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Reilly Wood 21b84a6d65
Optional members in cell paths: Attempt 2 (#8379) 
This is a follow up from https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/7540.
Please provide feedback if you have the time!

## Summary

This PR lets you use `?` to indicate that a member in a cell path is
optional and Nushell should return `null` if that member cannot be
accessed.

Unlike the previous PR, `?` is now a _postfix_ modifier for cell path
members. A cell path of `.foo?.bar` means that `foo` is optional and
`bar` is not.

`?` does _not_ suppress all errors; it is intended to help in situations
where data has "holes", i.e. the data types are correct but something is
missing. Type mismatches (like trying to do a string path access on a
date) will still fail.

### Record Examples

```bash

{ foo: 123 }.foo # returns 123

{ foo: 123 }.bar # errors
{ foo: 123 }.bar? # returns null

{ foo: 123 } | get bar # errors
{ foo: 123 } | get bar? # returns null

{ foo: 123 }.bar.baz # errors
{ foo: 123 }.bar?.baz # errors because `baz` is not present on the result from `bar?`
{ foo: 123 }.bar.baz? # errors
{ foo: 123 }.bar?.baz? # returns null
```

### List Examples
```
〉[{foo: 1} {foo: 2} {}].foo
Error: nu:🐚:column_not_found

  × Cannot find column
   ╭─[entry #30:1:1]
 1 │ [{foo: 1} {foo: 2} {}].foo
   ·                    ─┬  ─┬─
   ·                     │   ╰── cannot find column 'foo'
   ·                     ╰── value originates here
   ╰────
〉[{foo: 1} {foo: 2} {}].foo?
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ 1 │
│ 1 │ 2 │
│ 2 │   │
╰───┴───╯
〉[{foo: 1} {foo: 2} {}].foo?.2 | describe
nothing

〉[a b c].4? | describe
nothing

〉[{foo: 1} {foo: 2} {}] | where foo? == 1
╭───┬─────╮
│ # │ foo │
├───┼─────┤
│ 0 │   1 │
╰───┴─────╯
```

# Breaking changes

1. Column names with `?` in them now need to be quoted.
2. The `-i`/`--ignore-errors` flag has been removed from `get` and
`select`
1. After this PR, most `get` error handling can be done with `?` and/or
`try`/`catch`.
4. Cell path accesses like this no longer work without a `?`:
```bash
〉[{a:1 b:2} {a:3}].b.0
2
```
We had some clever code that was able to recognize that since we only
want row `0`, it's OK if other rows are missing column `b`. I removed
that because it's tricky to maintain, and now that query needs to be
written like:


```bash
〉[{a:1 b:2} {a:3}].b?.0
2
```

I think the regression is acceptable for now. I plan to do more work in
the future to enable streaming of cell path accesses, and when that
happens I'll be able to make `.b.0` work again.
2023-03-15 20:50:58 -07:00
..
assignment allow different types of lists to be appended (#8157) 2023-02-22 12:53:36 +00:00
bytes special-case ExternalStream in bytes starts-with (#8203) 2023-02-26 15:17:44 +01:00
date Standardise the use of ShellError::UnsupportedInput and ShellError::TypeMismatch and add spans to every instance of the former (#7217) 2022-12-23 01:48:53 -05:00
hash_ Deprecate hash base64, extend decode and add encode commands (#5863) 2022-06-26 00:35:23 +03:00
math support multiplication operation on string and list values (#8061) 2023-02-13 16:35:53 +00:00
move_ Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
network Add SSL tests for http get (#8327) 2023-03-07 07:56:39 -08:00
path Display empty records and lists (#7925) 2023-02-22 16:18:33 +00:00
platform Validate input range of du flags (#7962) 2023-02-06 21:34:32 +01:00
query Feature cleanup (#7182) 2022-11-22 16:58:11 -08:00
random Use imported names in Command::run signatures (#7967) 2023-02-05 22:17:46 +01:00
skip Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
str_ Improve error when regex rejects pattern. Resolution of #8037 (#8050) 2023-02-12 13:25:40 +00:00
take Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
url Feat/7725 url join (#7823) 2023-01-22 19:49:40 +01:00
alias.rs Disable alias recursion (#8397) 2023-03-13 06:16:26 +13:00
all.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
any.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
append.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
break_.rs New commands: break, continue, return, and loop (#7230) 2022-11-25 09:39:16 +13:00
cal.rs Optional members in cell paths: Attempt 2 (#8379) 2023-03-15 20:50:58 -07:00
cd.rs Re-enable some good tests, remove some bad tests (#7875) 2023-01-28 14:56:47 -06:00
compact.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
continue_.rs New commands: break, continue, return, and loop (#7230) 2022-11-25 09:39:16 +13:00
cp.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
def.rs fixes a def parsing bug with a default list (#8096) 2023-02-22 12:53:11 +00:00
default.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
do_.rs Bare word improvements (#8066) 2023-02-16 02:30:56 +00:00
drop.rs last, skip, drop, take until, take while, skip until, skip while, where, reverse, shuffle, append, prepend and sort-by raise error when given non-lists (#7623) 2022-12-31 13:35:12 +02:00
each.rs Remove deprecated --numbered flag from four commands (#7777) 2023-02-02 16:59:58 -06:00
echo.rs Require block params (#4505) 2022-02-17 06:40:24 -05:00
empty.rs Fix $in in blocks given to any and all (#6951) 2022-11-01 11:36:54 -07:00
enter.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
error_make.rs add unspanned flag to error make, add tests (#6017) 2022-07-12 06:03:50 -05:00
every.rs Another batch of command tests (#4496) 2022-02-16 07:38:02 -05:00
exec.rs Add "fall-through" signatures (#7527) 2022-12-22 00:33:26 +02:00
export_def.rs allow -h flags for export subcommands (#6189) 2022-08-02 10:26:16 -05:00
fill.rs string | fill counts clusters, not graphemes; and doesn't count ANSI escape codes (#8134) 2023-02-20 06:32:20 -06:00
find.rs Display empty records and lists (#7925) 2023-02-22 16:18:33 +00:00
first.rs Make stream info visible to users in describe (#7589) 2023-01-03 21:08:05 -08:00
flatten.rs str collect => str join (#6531) 2022-09-11 11:48:27 +03:00
for_.rs Fix typos and use more idiomatic assertions (#7755) 2023-01-15 15:03:32 +13:00
format.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
g.rs Make g - switch to the last used shell (#6249) 2022-08-06 10:11:03 -05:00
get.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
glob.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
group_by.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
headers.rs Type validation for headers command (#6918) (#7047) 2022-11-09 16:43:24 -08:00
help.rs Re-implement aliases (#8123) 2023-02-27 20:44:05 +13:00
histogram.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
insert.rs Remove deprecated --numbered flag from four commands (#7777) 2023-02-02 16:59:58 -06:00
into_filesize.rs fix overflow on negative bytes (#7070) 2022-11-10 22:33:15 +01:00
into_int.rs Fix 8244 -- store timestamps with nanosecond resolution (consistently) (#8337) 2023-03-07 17:02:15 -06:00
last.rs Make stream info visible to users in describe (#7589) 2023-01-03 21:08:05 -08:00
length.rs Remove old nushell/merge engine-q 2022-02-07 14:54:06 -05:00
let_.rs check external failed in let assignment (#8164) 2023-02-22 17:35:09 +00:00
lines.rs Replace row conditions with closures in commands (#7428) 2022-12-10 19:24:06 +02:00
loop_.rs Fix typos and use more idiomatic assertions (#7755) 2023-01-15 15:03:32 +13:00
ls.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
merge.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
mkdir.rs Filesystem commands print --verbose to stderr (#8014) 2023-02-09 10:29:34 -08:00
mod.rs special-case ExternalStream in bytes starts-with (#8203) 2023-02-26 15:17:44 +01:00
mut_.rs Allow $env and mutable records to be mutated by = (closes #7110) (#7318) 2022-12-06 19:51:55 +02:00
n.rs Refactor shell switching related code (#6258) 2022-08-07 13:30:40 -05:00
nu_check.rs A set of fixes for stderr redirect (#7219) 2022-11-24 16:58:15 +13:00
open.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
p.rs Refactor shell switching related code (#6258) 2022-08-07 13:30:40 -05:00
parse.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
prepend.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
print.rs add -e flag to print, to print the value to stderr (#5935) 2022-07-02 09:54:49 -05:00
range.rs Use 'table' on scripts and -c commands (#4377) 2022-02-09 05:58:54 -05:00
redirection.rs Let redirection keep exit code (#7848) 2023-01-30 16:49:31 +01:00
reduce.rs Test return in reduce closure from #7961 (#7973) 2023-02-06 11:01:08 +01:00
reject.rs Optional members in cell paths: Attempt 2 (#8379) 2023-03-15 20:50:58 -07:00
rename.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
return_.rs ensure that when nu evaluates files, it allows early returns (#7415) 2023-02-02 00:02:27 +01:00
reverse.rs last, skip, drop, take until, take while, skip until, skip while, where, reverse, shuffle, append, prepend and sort-by raise error when given non-lists (#7623) 2022-12-31 13:35:12 +02:00
rm.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
roll.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
rotate.rs str collect => str join (#6531) 2022-09-11 11:48:27 +03:00
run_external.rs Throw out error if external command in subexpression is failed to run (#8204) 2023-03-01 13:50:38 +02:00
save.rs allow Range to expand to array-like when converting to json (#8047) 2023-02-24 15:31:33 -06:00
select.rs Optional members in cell paths: Attempt 2 (#8379) 2023-03-15 20:50:58 -07:00
semicolon.rs Remove old nushell/merge engine-q 2022-02-07 14:54:06 -05:00
seq.rs Make stream info visible to users in describe (#7589) 2023-01-03 21:08:05 -08:00
seq_char.rs Simplify seq char (#7054) 2022-11-09 17:06:47 -08:00
shells.rs Refactor shell listing related code (#6262) 2022-08-08 06:31:24 -05:00
sort.rs Add -n flag to sort (formerly only available on sort-by) (#7293) 2022-12-01 07:11:30 -06:00
sort_by.rs last, skip, drop, take until, take while, skip until, skip while, where, reverse, shuffle, append, prepend and sort-by raise error when given non-lists (#7623) 2022-12-31 13:35:12 +02:00
source_env.rs ensure that when nu evaluates files, it allows early returns (#7415) 2023-02-02 00:02:27 +01:00
split_by.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
split_column.rs refactor: change column names from 'Column*' to 'column*' (#4556) 2022-02-19 19:26:47 -05:00
split_row.rs Remove old nushell/merge engine-q 2022-02-07 14:54:06 -05:00
table.rs table --collapse dont do truncation return message instead (#8172) 2023-02-22 18:35:45 +00:00
to_text.rs Make to text stream ListStreams (#7577) 2022-12-22 16:38:07 -08:00
touch.rs chore: chrono_update (#7132) 2022-11-27 07:19:02 +13:00
transpose.rs Prevents duplicate fields in transpose -r (#5840) 2022-06-22 19:19:06 -05:00
try_.rs fix some typos (#7773) 2023-01-16 12:43:46 +01:00
uniq.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
uniq_by.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
update.rs Remove deprecated --numbered flag from four commands (#7777) 2023-02-02 16:59:58 -06:00
upsert.rs Remove deprecated --numbered flag from four commands (#7777) 2023-02-02 16:59:58 -06:00
use_.rs Allow main command to define top-level module command (#7764) 2023-01-22 21:34:15 +02:00
where_.rs Optional members in cell paths: Attempt 2 (#8379) 2023-03-15 20:50:58 -07:00
which.rs Re-implement aliases (#8123) 2023-02-27 20:44:05 +13:00
while_.rs Fix typos and use more idiomatic assertions (#7755) 2023-01-15 15:03:32 +13:00
with_env.rs Re-enable some good tests, remove some bad tests (#7875) 2023-01-28 14:56:47 -06:00
wrap.rs Fix warnings and old names (#8457) 2023-03-15 18:54:55 +13:00
zip.rs Use variable names directly in the format strings (#7906) 2023-01-29 19:37:54 -06:00