
}
KeyCode::Char('h') | KeyCode::Left => {
self.horizontal_scroll = self.horizontal_scroll.saturating_sub(1);
self.horizontal_scroll_state = self
.horizontal_scroll_state
.position(self.horizontal_scroll);
}
KeyCode::Char('l') | KeyCode::Right => {
self.horizontal_scroll = self.horizontal_scroll.saturating_add(1);
self.horizontal_scroll_state = self
.horizontal_scroll_state
.position(self.horizontal_scroll);
}
_ => {}
}
KeyCode::Char('k') | KeyCode::Up => {
app.vertical_scroll = app.vertical_scroll.saturating_sub(1);
app.vertical_scroll_state =
app.vertical_scroll_state.position(app.vertical_scroll);
}
KeyCode::Char('h') | KeyCode::Left => {
app.horizontal_scroll = app.horizontal_scroll.saturating_sub(1);
app.horizontal_scroll_state =
app.horizontal_scroll_state.position(app.horizontal_scroll);
}
KeyCode::Char('l') | KeyCode::Right => {
app.horizontal_scroll = app.horizontal_scroll.saturating_add(1);
app.horizontal_scroll_state =
app.horizontal_scroll_state.position(app.horizontal_scroll);
}
_ => {}
}
}
}
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
last_tick = Instant::now();
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
last_tick = Instant::now();
}
}
}
}
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines, clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
let area = f.area();
// Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
let s = "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery loooooooooooooooooong striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing. ";
let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(area.width) / s.len() + 4);
long_line.push('\n');
let chunks = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Min(1),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
])
.split(area);
let text = vec![
Line::from("This is a line "),
Line::from("This is a line ".red()),
Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
Line::from(long_line.clone()),
Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
Line::from(vec![
Span::raw("Masked text: "),
Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
]),
Line::from("This is a line "),
Line::from("This is a line ".red()),
Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
Line::from(long_line.clone()),
Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
Line::from(vec![
Span::raw("Masked text: "),
Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
]),
];
app.vertical_scroll_state = app.vertical_scroll_state.content_length(text.len());
app.horizontal_scroll_state = app.horizontal_scroll_state.content_length(long_line.len());
let create_block = |title: &'static str| Block::bordered().gray().title(title.bold());
let title = Block::new()
.title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
.title("Use h j k l or ◄ ▲ ▼ ► to scroll ".bold());
f.render_widget(title, chunks[0]);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block("Vertical scrollbar with arrows"))
.scroll((app.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[1]);
f.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
.begin_symbol(Some("↑"))
.end_symbol(Some("↓")),
chunks[1],
&mut app.vertical_scroll_state,
);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block(
"Vertical scrollbar without arrows, without track symbol and mirrored",
))
.scroll((app.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[2]);
f.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalLeft)
.symbols(scrollbar::VERTICAL)
.begin_symbol(None)
.track_symbol(None)
.end_symbol(None),
chunks[2].inner(Margin {
vertical: 1,
horizontal: 0,
}),
&mut app.vertical_scroll_state,
);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block(
"Horizontal scrollbar with only begin arrow & custom thumb symbol",
))
.scroll((0, app.horizontal_scroll as u16));
f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[3]);
f.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
.thumb_symbol("🬋")
.end_symbol(None),
chunks[3].inner(Margin {
vertical: 0,
horizontal: 1,
}),
&mut app.horizontal_scroll_state,
);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block(
"Horizontal scrollbar without arrows & custom thumb and track symbol",
))
.scroll((0, app.horizontal_scroll as u16));
f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[4]);
f.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
.thumb_symbol("░")
.track_symbol(Some("─")),
chunks[4].inner(Margin {
vertical: 0,
horizontal: 1,
}),
&mut app.horizontal_scroll_state,
);
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines, clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let area = frame.area();
// Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
let s =
"Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery loooooooooooooooooong striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing. ";
let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(area.width) / s.len() + 4);
long_line.push('\n');
let chunks = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Min(1),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
Constraint::Percentage(25),
])
.split(area);
let text = vec![
Line::from("This is a line "),
Line::from("This is a line ".red()),
Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
Line::from(long_line.clone()),
Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
Line::from(vec![
Span::raw("Masked text: "),
Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
]),
Line::from("This is a line "),
Line::from("This is a line ".red()),
Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
Line::from(long_line.clone()),
Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
Line::from(vec![
Span::raw("Masked text: "),
Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
]),
];
self.vertical_scroll_state = self.vertical_scroll_state.content_length(text.len());
self.horizontal_scroll_state = self.horizontal_scroll_state.content_length(long_line.len());
let create_block = |title: &'static str| Block::bordered().gray().title(title.bold());
let title = Block::new()
.title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
.title("Use h j k l or ◄ ▲ ▼ ► to scroll ".bold());
frame.render_widget(title, chunks[0]);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block("Vertical scrollbar with arrows"))
.scroll((self.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[1]);
frame.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
.begin_symbol(Some("↑"))
.end_symbol(Some("↓")),
chunks[1],
&mut self.vertical_scroll_state,
);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block(
"Vertical scrollbar without arrows, without track symbol and mirrored",
))
.scroll((self.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[2]);
frame.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalLeft)
.symbols(scrollbar::VERTICAL)
.begin_symbol(None)
.track_symbol(None)
.end_symbol(None),
chunks[2].inner(Margin {
vertical: 1,
horizontal: 0,
}),
&mut self.vertical_scroll_state,
);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block(
"Horizontal scrollbar with only begin arrow & custom thumb symbol",
))
.scroll((0, self.horizontal_scroll as u16));
frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[3]);
frame.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
.thumb_symbol("🬋")
.end_symbol(None),
chunks[3].inner(Margin {
vertical: 0,
horizontal: 1,
}),
&mut self.horizontal_scroll_state,
);
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
.gray()
.block(create_block(
"Horizontal scrollbar without arrows & custom thumb and track symbol",
))
.scroll((0, self.horizontal_scroll as u16));
frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[4]);
frame.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
.thumb_symbol("░")
.track_symbol(Some("─")),
chunks[4].inner(Margin {
vertical: 0,
horizontal: 1,
}),
&mut self.horizontal_scroll_state,
);
}
}

171
examples/sparkline.rs
View file

@ -13,29 +13,36 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{
error::Error,
io,
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use color_eyre::Result;
use rand::{
distributions::{Distribution, Uniform},
rngs::ThreadRng,
};
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
layout::{Constraint, Layout},
style::{Color, Style},
widgets::{Block, Borders, Sparkline},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct App {
signal: RandomSignal,
data1: Vec<u64>,
data2: Vec<u64>,
data3: Vec<u64>,
}
#[derive(Clone)]
struct RandomSignal {
distribution: Uniform<u64>,
@ -58,13 +65,6 @@ impl Iterator for RandomSignal {
}
}
struct App {
signal: RandomSignal,
data1: Vec<u64>,
data2: Vec<u64>,
data3: Vec<u64>,
}
impl App {
fn new() -> Self {
let mut signal = RandomSignal::new(0, 100);
@ -90,94 +90,63 @@ impl App {
self.data3.pop();
self.data3.insert(0, value);
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(250);
// create app and run it
let tick_rate = Duration::from_millis(250);
let app = App::new();
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app, tick_rate);
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(
terminal: &mut Terminal<B>,
mut app: App,
tick_rate: Duration,
) -> io::Result<()> {
let mut last_tick = Instant::now();
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &app))?;
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
let timeout = tick_rate.saturating_sub(last_tick.elapsed());
if event::poll(timeout)? {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
return Ok(());
}
}
}
}
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
app.on_tick();
last_tick = Instant::now();
if last_tick.elapsed() >= tick_rate {
self.on_tick();
last_tick = Instant::now();
}
}
}
}
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
let chunks = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(3),
Constraint::Length(3),
Constraint::Min(0),
])
.split(f.area());
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(
Block::new()
.borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
.title("Data1"),
)
.data(&app.data1)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow));
f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[0]);
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(
Block::new()
.borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
.title("Data2"),
)
.data(&app.data2)
.style(Style::default().bg(Color::Green));
f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);
// Multiline
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(
Block::new()
.borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
.title("Data3"),
)
.data(&app.data3)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red));
f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[2]);
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let chunks = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(3),
Constraint::Length(3),
Constraint::Min(0),
])
.split(frame.area());
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(
Block::new()
.borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
.title("Data1"),
)
.data(&self.data1)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow));
frame.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[0]);
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(
Block::new()
.borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
.title("Data2"),
)
.data(&self.data2)
.style(Style::default().bg(Color::Green));
frame.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);
// Multiline
let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
.block(
Block::new()
.borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
.title("Data3"),
)
.data(&self.data3)
.style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red));
frame.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[2]);
}
}

263
examples/table.rs
View file

@ -13,16 +13,10 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::{error::Error, io};
use color_eyre::Result;
use itertools::Itertools;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Margin, Rect},
style::{self, Color, Modifier, Style, Stylize},
text::{Line, Text},
@ -30,7 +24,7 @@ use ratatui::{
Block, BorderType, Cell, HighlightSpacing, Paragraph, Row, Scrollbar, ScrollbarOrientation,
ScrollbarState, Table, TableState,
},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
use style::palette::tailwind;
use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthStr;
@ -46,6 +40,13 @@ const INFO_TEXT: &str =
const ITEM_HEIGHT: usize = 4;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
struct TableColors {
buffer_bg: Color,
header_bg: Color,
@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ impl App {
items: data_vec,
}
}
pub fn next(&mut self) {
let i = match self.state.selected() {
Some(i) => {
@ -159,6 +161,115 @@ impl App {
pub fn set_colors(&mut self) {
self.colors = TableColors::new(&PALETTES[self.color_index]);
}
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') | KeyCode::Esc => return Ok(()),
KeyCode::Char('j') | KeyCode::Down => self.next(),
KeyCode::Char('k') | KeyCode::Up => self.previous(),
KeyCode::Char('l') | KeyCode::Right => self.next_color(),
KeyCode::Char('h') | KeyCode::Left => self.previous_color(),
_ => {}
}
}
}
}
}
fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let vertical = &Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(5), Constraint::Length(3)]);
let rects = vertical.split(frame.area());
self.set_colors();
self.render_table(frame, rects[0]);
self.render_scrollbar(frame, rects[0]);
self.render_footer(frame, rects[1]);
}
fn render_table(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let header_style = Style::default()
.fg(self.colors.header_fg)
.bg(self.colors.header_bg);
let selected_style = Style::default()
.add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)
.fg(self.colors.selected_style_fg);
let header = ["Name", "Address", "Email"]
.into_iter()
.map(Cell::from)
.collect::<Row>()
.style(header_style)
.height(1);
let rows = self.items.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, data)| {
let color = match i % 2 {
0 => self.colors.normal_row_color,
_ => self.colors.alt_row_color,
};
let item = data.ref_array();
item.into_iter()
.map(|content| Cell::from(Text::from(format!("\n{content}\n"))))
.collect::<Row>()
.style(Style::new().fg(self.colors.row_fg).bg(color))
.height(4)
});
let bar = " █ ";
let t = Table::new(
rows,
[
// + 1 is for padding.
Constraint::Length(self.longest_item_lens.0 + 1),
Constraint::Min(self.longest_item_lens.1 + 1),
Constraint::Min(self.longest_item_lens.2),
],
)
.header(header)
.highlight_style(selected_style)
.highlight_symbol(Text::from(vec![
"".into(),
bar.into(),
bar.into(),
"".into(),
]))
.bg(self.colors.buffer_bg)
.highlight_spacing(HighlightSpacing::Always);
frame.render_stateful_widget(t, area, &mut self.state);
}
fn render_scrollbar(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
frame.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::default()
.orientation(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
.begin_symbol(None)
.end_symbol(None),
area.inner(Margin {
vertical: 1,
horizontal: 1,
}),
&mut self.scroll_state,
);
}
fn render_footer(&self, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
let info_footer = Paragraph::new(Line::from(INFO_TEXT))
.style(
Style::new()
.fg(self.colors.row_fg)
.bg(self.colors.buffer_bg),
)
.centered()
.block(
Block::bordered()
.border_type(BorderType::Double)
.border_style(Style::new().fg(self.colors.footer_border_color)),
);
frame.render_widget(info_footer, area);
}
}
fn generate_fake_names() -> Vec<Data> {
@ -186,114 +297,6 @@ fn generate_fake_names() -> Vec<Data> {
.collect_vec()
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
// create app and run it
let app = App::new();
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>, mut app: App) -> io::Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &mut app))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('q') | KeyCode::Esc => return Ok(()),
KeyCode::Char('j') | KeyCode::Down => app.next(),
KeyCode::Char('k') | KeyCode::Up => app.previous(),
KeyCode::Char('l') | KeyCode::Right => app.next_color(),
KeyCode::Char('h') | KeyCode::Left => app.previous_color(),
_ => {}
}
}
}
}
}
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
let rects = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(5), Constraint::Length(3)]).split(f.area());
app.set_colors();
render_table(f, app, rects[0]);
render_scrollbar(f, app, rects[0]);
render_footer(f, app, rects[1]);
}
fn render_table(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
let header_style = Style::default()
.fg(app.colors.header_fg)
.bg(app.colors.header_bg);
let selected_style = Style::default()
.add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)
.fg(app.colors.selected_style_fg);
let header = ["Name", "Address", "Email"]
.into_iter()
.map(Cell::from)
.collect::<Row>()
.style(header_style)
.height(1);
let rows = app.items.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, data)| {
let color = match i % 2 {
0 => app.colors.normal_row_color,
_ => app.colors.alt_row_color,
};
let item = data.ref_array();
item.into_iter()
.map(|content| Cell::from(Text::from(format!("\n{content}\n"))))
.collect::<Row>()
.style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.row_fg).bg(color))
.height(4)
});
let bar = " █ ";
let t = Table::new(
rows,
[
// + 1 is for padding.
Constraint::Length(app.longest_item_lens.0 + 1),
Constraint::Min(app.longest_item_lens.1 + 1),
Constraint::Min(app.longest_item_lens.2),
],
)
.header(header)
.highlight_style(selected_style)
.highlight_symbol(Text::from(vec![
"".into(),
bar.into(),
bar.into(),
"".into(),
]))
.bg(app.colors.buffer_bg)
.highlight_spacing(HighlightSpacing::Always);
f.render_stateful_widget(t, area, &mut app.state);
}
fn constraint_len_calculator(items: &[Data]) -> (u16, u16, u16) {
let name_len = items
.iter()
@ -319,32 +322,6 @@ fn constraint_len_calculator(items: &[Data]) -> (u16, u16, u16) {
(name_len as u16, address_len as u16, email_len as u16)
}
fn render_scrollbar(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
f.render_stateful_widget(
Scrollbar::default()
.orientation(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
.begin_symbol(None)
.end_symbol(None),
area.inner(Margin {
vertical: 1,
horizontal: 1,
}),
&mut app.scroll_state,
);
}
fn render_footer(f: &mut Frame, app: &App, area: Rect) {
let info_footer = Paragraph::new(Line::from(INFO_TEXT))
.style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.row_fg).bg(app.colors.buffer_bg))
.centered()
.block(
Block::bordered()
.border_type(BorderType::Double)
.border_style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.footer_border_color)),
);
f.render_widget(info_footer, area);
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::Data;

67
examples/tabs.rs
View file

@ -13,26 +13,27 @@
//! [examples]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples
//! [examples readme]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/examples/README.md
use std::io::stdout;
use color_eyre::{config::HookBuilder, Result};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
buffer::Buffer,
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Rect},
style::{palette::tailwind, Color, Stylize},
symbols,
text::Line,
widgets::{Block, Padding, Paragraph, Tabs, Widget},
Terminal,
DefaultTerminal,
};
use strum::{Display, EnumIter, FromRepr, IntoEnumIterator};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::default().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
#[derive(Default)]
struct App {
state: AppState,
@ -59,28 +60,15 @@ enum SelectedTab {
Tab4,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_hooks()?;
let mut terminal = init_terminal()?;
App::default().run(&mut terminal)?;
restore_terminal()?;
Ok(())
}
impl App {
fn run(&mut self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
while self.state == AppState::Running {
self.draw(terminal)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(&self, frame.area()))?;
self.handle_events()?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn draw(&self, terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>) -> Result<()> {
terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget(self, frame.area()))?;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_events(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
@ -226,32 +214,3 @@ impl SelectedTab {
}
}
}
fn init_error_hooks() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
color_eyre::eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
fn init_terminal() -> color_eyre::Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
Ok(terminal)
}
fn restore_terminal() -> color_eyre::Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}

64
examples/tracing.rs
View file

@ -27,39 +27,32 @@
// [tracing]: https://crates.io/crates/tracing
// [tui-logger]: https://crates.io/crates/tui-logger
use std::{fs::File, io::stdout, panic, time::Duration};
use std::{fs::File, time::Duration};
use color_eyre::{
config::HookBuilder,
eyre::{self, Context},
Result,
};
use color_eyre::{eyre::Context, Result};
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
ExecutableCommand,
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
widgets::{Block, Paragraph},
Terminal,
Frame,
};
use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, trace, Level};
use tracing_appender::{non_blocking, non_blocking::WorkerGuard};
use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
init_error_hooks()?;
color_eyre::install()?;
let _guard = init_tracing()?;
info!("Starting tracing example");
let mut terminal = init_terminal()?;
let mut terminal = ratatui::init();
let mut events = vec![]; // a buffer to store the recent events to display in the UI
while !should_exit(&events) {
handle_events(&mut events)?;
terminal.draw(|frame| ui(frame, &events))?;
terminal.draw(|frame| draw(frame, &events))?;
}
restore_terminal()?;
ratatui::restore();
info!("Exiting tracing example");
println!("See the tracing.log file for the logs");
Ok(())
@ -85,7 +78,7 @@ fn handle_events(events: &mut Vec<Event>) -> Result<()> {
}
#[instrument(skip_all)]
fn ui(frame: &mut ratatui::Frame, events: &[Event]) {
fn draw(frame: &mut Frame, events: &[Event]) {
// To view this event, run the example with `RUST_LOG=tracing=debug cargo run --example tracing`
trace!(frame_count = frame.count(), event_count = events.len());
let events = events.iter().map(|e| format!("{e:?}")).collect::<Vec<_>>();
@ -116,38 +109,3 @@ fn init_tracing() -> Result<WorkerGuard> {
.init();
Ok(guard)
}
/// Initialize the error hooks to ensure that the terminal is restored to a sane state before
/// exiting
fn init_error_hooks() -> Result<()> {
let (panic, error) = HookBuilder::default().into_hooks();
let panic = panic.into_panic_hook();
let error = error.into_eyre_hook();
eyre::set_hook(Box::new(move |e| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
error(e)
}))?;
panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
let _ = restore_terminal();
panic(info);
}));
Ok(())
}
#[instrument]
fn init_terminal() -> Result<Terminal<impl Backend>> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
let terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
debug!("terminal initialized");
Ok(terminal)
}
#[instrument]
fn restore_terminal() -> Result<()> {
disable_raw_mode()?;
stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
debug!("terminal restored");
Ok(())
}

244
examples/user_input.rs
View file

@ -27,25 +27,22 @@
//
// See also https://github.com/rhysd/tui-textarea and https://github.com/sayanarijit/tui-input/
use std::{error::Error, io};
use color_eyre::Result;
use ratatui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
},
crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
layout::{Constraint, Layout, Position},
style::{Color, Modifier, Style, Stylize},
text::{Line, Span, Text},
widgets::{Block, List, ListItem, Paragraph},
Frame, Terminal,
DefaultTerminal, Frame,
};
enum InputMode {
Normal,
Editing,
fn main() -> Result<()> {
color_eyre::install()?;
let terminal = ratatui::init();
let app_result = App::new().run(terminal);
ratatui::restore();
app_result
}
/// App holds the state of the application
@ -60,6 +57,11 @@ struct App {
messages: Vec<String>,
}
enum InputMode {
Normal,
Editing,
}
impl App {
const fn new() -> Self {
Self {
@ -133,142 +135,104 @@ impl App {
self.input.clear();
self.reset_cursor();
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
// setup terminal
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
fn run(mut self, mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
// create app and run it
let app = App::new();
let res = run_app(&mut terminal, app);
// restore terminal
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(
terminal.backend_mut(),
LeaveAlternateScreen,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
terminal.show_cursor()?;
if let Err(err) = res {
println!("{err:?}");
}
Ok(())
}
fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>, mut app: App) -> io::Result<()> {
loop {
terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &app))?;
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match app.input_mode {
InputMode::Normal => match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('e') => {
app.input_mode = InputMode::Editing;
}
KeyCode::Char('q') => {
return Ok(());
}
_ => {}
},
InputMode::Editing if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => match key.code {
KeyCode::Enter => app.submit_message(),
KeyCode::Char(to_insert) => {
app.enter_char(to_insert);
}
KeyCode::Backspace => {
app.delete_char();
}
KeyCode::Left => {
app.move_cursor_left();
}
KeyCode::Right => {
app.move_cursor_right();
}
KeyCode::Esc => {
app.input_mode = InputMode::Normal;
}
_ => {}
},
InputMode::Editing => {}
if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
match self.input_mode {
InputMode::Normal => match key.code {
KeyCode::Char('e') => {
self.input_mode = InputMode::Editing;
}
KeyCode::Char('q') => {
return Ok(());
}
_ => {}
},
InputMode::Editing if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => match key.code {
KeyCode::Enter => self.submit_message(),
KeyCode::Char(to_insert) => self.enter_char(to_insert),
KeyCode::Backspace => self.delete_char(),
KeyCode::Left => self.move_cursor_left(),
KeyCode::Right => self.move_cursor_right(),
KeyCode::Esc => self.input_mode = InputMode::Normal,
_ => {}
},
InputMode::Editing => {}
}
}
}
}
}
fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(1),
Constraint::Length(3),
Constraint::Min(1),
]);
let [help_area, input_area, messages_area] = vertical.areas(f.area());
fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
let vertical = Layout::vertical([
Constraint::Length(1),
Constraint::Length(3),
Constraint::Min(1),
]);
let [help_area, input_area, messages_area] = vertical.areas(frame.area());
let (msg, style) = match app.input_mode {
InputMode::Normal => (
vec![
"Press ".into(),
"q".bold(),
" to exit, ".into(),
"e".bold(),
" to start editing.".bold(),
],
Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::RAPID_BLINK),
),
InputMode::Editing => (
vec![
"Press ".into(),
"Esc".bold(),
" to stop editing, ".into(),
"Enter".bold(),
" to record the message".into(),
],
Style::default(),
),
};
let text = Text::from(Line::from(msg)).patch_style(style);
let help_message = Paragraph::new(text);
f.render_widget(help_message, help_area);
let (msg, style) = match self.input_mode {
InputMode::Normal => (
vec![
"Press ".into(),
"q".bold(),
" to exit, ".into(),
"e".bold(),
" to start editing.".bold(),
],
Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::RAPID_BLINK),
),
InputMode::Editing => (
vec![
"Press ".into(),
"Esc".bold(),
" to stop editing, ".into(),
"Enter".bold(),
" to record the message".into(),
],
Style::default(),
),
};
let text = Text::from(Line::from(msg)).patch_style(style);
let help_message = Paragraph::new(text);
frame.render_widget(help_message, help_area);
let input = Paragraph::new(app.input.as_str())
.style(match app.input_mode {
InputMode::Normal => Style::default(),
InputMode::Editing => Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
})
.block(Block::bordered().title("Input"));
f.render_widget(input, input_area);
match app.input_mode {
// Hide the cursor. `Frame` does this by default, so we don't need to do anything here
InputMode::Normal => {}
let input = Paragraph::new(self.input.as_str())
.style(match self.input_mode {
InputMode::Normal => Style::default(),
InputMode::Editing => Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
})
.block(Block::bordered().title("Input"));
frame.render_widget(input, input_area);
match self.input_mode {
// Hide the cursor. `Frame` does this by default, so we don't need to do anything here
InputMode::Normal => {}
// Make the cursor visible and ask ratatui to put it at the specified coordinates after
// rendering
#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
InputMode::Editing => f.set_cursor_position(Position::new(
// Draw the cursor at the current position in the input field.
// This position is can be controlled via the left and right arrow key
input_area.x + app.character_index as u16 + 1,
// Move one line down, from the border to the input line
input_area.y + 1,
)),
// Make the cursor visible and ask ratatui to put it at the specified coordinates after
// rendering
#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
InputMode::Editing => frame.set_cursor_position(Position::new(
// Draw the cursor at the current position in the input field.
// This position is can be controlled via the left and right arrow key
input_area.x + self.character_index as u16 + 1,
// Move one line down, from the border to the input line
input_area.y + 1,
)),
}
let messages: Vec<ListItem> = self
.messages
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, m)| {
let content = Line::from(Span::raw(format!("{i}: {m}")));
ListItem::new(content)
})
.collect();
let messages = List::new(messages).block(Block::bordered().title("Messages"));
frame.render_widget(messages, messages_area);
}
let messages: Vec<ListItem> = app
.messages
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, m)| {
let content = Line::from(Span::raw(format!("{i}: {m}")));
ListItem::new(content)
})
.collect();
let messages = List::new(messages).block(Block::bordered().title("Messages"));
f.render_widget(messages, messages_area);
}

61
src/lib.rs
View file

@ -102,53 +102,28 @@
//! ### Example
//!
//! ```rust,no_run
//! use std::io::{self, stdout};
//!
//! use ratatui::{
//! backend::CrosstermBackend,
//! crossterm::{
//! event::{self, Event, KeyCode},
//! terminal::{
//! disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen,
//! },
//! ExecutableCommand,
//! },
//! crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},
//! widgets::{Block, Paragraph},
//! Frame, Terminal,
//! };
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! enable_raw_mode()?;
//! stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;
//! let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;
//!
//! let mut should_quit = false;
//! while !should_quit {
//! terminal.draw(ui)?;
//! should_quit = handle_events()?;
//! }
//!
//! disable_raw_mode()?;
//! stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
//! Ok(())
//! }
//!
//! fn handle_events() -> io::Result<bool> {
//! if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50))? {
//! fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
//! let mut terminal = ratatui::init();
//! loop {
//! terminal.draw(|frame| {
//! frame.render_widget(
//! Paragraph::new("Hello World!").block(Block::bordered().title("Greeting")),
//! frame.area(),
//! );
//! })?;
//! if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
//! if key.kind == event::KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
//! return Ok(true);
//! if key.kind == KeyEventKind::Press && key.code == KeyCode::Char('q') {
//! break;
//! }
//! }
//! }
//! Ok(false)
//! }
//!
//! fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
//! frame.render_widget(
//! Paragraph::new("Hello World!").block(Block::bordered().title("Greeting")),
//! frame.size(),
//! );
//! ratatui::restore();
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! ```
//!
@ -170,7 +145,7 @@
//! Frame,
//! };
//!
//! fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
//! fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
//! let [title_area, main_area, status_area] = Layout::vertical([
//! Constraint::Length(1),
//! Constraint::Min(0),
@ -213,7 +188,7 @@
//! Frame,
//! };
//!
//! fn ui(frame: &mut Frame) {
//! fn draw(frame: &mut Frame) {
//! let areas = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(1); 4]).split(frame.size());
//!
//! let line = Line::from(vec![
@ -320,6 +295,10 @@
/// re-export the `crossterm` crate so that users don't have to add it as a dependency
#[cfg(feature = "crossterm")]
pub use crossterm;
#[cfg(feature = "crossterm")]
pub use terminal::{
init, init_with_options, restore, try_init, try_init_with_options, try_restore, DefaultTerminal,
};
pub use terminal::{CompletedFrame, Frame, Terminal, TerminalOptions, Viewport};
/// re-export the `termion` crate so that users don't have to add it as a dependency
#[cfg(all(not(windows), feature = "termion"))]

6
src/terminal.rs
View file

@ -32,9 +32,15 @@
//! [`Buffer`]: crate::buffer::Buffer
mod frame;
#[cfg(feature = "crossterm")]
mod init;
mod terminal;
mod viewport;
pub use frame::{CompletedFrame, Frame};
#[cfg(feature = "crossterm")]
pub use init::{
init, init_with_options, restore, try_init, try_init_with_options, try_restore, DefaultTerminal,
};
pub use terminal::{Options as TerminalOptions, Terminal};
pub use viewport::Viewport;

244
src/terminal/init.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
use std::io::{self, stdout, Stdout};
use crossterm::{
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
};
use super::TerminalOptions;
use crate::{backend::CrosstermBackend, Terminal};
/// A type alias for the default terminal type.
///
/// This is a [`Terminal`] using the [`CrosstermBackend`] which writes to [`Stdout`]. This is a
/// reasonable default for most applications. To use a different backend or output stream, instead
/// use [`Terminal`] and a [backend][`crate::backend`] of your choice directly.
pub type DefaultTerminal = Terminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>;
/// Initialize a terminal with reasonable defaults for most applications.
///
/// This will create a new [`DefaultTerminal`] and initialize it with the following defaults:
///
/// - Backend: [`CrosstermBackend`] writing to [`Stdout`]
/// - Raw mode is enabled
/// - Alternate screen buffer enabled
/// - A panic hook is installed that restores the terminal before panicking. Ensure that this method
/// is called after any other panic hooks that may be installed to ensure that the terminal is
/// restored before those hooks are called.
///
/// For more control over the terminal initialization, use [`Terminal::new`] or
/// [`Terminal::with_options`].
///
/// Ensure that this method is called *after* your app installs any other panic hooks to ensure the
/// terminal is restored before the other hooks are called.
///
/// Generally, use this function instead of [`try_init`] to ensure that the terminal is restored
/// correctly if any of the initialization steps fail. If you need to handle the error yourself, use
/// [`try_init`] instead.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// This function will panic if any of the following steps fail:
///
/// - Enabling raw mode
/// - Entering the alternate screen buffer
/// - Creating the terminal fails due to being unable to calculate the terminal size
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// let terminal = ratatui::init();
/// ```
pub fn init() -> DefaultTerminal {
try_init().expect("failed to initialize terminal")
}
/// Try to initialize a terminal using reasonable defaults for most applications.
///
/// This function will attempt to create a [`DefaultTerminal`] and initialize it with the following
/// defaults:
///
/// - Raw mode is enabled
/// - Alternate screen buffer enabled
/// - A panic hook is installed that restores the terminal before panicking.
/// - A [`Terminal`] is created using [`CrosstermBackend`] writing to [`Stdout`]
///
/// If any of these steps fail, the error is returned.
///
/// Ensure that this method is called *after* your app installs any other panic hooks to ensure the
/// terminal is restored before the other hooks are called.
///
/// Generally, you should use [`init`] instead of this function, as the panic hook installed by this
/// function will ensure that any failures during initialization will restore the terminal before
/// panicking. This function is provided for cases where you need to handle the error yourself.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// let terminal = ratatui::try_init()?;
/// # Ok::<(), std::io::Error>(())
/// ```
pub fn try_init() -> io::Result<DefaultTerminal> {
set_panic_hook();
enable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
Terminal::new(backend)
}
/// Initialize a terminal with the given options and reasonable defaults.
///
/// This function allows the caller to specify a custom [`Viewport`] via the [`TerminalOptions`]. It
/// will create a new [`DefaultTerminal`] and initialize it with the given options and the following
/// defaults:
///
/// [`Viewport`]: crate::Viewport
///
/// - Raw mode is enabled
/// - A panic hook is installed that restores the terminal before panicking.
///
/// Unlike [`init`], this function does not enter the alternate screen buffer as this may not be
/// desired in all cases. If you need the alternate screen buffer, you should enable it manually
/// after calling this function.
///
/// For more control over the terminal initialization, use [`Terminal::with_options`].
///
/// Ensure that this method is called *after* your app installs any other panic hooks to ensure the
/// terminal is restored before the other hooks are called.
///
/// Generally, use this function instead of [`try_init_with_options`] to ensure that the terminal is
/// restored correctly if any of the initialization steps fail. If you need to handle the error
/// yourself, use [`try_init_with_options`] instead.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// This function will panic if any of the following steps fail:
///
/// - Enabling raw mode
/// - Creating the terminal fails due to being unable to calculate the terminal size
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use ratatui::{TerminalOptions, Viewport};
///
/// let options = TerminalOptions {
/// viewport: Viewport::Inline(5),
/// };
/// let terminal = ratatui::init_with_options(options);
/// ```
pub fn init_with_options(options: TerminalOptions) -> DefaultTerminal {
try_init_with_options(options).expect("failed to initialize terminal")
}
/// Try to initialize a terminal with the given options and reasonable defaults.
///
/// This function allows the caller to specify a custom [`Viewport`] via the [`TerminalOptions`]. It
/// will attempt to create a [`DefaultTerminal`] and initialize it with the given options and the
/// following defaults:
///
/// [`Viewport`]: crate::Viewport
///
/// - Raw mode is enabled
/// - A panic hook is installed that restores the terminal before panicking.
///
/// Unlike [`try_init`], this function does not enter the alternate screen buffer as this may not be
/// desired in all cases. If you need the alternate screen buffer, you should enable it manually
/// after calling this function.
///
/// If any of these steps fail, the error is returned.
///
/// Ensure that this method is called *after* your app installs any other panic hooks to ensure the
/// terminal is restored before the other hooks are called.
///
/// Generally, you should use [`init_with_options`] instead of this function, as the panic hook
/// installed by this function will ensure that any failures during initialization will restore the
/// terminal before panicking. This function is provided for cases where you need to handle the
/// error yourself.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use ratatui::{TerminalOptions, Viewport};
///
/// let options = TerminalOptions {
/// viewport: Viewport::Inline(5),
/// };
/// let terminal = ratatui::try_init_with_options(options)?;
/// # Ok::<(), std::io::Error>(())
/// ```
pub fn try_init_with_options(options: TerminalOptions) -> io::Result<DefaultTerminal> {
set_panic_hook();
enable_raw_mode()?;
let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
Terminal::with_options(backend, options)
}
/// Restores the terminal to its original state.
///
/// This function should be called before the program exits to ensure that the terminal is
/// restored to its original state.
///
/// This function will attempt to restore the terminal to its original state by performing the
/// following steps:
///
/// 1. Raw mode is disabled.
/// 2. The alternate screen buffer is left.
///
/// If either of these steps fail, the error is printed to stderr and ignored.
///
/// Use this function over [`try_restore`] when you don't need to handle the error yourself, as
/// ignoring the error is generally the correct behavior when cleaning up before exiting. If you
/// need to handle the error yourself, use [`try_restore`] instead.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// ratatui::restore();
/// ```
pub fn restore() {
if let Err(err) = try_restore() {
// There's not much we can do if restoring the terminal fails, so we just print the error
eprintln!("Failed to restore terminal: {err}");
}
}
/// Restore the terminal to its original state.
///
/// This function will attempt to restore the terminal to its original state by performing the
/// following steps:
///
/// 1. Raw mode is disabled.
/// 2. The alternate screen buffer is left.
///
/// If either of these steps fail, the error is returned.
///
/// Use [`restore`] instead of this function when you don't need to handle the error yourself, as
/// ignoring the error is generally the correct behavior when cleaning up before exiting. If you
/// need to handle the error yourself, use this function instead.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// ratatui::try_restore()?;
/// # Ok::<(), std::io::Error>(())
/// ```
pub fn try_restore() -> io::Result<()> {
// disabling raw mode first is important as it has more side effects than leaving the alternate
// screen buffer
disable_raw_mode()?;
execute!(stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Sets a panic hook that restores the terminal before panicking.
///
/// Replaces the panic hook with a one that will restore the terminal state before calling the
/// original panic hook. This ensures that the terminal is left in a good state when a panic occurs.
fn set_panic_hook() {
let hook = std::panic::take_hook();
std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
restore();
hook(info);
}));
}