## Version 3.60.0 - Miku - in development ### New Features - Sprite FX * When defining the `renderTargets` in a WebGL Pipeline config, you can now set optional `width` and `height` properties, which will create a Render Target of that exact size, ignoring the `scale` value (if also given). * `WebGLPipeline.isSpriteFX` is a new boolean property that defines if the pipeline is a Sprite FX Pipeline, or not. The default is `false`. * `GameObjects.Components.FX` is a new component that provides access to FX specific properties and methods. The Image and Sprite Game Objects have this component by default. * `fxPadding` and its related method `setFXPadding` allow you to set extra padding to be added to the texture the Game Object renders with. This is especially useful for Sprite FX shaders that modify the sprite beyond its bounds, such as glow or shadow effects. * The `WebGLPipeline.setShader` method has a new optional parameter `buffer` that allows you to set the vertex buffer to be bound before the shader is activated. * The `WebGLPipeline.setVertexBuffer` method has a new optional parameter `buffer` that allows you to set the vertex buffer to be bound if you don't want to bind the default one. * The `WebGLRenderer.createTextureFromSource` method has a new optional boolean parameter `forceClamp` that will for the clamp wrapping mode even if the texture is a power-of-two. * `RenderTarget` will now automatically set the wrapping mode to clamp. * `WebGLPipeline.flipProjectionMatrix` is a new method that allows you to flip the y and bottom projection matrix values via a parameter. * `PipelineManager.renderTargets` is a new property that holds an array of `RenderTarget` objects that all `SpriteFX` pipelines can share, to keep texture memory as low as possible. * `PipelineManager.maxDimension` is a new property that holds the largest possible target dimension. * `PipelineManager.frameInc` is a new property that holds the amount the `RenderTarget`s will increase in size in each iteration. The default value is 32, meaning it will create targets of size 32, 64, 96, etc. You can control this via the pipeline config object. * `PipelineManager.targetIndex` is a new property that holds the internal target array offset index. Treat it as read-only. * The Pipeline Manager will now create a bunch of `RenderTarget` objects during its `boot` method. These are sized incrementally from 32px and up (use the `frameInc` value to alter this). These targets are shared by all Sprite FX Pipelines. * `PipelineManager.getRenderTarget` is a new method that will return the a `RenderTarget` that best fits the dimensions given. This is typically called by Sprite FX Pipelines, rather than directly. * `PipelineManager.getSwapRenderTarget` is a new method that will return a 'swap' `RenderTarget` that matches the size of the main target. This is called by Sprite FX pipelines and not typically called directly. * `PipelineManager.getAltSwapRenderTarget` is a new method that will return a 'alternative swap' `RenderTarget` that matches the size of the main target. This is called by Sprite FX pipelines and not typically called directly. ### New Features - Compressed Texture Support Phaser 3.60 contains support for Compressed Textures. It can parse both KTX and PVR containers and within those has support for the following formats: ETC, ETC1, ATC, ASTC, BPTC, RGTC, PVRTC, S3TC and S3TCSRB. Compressed Textures differ from normal textures in that their structure is optimized for fast GPU data reads and lower memory consumption. Popular tools that can create compressed textures include PVRTexTool, ASTC Encoder and Texture Packer. Compressed Textures are loaded using the new `this.load.texture` method, which takes a texture configuration object that maps the formats to the files. The browser will then download the first file in the object that it knows it can support. You can also provide Texture Atlas JSON data, or Multi Atlas JSON data, too, so you can use compressed texture atlases. Currently, Texture Packer is the best tool for creating these type of files. Development of this feature was kindly sponsored by Club Penguin Rewritten (https://cprewritten.net). * `TextureSoure.compressionAlgorithm` is now populated with the compression format used by the texture. * `Types.Textures.CompressedTextureData` is the new compressed texture configuration object type. * `TextureManager.addCompressedTexture` is a new method that will add a compressed texture, and optionally atlas data into the Texture Manager and return a `Texture` object than any Sprite can use. * `Textures.Parsers.KTXParser` is a new parser for the KTX compression container format. * `Textures.Parsers.PVRParser` is a new parser for the PVR compression container format. * The `WebGLRenderer.compression` property now holds a more in-depth object containing supported compression formats. * The `WebGLRenderer.createTextureFromSource` method now accepts the `CompressedTextureData` data objects and creates WebGL textures from them. * `WebGLRenderer.getCompressedTextures` is a new method that will populate the `WebGLRenderer.compression` object and return its value. This is called automatically when the renderer boots. * `WebGLRenderer.getCompressedTextureName` is a new method that will return a compressed texture format GLenum based on the given format. ### New Features - Multi Tint Pipeline * If you have a customised Multi Tint Pipeline fragment shader that uses the `%forloop%` declaration, you should update it to follow the new format defined in `Multi.frag`. This new shader uses a function called `getSampler` instead. Please see the shader code and update your own shaders accordingly. You can also see the documentation for the MultiPipeline for details. * The `Multi.frag` shader now uses a `highp` precision instead of `mediump`. * The `WebGL.Utils.checkShaderMax` function will no longer use a massive if/else glsl shader check and will instead rely on the value given in `gl.getParameter(gl.MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS)`. * The `WebGL.Utils.parseFragmentShaderMaxTextures` function no longer supports the `%forloop%` declaration. * The internal WebGL Utils function `GenerateSrc` has been removed as it's no longer required internally. ### Removed - Graphics Pipeline The WebGL Graphics Pipeline has been removed. This pipeline wasn't used in v3.55, as all Graphics rendering is handled by the MultiTint pipeline, for better batching support. No Phaser Game Objects use the Graphics pipeline any longer, so to save space it has been removed and is no longer installed by the Pipeline Manager. ### New Features - Matter Physics v0.18 We have updated the version of Matter Physics to the latest v0.18 release. This is a big jump and brings with it quite a few internal changes to Matter. The following are the differences we have identified in this release: * Up to ~40% performance improvement (on average measured over all examples, in Node on a Mac Air M1) * Replaces `Matter.Grid` with a faster and more efficient broadphase in `Matter.Detector`. * Reduced memory usage and garbage collection. * Resolves issues in `Matter.SAT` related to collision reuse. * Removes performance issues from `Matter.Grid`. * Improved collision accuracy. * `MatterPhysics.collision` is a new reference to the `Collision` module, which now handles all Matter collision events. * `MatterPhysics.grid` has been removed as this is now handled by the `Collision` module. * `MatterPhysics.sat` has been removed as this is now handled by the `Collision` module. * The `Matter.Body.previousPositionImpulse` property has been removed as it's no longer used. ### New Features - New Tween Manager TODO - TweenData to class TODO - TweenData and Tween State methods TODO - CONST removals The Phaser 3.60 Tween system has been recoded to help with performance and resolving some of its lingering issues and unifying the Tween events and callbacks. The following are breaking changes: * Tween Timelines have been removed entirely. Due to the way they were implemented they tended to cause a range of esoteric timing bugs which were non-trivial to resolve. To that end, we made the decision to remove Timelines entirely and introduced the ability to chain tweens together using the new `chain` method. This should give most developers the same level of sequencing they had using Timelines, without the timing issues. * When creating a Tween, you can no longer pass a function for the following properties: `duration`, `hold`, `repeat` and `repeatDelay`. These should be numbers only. You can, however, still provide a function for `delay`, to keep it compatible with the StaggerBuilder. * The `TweenManager#getAllTweens` method has been renamed to `TweenManager#getTweens`. Functionally, it is the same. * The property and feature `Tween.useFrames` has been removed and is no longer a valid Tween Config option. Tweens are now entirely ms/time based. * The `TweenOnUpdateCallback` now has the following parameters: `tween`, `targets`, `key` (the property being tweened), `current` (the current value of the property), `previous` (the previous value of the property) and finally any of the params that were passed in the `onUpdateParams` array when the Tween was created. * The `TweenOnYoyoCallback` now has the following parameters: `tween`, `targets`, `key` (the property being tweened), `current` (the current value of the property), `previous` (the previous value of the property) and finally any of the params that were passed in the `onYoyoParams` array when the Tween was created. * The `TweenOnRepeatCallback` now has the following parameters: `tween`, `targets`, `key` (the property being tweened), `current` (the current value of the property), `previous` (the previous value of the property) and finally any of the params that were passed in the `onRepeatParams` array when the Tween was created. * `Tween.stop` has had the `resetTo` parameter removed from it. Calling `stop` on a Tween will now prepare the tween for immediate destruction. If you only wish to pause the tween, see `Tween.pause` instead. * Tweens will now be automatically destroyed by the Tween Manager upon completion. This helps massively in reducing stale references and memory consumption. However, if you require your Tween to live-on, even after playback, then you can now specify a new `persists` boolean flag when creating it, or toggle the `Tween.persist` property before playback. This will force the Tween to _not_ be destroyed by the Tween Manager, allowing you to replay it at any later point. The trade-off is that _you_ are now entirely responsible for destroying the Tween when you are finished with it, in order to free-up resources. * All of the 'Scope' tween configuration callback properties have been removed, including `onActiveScope`, `onCompleteScope`, `onLoopScope`, `onPauseScope`, `onRepeatScope`, `onResumeScope`, `onStartScope`, `onStopScope`, `onUpdateScope` and `onYoyoScope`. You should set the `callbackScope` property instead, which will globally set the scope for all callbacks. You can also set the `Tween.callbackScope` property. The following are to do with the new Chained Tweens feature: * `TweenManager.chain` - TODO * `Tween.getChainedTweens` is a new method that will return all of the tweens in a chained sequence, starting from the point of the Tween this is called on. * `TweenManager.getChainedTweens(tween)` is a new method that will return all of the tweens in a chained sequence, starting from the given tween. * You can now specify a target property as 'random' to have the Tween pick a random float between two given values, for example: `alpha: 'random(0.25, 0.75)'`. If you wish to force it to select a random integer, use 'int' instead: `x: 'int(300, 600)'`. The following are further updates within the Tween system: * `TweenManager.add` and `TweenManager.create` can now optionally take an array of Tween Configuration objects. Each Tween will be created, added to the Tween Manager and then returned in an array. You can still pass in a single config if you wish. * `Tween.pause` is a new method that allows you to pause a Tween. This will emit the PAUSE event and, if set, fire the `onPause` callback. * `Tween.resume` is a new method that allows you to resume a paused Tween. This will emit the RESUME event and, if set, fire the `onResume` callback. * There is a new `TweenOnPauseCallback` available when creating a Tween (via the `onPause` property). This comes with associated `onPauseParams` and `onPauseScope` properties, too, like all other callbacks and can also be added via the `Tween.setCallbacks` method. This callback is invoked if you pause the Tween. * There is a new `TweenOnResumeCallback` available when creating a Tween (via the `onResume` property). This comes with associated `onResumeParams` and `onResumeScope` properties, too, like all other callbacks and can also be added via the `Tween.setCallbacks` method. This callback is invoked if you resume a previously paused Tween. * The property value of a Tween can now be an array, i.e. `x: [ 100, 300, 200, 600 ]` in which case the Tween will use interpolation to determine the value. * You can now specify an `interpolation` property in the Tween config to set which interpolation method the Tween will use if an array of numeric values have been given as the tween value. Valid values includes `linear`, `bezier` and `catmull` (or `catmullrom`), or you can provide your own function to use. * You can now specify a `scale` property in a Tween config and, if the target _does not_ have a `scale` property itself (i.e. a GameObject) then it will automatically apply the value to both `scaleX` and `scaleY` together during the tween. This is a nice short-cut way to tween the scale of Game Objects by only specifying one property, instead of two. * `killTweensOf(targets)` now supports deeply-nested arrays of items as the `target` parameter. Fix #6016 (thanks @michalfialadev) * `killTweensOf(target)` did not stop target tweens if called immediately after tween creation. Fix #6173 (thanks @michalfialadev) * It wasn't possible to resume a Tween that was immediately paused after creation. Fix #6169 (thanks @trynx) * Calling `Tween.setCallback()` without specifying the `params` argument would cause an error invoking the callback params. This parameter is now fully optional. Fix #6047 (thanks @orcomarcio) * Calling `Tween.play` immediately after creating a tween with `paused: true` in the config wouldn't start playback. Fix #6005 (thanks @MartinEyebab) * Fixed an issue where neither Tweens or Timelines would factor in the Tween Manager `timeScale` value unless they were using frame-based timing instead of delta timing. * The first parameter to `Tween.seek`, `toPosition` now defaults to zero. Previously, you had to specify a value. * The `TweenBuilder` now uses the new `GetInterpolationFunction` function internally. * The `TweenBuilder` has been optimized to perform far less functions when creating the TweenData instances. * The keyword `interpolation` has been added to the Reserved Words list and Defaults list (it defaults to `null`). * The keyword `persists` has been added to the Reserved Words list and Defaults list (it defaults to `false`). * `Tween.initTweenData` is a new method that handles the initialisation of all the Tween Data and Tween values. This replaces what took place in the `init` and `seek` methods previously. This is called automatically and should not usually be invoked directly. * The internal `Tween.calcDuration` method has been removed. This is now handled as part of the `initTweenData` call. * Fixed a bug where setting `repeat` and `hold` would cause the Tween to include one final hold before marking itself as complete. It now completes as soon as the final repeat concludes, not after an addition hold. ### TimeStep Updates * You can now enforce an FPS rate on your game by setting the `fps: { limit: 30 }` value in your game config. In this case, it will set an fps rate of 30. This forces Phaser to not run the game step more than 30 times per second (or whatever value you set) and works for both Request Animation Frame and SetTimeOut. * `TimeStep._limitRate` is a new internal private property allowing the Timestep to keep track of fps-limited steps. * `TimeStep.hasFpsLimit` is a new internal boolean so the Timestep knows if the step is fps rate limited, or not. * There is now a `TimeStep.step` method and `TimeStep.setLimitFPS` method. Which one is called depends on if you have fps limited your game, or not. This switch is made internally, automatically. * `TimeStep.smoothDelta` is a new method that encapsulates the delta smoothing. * `TimeStep.updateFPS` is a new method that calculates the moving frame rate average. * `TimeStep.wake` will now automatically reset the fps limits and internal update counters. * `TimeStep.destroy` will now call `RequestAnimationFrame.destroy`, properly cleaning it down. * `RequestAnimationFrame.step` will now no longer call `requestAnimationFrame` if `isRunning` has been set to `false` (via the `stop` method) * The `TimeStep` no longer calculates or passes the `interpolation` value to Game.step as it was removed several versions ago, so is redundant. * The `RequestAnimationFrame.tick` property has been removed as it's no longer used internally. * The `RequestAnimationFrame.lastTime` property has been removed as it's no longer used internally. * The `RequestAnimationFrame` class no longer calculates the tick or lastTime values and doesn't call `performance.now` as these values were never used internally and were not used by the receiving callback either. * The `RequestAnimationFrame.target` property has been renamed to `delay` to better describe what it does. * The TimeStep would always allocate 1 more entry than the `deltaSmoothingMax` value set in the game config. This is now clamped correctly (thanks @vzhou842) ### New Features * The `TextureManager.addSpriteSheet` method will now allow you to pass in a Phaser Texture as the 2nd parameter. This allows you to add sprite sheet data to textures that came from external sources, such as SVG files or canvas elements. * `Game.pause` is a new method that will pause the entire game and all Phaser systems. * `Game.resume` is a new method that will resume the entire game and resume all of Phaser's systems. * `RenderTexture.fillFrame` is a new method that will take a given texture and draw it to the Render Texture as a fill-pattern. You can control the offset, alpha and tint of the draw (thanks xlapiz) * `ScaleManager.getViewPort` is a new method that will return a Rectangle geometry object that matches the visible area of the screen (thanks @rexrainbow) * When starting a Scene and using an invalid key, Phaser will now raise a console warning informing you of this, instead of silently failing. Fix #5811 (thanks @ubershmekel) * `GameObjects.Layer.addToDisplayList` and `removeFromDisplayList` are new methods that allows for you to now add a Layer as a child of another Layer. Fix #5799 (thanks @samme) * `GameObjects.Video.loadURL` has a new optional 4th parameter `crossOrigin`. This allows you to specify a cross origin request type when loading the video cross-domain (thanks @rmartell) * You can now set `loader.imageLoadType: "HTMLImageElement"` in your Game Configuration and the Phaser Loader will use an Image Tag to load all images, rather than XHR and a Blob object which is the default. This is a global setting, so all file types that use images, such as Atlas or Spritesheet, will be changed via this flag (thanks @hanzooo) * You can now control the drawing offset of tiles in a Tileset using the new optional property `Tileset.tileOffset` (which is a Vector2). This property is set automatically when Tiled data is parsed and found to contain it. Fix #5633 (thanks @moJiXiang @kainage) * You can now set the alpha value of the Camera Flash effect before running it, where-as previously it was always 1 (thanks @kainage) * The `Tilemap.createFromObjects` method has been overhauled to support typed tiles from the Tiled Map Editor (https://doc.mapeditor.org/en/stable/manual/custom-properties/#typed-tiles). It will now also examine the Tileset to inherit properties based on the tile gid. It will also now attempt to use the same texture and frame as Tiled when creating the object (thanks @lackhand) * `TweenManager.reset` is a new method that will take a tween, remove it from all internal arrays, then seek it back to its start and set it as being active. * The `Video` config will now detect for `x-m4v` playback support for video formats and store it in the `Video.m4v` property. This is used automatically by the `VideoFile` file loader. Fix #5719 (thanks @patrickkeenan) * The `KeyboardPlugin.removeKey` method has a new optional parameter `removeCapture`. This will remove any keyboard capture events for the given Key. Fix #5693 (thanks @cyantree) * The `KeyboardPlugin.removeAllKeys` method has a new optional parameter `removeCapture`. This will remove any keyboard capture events for all of the Keys owned by the plugin. * `WebGLShader.fragSrc` is a new property that holds the source of the fragment shader. * `WebGLShader.vertSrc` is a new property that holds the source of the vertex shader. * `WebGLShader#.createProgram` is a new method that will destroy and then re-create the shader program based on the given (or stored) vertex and fragment shader source. * `WebGLShader.setBoolean` is a new method that allows you to set a boolean uniform on a shader. * `WebGLPipeline.setBoolean` is a new method that allows you to set a boolean uniform on a shader. * `Phaser.Scenes.Systems.getStatus` is a new method that will return the current status of the Scene. * `Phaser.Scenes.ScenePlugin.getStatus` is a new method that will return the current status of the given Scene. * `Math.LinearXY` is a new function that will interpolate between 2 given Vector2s and return a new Vector2 as a result (thanks @GregDevProjects) * `Curves.Path.getCurveAt` is a new method that will return the curve that forms the path at the given location (thanks @natureofcode) * You can now use any `Shape` Game Object as a Geometry Mask. Fix #5900 (thanks @rexrainbow) * `Mesh.setTint` is a new method that will set the tint color across all vertices of a Mesh (thanks @rexrainbow) * `Mesh.tint` is a new setter that will set the tint color across all vertices of a Mesh (thanks @rexrainbow) * `Mesh.clearTint` is a new method that will clear the tint from all vertices of a Mesh (thanks @rexrainbow) * You can now use dot notation as the datakey when defining a Loader Pack File (thanks @rexrainbow) * `Vector2.project` is a new method that will project the vector onto the given vector (thanks @samme) * Experimental feature: The `TilemapLayer` now has the `Mask` component - meaning you can apply a mask to tilemaps (thanks @samme) * `TilemapLayer.setTint` is a new method that allows you to set the tint color of all tiles in the given area, optionally based on the filtering search options. This is a WebGL only feature. * `RenderTexture.setIsSpriteTexture` is a new method that allows you to flag a Render Texture as being used as the source for Sprite Game Object textures. Doing this ensures that images drawn to the Render Texture are correctly inverted for rendering in WebGL. Not doing so can cause inverted frames. If you use this method, you must use it before drawing anything to the Render Texture. Fix #6057 #6017 (thanks @andymikulski @Grandnainconnu) * `UtilityPipeline.blitFrame` has a new optional boolean parameter `flipY` which, if set, will invert the source Render Target while drawing it to the destination Render Target. * `GameObjects.Polygon.setTo` is a new method that allows you to change the points being used to render a Polygon Shape Game Object. Fix #6151 (thanks @PhaserEditor2D) * `maxAliveParticles` is a new Particle Emitter config property that sets the maximum number of _alive_ particles the emitter is allowed to update. When this limit is reached a particle will have to die before another can be spawned. * `Utils.Array.Flatten` is a new function that will return a flattened version of an array, regardless of how deeply-nested it is. * `GameObjects.Text.appendText` is a new method that will append the given text, or array of text, to the end of the content already stored in the Text object. * `Textures.Events.ADD_KEY` is a new event dispatched by the Texture Manager when a texture with the given key is added, allowing you to listen for the addition of a specific texture (thanks @samme) * `Textures.Events.REMOVE_KEY` is a new event dispatched by the Texture Manager when a texture with the given key is removed, allowing you to listen for the removal of a specific texture (thanks @samme) ### Geom Updates The following are API-breaking, in that a new optional parameter has been inserted prior to the output parameter. If you use any of the following functions, please update your code: * The `Geom.Intersects.GetLineToLine` method has a new optional parameter `isRay`. If `true` it will treat the first line parameter as a ray, if false, as a line segment (the default). * The `Geom.Intersects.GetLineToPoints` method has a new optional parameter `isRay`. If `true` it will treat the line parameter as a ray, if false, as a line segment (the default). * The `Geom.Intersects.GetLineToPolygon` method has a new optional parameter `isRay`. If `true` it will treat the line parameter as a ray, if false, as a line segment (the default). * `Geom.Intersects.GetRaysFromPointToPolygon` uses the new `isRay` parameter to enable this function to work fully again. ### Loader Updates * `MultiFile.pendingDestroy` is a new method that is called by the Loader Plugin and manages preparing the file for deletion. It also emits the `FILE_COMPLETE` and `FILE_KEY_COMPLETE` events, fixing a bug where `MultiFile` related files, such as an Atlas JSON or a Bitmap Font File, wouldn't emit the `filecomplete` events for the parent file, only for the sub-files. This means you can now listen for the file completion event for `multiatlas` files, among others. * `MultiFile.destroy` is a new method that clears down all external references of the file, helping free-up resources. * `File.addToCache` no longer calls `File.pendingDestroy`, instead this is now handled by the Loader Plugin. * There is a new File constant `FILE_PENDING_DESTROY` which is used to ensure Files aren't flagged for destruction more than once. * `LoaderPlugin.localSchemes` is a new array of scheme strings that the Loader considers as being local files. This is populated by the new `Phaser.Core.Config#loaderLocalScheme` game / scene config property. It defaults to `[ 'file://', 'capacitor://' ]` but additional schemes can be defined or pushed onto this array. Based on #6010 (thanks @kglogocki) ### Updates * When you try to use a frame that is missing on the Texture, it will now give the key of the Texture in the console warning (thanks @samme) * The `Display.Masks.BitmapMask` `destroy` method will now remove the context-lost event handler. * The `hitArea` parameter of the `GameObjects.Zone.setDropZone` method is now optional and if not given it will try to create a hit area based on the size of the Zone Game Object (thanks @rexrainbow) * `BitmapMask.scene` is a new property that allows the Bitmap Mask to reference the Scene it was created in. * The `DOMElement.preUpdate` method has been removed. If you overrode this method, please now see `preRender` instead. * `DOMElement.preRender` is a new method that will check parent visibility and improve its behavior, responding to the parent even if the Scene is paused or the element is inactive. Dom Elements are also no longer added to the Scene Update List. Fix #5816 (thanks @prakol16 @samme) * Phaser 3 is now built with webpack 5 and all related packages have been updated. * Previously, an Array Matrix would enforce it had more than 2 rows. This restriction has been removed, allowing you to define and rotate single-row array matrices (thanks @andriibarvynko) * The Gamepad objects now have full TypeScript definitions thanks to @sylvainpolletvillard * Lots of configuration objects now have full TypeScript definitions thanks to @16patsle * `Particle.fire` will now throw an error if the particle has no texture frame. This prevents an uncaught error later when the particle fails to render. Fix #5838 (thanks @samme @monteiz) * `ParticleEmitterManager.setEmitterFrames` will now print out console warnings if an invalid texture frame is given, or if no texture frames were set. Fix #5838 (thanks @samme @monteiz) * `SceneManager.stop` and `sleep` will now ignore the call if the Scene has already been shut down, avoiding potential problems with duplicate event handles. Fix #5826 (thanks @samme) * Removed the `Tint` and `Flip` components from the `Camera` class. Neither were ever used internally, or during rendering, so it was just confusing having them in the API. * A new `console.error` will be printed if the `File`, `MultiFile`, `JSONFile` or `XMLFile` fail to process or parse correctly, even if they manage to load. Fix #5862 #5851 (thanks @samme @ubershmekel) * The `ScriptFile` Loader File Type has a new optional parameter: `type`. This is a string that controls the type attribute of the `