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convert a string to a raw binary string of 0s and 1s (#9534)

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# Description

This PR converts a string into a raw binary represented by a string of
0s and 1s padded to 8 digits with zeros.

This is useful for encoding data.

![image](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/assets/343840/66864c79-3da1-4007-a62b-306ed85f4df4)

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This commit is contained in:
Darren Schroeder 2023-06-28 13:04:07 -05:00 committed by GitHub
parent d80abb20a4
commit 3fd92b6437
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GPG key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
4 changed files with 306 additions and 17 deletions
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273
crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/into.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
use nu_cmd_base::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
use nu_engine::CallExt;
use nu_protocol::{
ast::{Call, CellPath},
engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
Type, Value,
};
use num_traits::ToPrimitive;
pub struct Arguments {
cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
}
impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
self.cell_paths.take()
}
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct BitsInto;
impl Command for BitsInto {
fn name(&self) -> &str {
"into bits"
}
fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
Signature::build("into bits")
.input_output_types(vec![
(Type::Binary, Type::String),
(Type::Int, Type::String),
(Type::Filesize, Type::String),
(Type::Duration, Type::String),
(Type::String, Type::String),
(Type::Bool, Type::String),
(Type::Date, Type::String),
])
.allow_variants_without_examples(true) // TODO: supply exhaustive examples
.rest(
"rest",
SyntaxShape::CellPath,
"for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
)
.category(Category::Conversions)
}
fn usage(&self) -> &str {
"Convert value to a binary primitive."
}
fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
vec!["convert", "cast"]
}
fn run(
&self,
engine_state: &EngineState,
stack: &mut Stack,
call: &Call,
input: PipelineData,
) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
into_bits(engine_state, stack, call, input)
}
fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
vec![
Example {
description: "convert a binary value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
example: "01b | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "00000001".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
Example {
description: "convert an int into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
example: "1 | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "00000001".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
Example {
description: "convert a filesize value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
example: "1b | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "00000001".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
Example {
description: "convert a duration value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
example: "1ns | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "00000001".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
Example {
description: "convert a boolean value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
example: "true | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "00000001".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
Example {
description: "convert a datetime value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
example: "2023-04-17T01:02:03 | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "01001101 01101111 01101110 00100000 01000001 01110000 01110010 00100000 00110001 00110111 00100000 00110000 00110001 00111010 00110000 00110010 00111010 00110000 00110011 00100000 00110010 00110000 00110010 00110011".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
Example {
description: "convert a string into a raw binary string, padded with 0s to 8 places",
example: "'nushell.sh' | into bits",
result: Some(Value::String {
val: "01101110 01110101 01110011 01101000 01100101 01101100 01101100 00101110 01110011 01101000".to_string(),
span: Span::test_data(),
}),
},
]
}
}
fn into_bits(
engine_state: &EngineState,
stack: &mut Stack,
call: &Call,
input: PipelineData,
) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
let head = call.head;
let cell_paths = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
match input {
PipelineData::ExternalStream { stdout: None, .. } => Ok(Value::Binary {
val: vec![],
span: head,
}
.into_pipeline_data()),
PipelineData::ExternalStream {
stdout: Some(stream),
..
} => {
// TODO: in the future, we may want this to stream out, converting each to bytes
let output = stream.into_bytes()?;
Ok(Value::Binary {
val: output.item,
span: head,
}
.into_pipeline_data())
}
_ => {
let args = Arguments { cell_paths };
operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
}
}
}
fn convert_to_smallest_number_type(num: i64, span: Span) -> Value {
if let Some(v) = num.to_i8() {
let bytes = v.to_ne_bytes();
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in bytes {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
} else if let Some(v) = num.to_i16() {
let bytes = v.to_ne_bytes();
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in bytes {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
} else if let Some(v) = num.to_i32() {
let bytes = v.to_ne_bytes();
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in bytes {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
} else {
let bytes = num.to_ne_bytes();
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in bytes {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
}
}
pub fn action(input: &Value, _args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
match input {
Value::Binary { val, .. } => {
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in val {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
}
Value::Int { val, .. } => convert_to_smallest_number_type(*val, span),
Value::Filesize { val, .. } => convert_to_smallest_number_type(*val, span),
Value::Duration { val, .. } => convert_to_smallest_number_type(*val, span),
Value::String { val, .. } => {
let raw_bytes = val.as_bytes();
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in raw_bytes {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
}
Value::Bool { val, .. } => {
let v = <i64 as From<bool>>::from(*val);
convert_to_smallest_number_type(v, span)
}
Value::Date { val, .. } => {
let value = val.format("%c").to_string();
let bytes = value.as_bytes();
let mut raw_string = "".to_string();
for ch in bytes {
raw_string.push_str(&format!("{:08b} ", ch));
}
Value::String {
val: raw_string.trim().to_string(),
span,
}
}
// Propagate errors by explicitly matching them before the final case.
Value::Error { .. } => input.clone(),
other => Value::Error {
error: Box::new(ShellError::OnlySupportsThisInputType {
exp_input_type: "integer, filesize, string, date, duration, binary or bool".into(),
wrong_type: other.get_type().to_string(),
dst_span: span,
src_span: other.expect_span(),
}),
},
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_examples() {
use crate::test_examples;
test_examples(BitsInto {})
}
}

2
crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/mod.rs
View file

@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
mod and;
mod bits_;
mod into;
mod not;
mod or;
mod rotate_left;
@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ mod xor;
pub use and::BitsAnd;
pub use bits_::Bits;
pub use into::BitsInto;
pub use not::BitsNot;
pub use or::BitsOr;
pub use rotate_left::BitsRol;

27
crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/mod.rs
View file

@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
mod bits;
mod bytes;
pub use bits::Bits;
pub use bits::BitsAnd;
pub use bits::BitsNot;
pub use bits::BitsOr;
pub use bits::BitsRol;
pub use bits::BitsRor;
pub use bits::BitsShl;
pub use bits::BitsShr;
pub use bits::BitsXor;
pub use bytes::Bytes;
pub use bytes::BytesAdd;
pub use bytes::BytesAt;
@ -24,6 +14,17 @@ pub use bytes::BytesReplace;
pub use bytes::BytesReverse;
pub use bytes::BytesStartsWith;
pub use bits::Bits;
pub use bits::BitsAnd;
pub use bits::BitsInto;
pub use bits::BitsNot;
pub use bits::BitsOr;
pub use bits::BitsRol;
pub use bits::BitsRor;
pub use bits::BitsShl;
pub use bits::BitsShr;
pub use bits::BitsXor;
use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, StateWorkingSet};
pub fn add_extra_command_context(mut engine_state: EngineState) -> EngineState {
@ -39,16 +40,18 @@ pub fn add_extra_command_context(mut engine_state: EngineState) -> EngineState {
};
}
// Bits
bind_command! {
Bits,
BitsAnd,
BitsInto,
BitsNot,
BitsOr,
BitsXor,
BitsRol,
BitsRor,
BitsShl,
BitsShr
BitsShr,
BitsXor
}
// Bytes

21
crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/binary.rs
View file

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
use nu_cmd_base::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
use nu_cmd_base::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
use nu_engine::CallExt;
use nu_protocol::{
ast::{Call, CellPath},
@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ use nu_protocol::{
Type, Value,
};
pub struct Arguments {
cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
}
impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
self.cell_paths.take()
}
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct SubCommand;
@ -111,7 +121,8 @@ fn into_binary(
input: PipelineData,
) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
let head = call.head;
let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
let cell_paths = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
match input {
PipelineData::ExternalStream { stdout: None, .. } => Ok(Value::Binary {
@ -132,8 +143,8 @@ fn into_binary(
.into_pipeline_data())
}
_ => {
let arg = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
operate(action, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
let args = Arguments { cell_paths };
operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
}
}
}
@ -154,7 +165,7 @@ fn float_to_endian(n: f64) -> Vec<u8> {
}
}
pub fn action(input: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
pub fn action(input: &Value, _args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
match input {
Value::Binary { .. } => input.clone(),
Value::Int { val, .. } => Value::Binary {