This commit extracts five new crates:
- nu-source, which contains the core source-code handling logic in Nu,
including Text, Span, and also the pretty.rs-based debug logic
- nu-parser, which is the parser and expander logic
- nu-protocol, which is the bulk of the types and basic conveniences
used by plugins
- nu-errors, which contains ShellError, ParseError and error handling
conveniences
- nu-textview, which is the textview plugin extracted into a crate
One of the major consequences of this refactor is that it's no longer
possible to `impl X for Spanned<Y>` outside of the `nu-source` crate, so
a lot of types became more concrete (Value became a concrete type
instead of Spanned<Value>, for example).
This also turned a number of inherent methods in the main nu crate into
plain functions (impl Value {} became a bunch of functions in the
`value` namespace in `crate::data::value`).
After the previous commit, nushell uses PrettyDebug and
PrettyDebugWithSource for our pretty-printed display output.
PrettyDebug produces a structured `pretty.rs` document rather than
writing directly into a fmt::Formatter, and types that implement
`PrettyDebug` have a convenience `display` method that produces a string
(to be used in situations where `Display` is needed for compatibility
with other traits, or where simple rendering is appropriate).
This commit extracts Tag, Span, Text, as well as source-related debug
facilities into a new crate called nu_source.
This change is much bigger than one might have expected because the
previous code relied heavily on implementing inherent methods on
`Tagged<T>` and `Spanned<T>`, which is no longer possible.
As a result, this change creates more concrete types instead of using
`Tagged<T>`. One notable example: Tagged<Value> became Value, and Value
became UntaggedValue.
This change clarifies the intent of the code in many places, but it does
make it a big change.
The original purpose of this PR was to modernize the external parser to
use the new Shape system.
This commit does include some of that change, but a more important
aspect of this change is an improvement to the expansion trace.
Previous commit 6a7c00ea adding trace infrastructure to the syntax coloring
feature. This commit adds tracing to the expander.
The bulk of that work, in addition to the tree builder logic, was an
overhaul of the formatter traits to make them more general purpose, and
more structured.
Some highlights:
- `ToDebug` was split into two traits (`ToDebug` and `DebugFormat`)
because implementations needed to become objects, but a convenience
method on `ToDebug` didn't qualify
- `DebugFormat`'s `fmt_debug` method now takes a `DebugFormatter` rather
than a standard formatter, and `DebugFormatter` has a new (but still
limited) facility for structured formatting.
- Implementations of `ExpandSyntax` need to produce output that
implements `DebugFormat`.
Unlike the highlighter changes, these changes are fairly focused in the
trace output, so these changes aren't behind a flag.
* Moves off of draining between filters. Instead, the sink will pull on the stream, and will drain element-wise. This moves the whole stream to being lazy.
* Adds ctrl-c support and connects it into some of the key points where we pull on the stream. If a ctrl-c is detect, we immediately halt pulling on the stream and return to the prompt.
* Moves away from having a SourceMap where anchor locations are stored. Now AnchorLocation is kept directly in the Tag.
* To make this possible, split tag and span. Span is largely used in the parser and is copyable. Tag is now no longer copyable.
This commit replaces the previous naive coloring system with a coloring
system that is more aligned with the parser.
The main benefit of this change is that it allows us to use parsing
rules to decide how to color tokens.
For example, consider the following syntax:
```
$ ps | where cpu > 10
```
Ideally, we could color `cpu` like a column name and not a string,
because `cpu > 10` is a shorthand block syntax that expands to
`{ $it.cpu > 10 }`.
The way that we know that it's a shorthand block is that the `where`
command declares that its first parameter is a `SyntaxShape::Block`,
which allows the shorthand block form.
In order to accomplish this, we need to color the tokens in a way that
corresponds to their expanded semantics, which means that high-fidelity
coloring requires expansion.
This commit adds a `ColorSyntax` trait that corresponds to the
`ExpandExpression` trait. The semantics are fairly similar, with a few
differences.
First `ExpandExpression` consumes N tokens and returns a single
`hir::Expression`. `ColorSyntax` consumes N tokens and writes M
`FlatShape` tokens to the output.
Concretely, for syntax like `[1 2 3]`
- `ExpandExpression` takes a single token node and produces a single
`hir::Expression`
- `ColorSyntax` takes the same token node and emits 7 `FlatShape`s
(open delimiter, int, whitespace, int, whitespace, int, close
delimiter)
Second, `ColorSyntax` is more willing to plow through failures than
`ExpandExpression`.
In particular, consider syntax like
```
$ ps | where cpu >
```
In this case
- `ExpandExpression` will see that the `where` command is expecting a
block, see that it's not a literal block and try to parse it as a
shorthand block. It will successfully find a member followed by an
infix operator, but not a following expression. That means that the
entire pipeline part fails to parse and is a syntax error.
- `ColorSyntax` will also try to parse it as a shorthand block and
ultimately fail, but it will fall back to "backoff coloring mode",
which parsing any unidentified tokens in an unfallible, simple way. In
this case, `cpu` will color as a string and `>` will color as an
operator.
Finally, it's very important that coloring a pipeline infallibly colors
the entire string, doesn't fail, and doesn't get stuck in an infinite
loop.
In order to accomplish this, this PR separates `ColorSyntax`, which is
infallible from `FallibleColorSyntax`, which might fail. This allows the
type system to let us know if our coloring rules bottom out at at an
infallible rule.
It's not perfect: it's still possible for the coloring process to get
stuck or consume tokens non-atomically. I intend to reduce the
opportunity for those problems in a future commit. In the meantime, the
current system catches a number of mistakes (like trying to use a
fallible coloring rule in a loop without thinking about the possibility
that it will never terminate).
The main thrust of this (very large) commit is an overhaul of the
expansion system.
The parsing pipeline is:
- Lightly parse the source file for atoms, basic delimiters and pipeline
structure into a token tree
- Expand the token tree into a HIR (high-level intermediate
representation) based upon the baseline syntax rules for expressions
and the syntactic shape of commands.
Somewhat non-traditionally, nu doesn't have an AST at all. It goes
directly from the token tree, which doesn't represent many important
distinctions (like the difference between `hello` and `5KB`) directly
into a high-level representation that doesn't have a direct
correspondence to the source code.
At a high level, nu commands work like macros, in the sense that the
syntactic shape of the invocation of a command depends on the
definition of a command.
However, commands do not have the ability to perform unrestricted
expansions of the token tree. Instead, they describe their arguments in
terms of syntactic shapes, and the expander expands the token tree into
HIR based upon that definition.
For example, the `where` command says that it takes a block as its first
required argument, and the description of the block syntactic shape
expands the syntax `cpu > 10` into HIR that represents
`{ $it.cpu > 10 }`.
This commit overhauls that system so that the syntactic shapes are
described in terms of a few new traits (`ExpandSyntax` and
`ExpandExpression` are the primary ones) that are more composable than
the previous system.
The first big win of this new system is the addition of the `ColumnPath`
shape, which looks like `cpu."max ghz"` or `package.version`.
Previously, while a variable path could look like `$it.cpu."max ghz"`,
the tail of a variable path could not be easily reused in other
contexts. Now, that tail is its own syntactic shape, and it can be used
as part of a command's signature.
This cleans up commands like `inc`, `add` and `edit` as well as
shorthand blocks, which can now look like `| where cpu."max ghz" > 10`
Previously, there was a single parsing rule for "bare words" that
applied to both internal and external commands.
This meant that, because `cargo +nightly` needed to work, we needed to
add `+` as a valid character in bare words.
The number of characters continued to grow, and the situation was
becoming untenable. The current strategy would eventually eat up all
syntax and make it impossible to add syntax like `@foo` to internal
commands.
This patch significantly restricts bare words and introduces a new token
type (`ExternalWord`). An `ExternalWord` expands to an error in the
internal syntax, but expands to a bare word in the external syntax.
`ExternalWords` are highlighted in grey in the shell.
This commit migrates Value's numeric types to BigInt and BigDecimal. The
basic idea is that overflow errors aren't great in a shell environment,
and not really necessary.
The main immediate consequence is that new errors can occur when
serializing Nu values to other formats. You can see this in changes to
the various serialization formats (JSON, TOML, etc.). There's a new
`CoerceInto` trait that uses the `ToPrimitive` trait from `num_traits`
to attempt to coerce a `BigNum` or `BigDecimal` into a target type, and
produces a `RangeError` (kind of `ShellError`) if the coercion fails.
Another possible future consequence is that certain performance-critical
numeric operations might be too slow. If that happens, we can introduce
specialized numeric types to help improve the performance of those
situations, based on the real-world experience.
This commit is more substantial than it looks: there was basically no
real support for decimals before, and that impacted values all the way
through.
I also made Size contain a decimal instead of an integer (`1.6kb` is a
reasonable thing to type), which impacted a bunch of code.
The biggest impact of this commit is that it creates many more possible
ways for valid nu types to fail to serialize as toml, json, etc. which
typically can't support the full range of Decimal (or Bigint, which I
also think we should support). This commit makes to-toml fallible, and a
similar effort is necessary for the rest of the serializations.
We also need to figure out how to clearly communicate to users what has
happened, but failing to serialize to toml seems clearly superior to me
than weird errors in basic math operations.
This ended up being a bit of a yak shave. The basic idea in this commit is to
expand `~` in paths, but only in paths.
The way this is accomplished is by doing the expansion inside of the code that
parses literal syntax for `SyntaxType::Path`.
As a quick refresher: every command is entitled to expand its arguments in a
custom way. While this could in theory be used for general-purpose macros,
today the expansion facility is limited to syntactic hints.
For example, the syntax `where cpu > 0` expands under the hood to
`where { $it.cpu > 0 }`. This happens because the first argument to `where`
is defined as a `SyntaxType::Block`, and the parser coerces binary expressions
whose left-hand-side looks like a member into a block when the command is
expecting one.
This is mildly more magical than what most programming languages would do,
but we believe that it makes sense to allow commands to fine-tune the syntax
because of the domain nushell is in (command-line shells).
The syntactic expansions supported by this facility are relatively limited.
For example, we don't allow `$it` to become a bare word, simply because the
command asks for a string in the relevant position. That would quickly
become more confusing than it's worth.
This PR adds a new `SyntaxType` rule: `SyntaxType::Path`. When a command
declares a parameter as a `SyntaxType::Path`, string literals and bare
words passed as an argument to that parameter are processed using the
path expansion rules. Right now, that only means that `~` is expanded into
the home directory, but additional rules are possible in the future.
By restricting this expansion to a syntactic expansion when passed as an
argument to a command expecting a path, we avoid making `~` a generally
reserved character. This will also allow us to give good tab completion
for paths with `~` characters in them when a command is expecting a path.
In order to accomplish the above, this commit changes the parsing functions
to take a `Context` instead of just a `CommandRegistry`. From the perspective
of macro expansion, you can think of the `CommandRegistry` as a dictionary
of in-scope macros, and the `Context` as the compile-time state used in
expansion. This could gain additional functionality over time as we find
more uses for the expansion system.
Remove a number of unwraps. In some cases, a `?` just worked as is. I also made it possible to use `?` to go from Result<OutputStream, ShellError> to OutputStream. Finally, started updating PerItemCommand to be able to use the signature deserialization logic, which substantially reduces unwraps.
This is still in-progress work, but tests pass and it should be clear to merge and keep iterating on master.
This commit makes it possible to force nu to treat a command as an external command by prefixing it with `^`. For example `^dir` will force `dir` to run an external command, even if `dir` is also a registered nu command.
This ensures that users don't need to leave nu just because we happened to use a command they need.
This commit adds a new token type for external commands, which, among other things, makes it pretty straight forward to syntax highlight external commands uniquely, and generally to treat them as special.
