diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/base64_.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/base64_.rs
index 74e8bf1331..d0feeeaca5 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/base64_.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/base64_.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,11 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
 use nu_protocol::ShellTypeName;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ColumnPath, Primitive, ReturnSuccess, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{ColumnPath, Primitive, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value};
 use nu_source::{Tag, Tagged};
 
 use base64::{decode_config, encode_config};
 
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct Arguments {
-    pub rest: Vec<ColumnPath>,
-    pub character_set: Option<Tagged<String>>,
-    pub encode: Tagged<bool>,
-    pub decode: Tagged<bool>,
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Base64Config {
     pub character_set: String,
@@ -46,13 +36,13 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
                 Some('c'),
             )
             .switch(
-                "encode", 
-                "encode the input as base64. This is the default behavior if not specified.", 
+                "encode",
+                "encode the input as base64. This is the default behavior if not specified.",
                 Some('e')
             )
             .switch(
-                "decode", 
-                "decode the input from base64", 
+                "decode",
+                "decode the input from base64",
                 Some('d'))
             .rest(
                 SyntaxShape::ColumnPath,
@@ -64,7 +54,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "base64 encode or decode a value"
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         operate(args)
     }
 
@@ -95,29 +85,25 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
     let name_tag = args.call_info.name_tag.clone();
+    let args = args.evaluate_once()?;
 
-    let (
-        Arguments {
-            encode,
-            decode,
-            character_set,
-            rest,
-        },
-        input,
-    ) = args.process()?;
+    let encode = args.has_flag("encode");
+    let decode = args.has_flag("decode");
+    let character_set: Option<Tagged<String>> = args.get_flag("character_set")?;
+    let column_paths: Vec<ColumnPath> = args.rest(0)?;
 
-    if encode.item && decode.item {
-        return Ok(ActionStream::one(Err(ShellError::labeled_error(
+    if encode && decode {
+        return Err(ShellError::labeled_error(
             "only one of --decode and --encode flags can be used",
             "conflicting flags",
             name_tag,
-        ))));
+        ));
     }
 
     // Default the action to be encoding if no flags are specified.
-    let action_type = if *decode.item() {
+    let action_type = if decode {
         ActionType::Decode
     } else {
         ActionType::Encode
@@ -134,12 +120,11 @@ fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
         action_type,
     };
 
-    let column_paths: Vec<_> = rest;
-
-    Ok(input
+    Ok(args
+        .input
         .map(move |v| {
             if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                ReturnSuccess::value(action(&v, &encoding_config, v.tag())?)
+                action(&v, &encoding_config, v.tag())
             } else {
                 let mut ret = v;
 
@@ -151,10 +136,10 @@ fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
                     )?;
                 }
 
-                ReturnSuccess::value(ret)
+                Ok(ret)
             }
         })
-        .to_action_stream())
+        .to_input_stream())
 }
 
 fn action(
@@ -182,7 +167,7 @@ fn action(
                 return Err(ShellError::labeled_error(
                     "value is not an accepted character set",
                     format!(
-                        "{} is not a valid character-set.\nPlease use `help hash base64` to see a list of valid character sets.", 
+                        "{} is not a valid character-set.\nPlease use `help hash base64` to see a list of valid character sets.",
                         &base64_config.character_set
                     ),
                     tag.into().span,
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/command.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/command.rs
index b5c8091c16..0709b8113e 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/command.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/command.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
-use nu_protocol::{ReturnSuccess, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue};
+use nu_protocol::{Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue};
 
 pub struct Command;
 
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for Command {
         "Apply hash function."
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-        Ok(ActionStream::one(ReturnSuccess::value(
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+        Ok(OutputStream::one(
             UntaggedValue::string(get_full_help(&Command, args.scope())).into_value(Tag::unknown()),
-        )))
+        ))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/md5_.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/md5_.rs
index 1f9cfce07a..e3eab879dc 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/md5_.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/hash_/md5_.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,9 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
 use nu_protocol::ShellTypeName;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ColumnPath, Primitive, ReturnSuccess, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{ColumnPath, Primitive, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value};
 use nu_source::Tag;
 
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct Arguments {
-    pub rest: Vec<ColumnPath>,
-}
-
 pub struct SubCommand;
 
 impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
@@ -30,7 +23,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "md5 encode a value"
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         operate(args)
     }
 
@@ -56,15 +49,15 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-    let (Arguments { rest }, input) = args.process()?;
+fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+    let args = args.evaluate_once()?;
+    let column_paths: Vec<ColumnPath> = args.rest(0)?;
 
-    let column_paths: Vec<_> = rest;
-
-    Ok(input
+    Ok(args
+        .input
         .map(move |v| {
             if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                ReturnSuccess::value(action(&v, v.tag())?)
+                action(&v, v.tag())
             } else {
                 let mut ret = v;
 
@@ -75,10 +68,10 @@ fn operate(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
                     )?;
                 }
 
-                ReturnSuccess::value(ret)
+                Ok(ret)
             }
         })
-        .to_action_stream())
+        .to_input_stream())
 }
 
 fn action(input: &Value, tag: impl Into<Tag>) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/binary.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/binary.rs
index 66512fb99f..00c14fcd27 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/binary.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/binary.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ColumnPath, Primitive, ReturnSuccess, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{ColumnPath, Primitive, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value};
 use num_bigint::{BigInt, ToBigInt};
 
 pub struct SubCommand;
 
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct Arguments {
-    pub rest: Vec<ColumnPath>,
-    pub skip: Option<Value>,
-    pub bytes: Option<Value>,
-}
-
 impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         "into binary"
@@ -44,7 +35,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "Convert value to a binary primitive"
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         into_binary(args)
     }
 
@@ -121,20 +112,17 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn into_binary(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-    let (
-        Arguments {
-            rest: column_paths,
-            skip,
-            bytes,
-        },
-        input,
-    ) = args.process()?;
+fn into_binary(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+    let args = args.evaluate_once()?;
+    let skip: Option<Value> = args.get_flag("skip")?;
+    let bytes: Option<Value> = args.get_flag("bytes")?;
+    let column_paths: Vec<ColumnPath> = args.rest(0)?;
 
-    Ok(input
+    Ok(args
+        .input
         .map(move |v| {
             if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                ReturnSuccess::value(action(&v, v.tag(), &skip, &bytes)?)
+                action(&v, v.tag(), &skip, &bytes)
             } else {
                 let mut ret = v;
                 for path in &column_paths {
@@ -146,10 +134,10 @@ fn into_binary(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
                     )?;
                 }
 
-                ReturnSuccess::value(ret)
+                Ok(ret)
             }
         })
-        .to_action_stream())
+        .to_input_stream())
 }
 
 fn int_to_endian(n: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/command.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/command.rs
index 4e90f0878f..3ae2ff8972 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/command.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/command.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
-use nu_protocol::{ReturnSuccess, Signature, UntaggedValue};
+use nu_protocol::{Signature, UntaggedValue};
 
 pub struct Command;
 
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for Command {
         "Apply into function."
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-        Ok(ActionStream::one(ReturnSuccess::value(
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+        Ok(OutputStream::one(
             UntaggedValue::string(get_full_help(&Command, args.scope())).into_value(Tag::unknown()),
-        )))
+        ))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/int.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/int.rs
index 28aded4649..7a4c10f2f8 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/int.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/int.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ColumnPath, Primitive, ReturnSuccess, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{ColumnPath, Primitive, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value};
 use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
 
 pub struct SubCommand;
 
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct Arguments {
-    pub rest: Vec<ColumnPath>,
-}
-
 impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         "into int"
@@ -29,7 +22,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "Convert value to integer"
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         into_int(args)
     }
 
@@ -85,13 +78,15 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn into_int(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-    let (Arguments { rest: column_paths }, input) = args.process()?;
+fn into_int(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+    let args = args.evaluate_once()?;
+    let column_paths: Vec<ColumnPath> = args.rest(0)?;
 
-    Ok(input
+    Ok(args
+        .input
         .map(move |v| {
             if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                ReturnSuccess::value(action(&v, v.tag())?)
+                action(&v, v.tag())
             } else {
                 let mut ret = v;
                 for path in &column_paths {
@@ -101,10 +96,10 @@ fn into_int(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
                     )?;
                 }
 
-                ReturnSuccess::value(ret)
+                Ok(ret)
             }
         })
-        .to_action_stream())
+        .to_input_stream())
 }
 
 pub fn action(input: &Value, tag: impl Into<Tag>) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/string.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/string.rs
index aa7032bc39..0b1ca9ae5f 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/string.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/into/string.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use nu_engine::WholeStreamCommand;
 use nu_errors::ShellError;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ColumnPath, Primitive, ReturnSuccess, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{ColumnPath, Primitive, Signature, SyntaxShape, UntaggedValue, Value};
 use nu_source::Tagged;
 use num_bigint::{BigInt, BigUint, ToBigInt};
 // TODO num_format::SystemLocale once platform-specific dependencies are stable (see Cargo.toml)
@@ -14,13 +12,6 @@ use std::iter;
 
 pub struct SubCommand;
 
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct Arguments {
-    decimals: Option<Tagged<u64>>,
-    group_digits: bool,
-    column_paths: Vec<ColumnPath>,
-}
-
 impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         "into string"
@@ -44,7 +35,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "Convert value to string"
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         into_string(args)
     }
 
@@ -89,35 +80,33 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn into_string(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-    let (options, input) = args.extract(|params| {
-        Ok(Arguments {
-            decimals: params.get_flag("decimals")?,
-            group_digits: false,
-            column_paths: params.rest_args()?,
-        })
-    })?;
+fn into_string(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+    let args = args.evaluate_once()?;
 
-    let digits = options.decimals.as_ref().map(|tagged| tagged.item);
-    let group_digits = options.group_digits;
+    let decimals: Option<Tagged<u64>> = args.get_flag("decimals")?;
+    let column_paths: Vec<ColumnPath> = args.rest(0)?;
 
-    Ok(input
+    let digits = decimals.as_ref().map(|tagged| tagged.item);
+    let group_digits = false;
+
+    Ok(args
+        .input
         .map(move |v| {
-            if options.column_paths.is_empty() {
-                ReturnSuccess::value(action(&v, v.tag(), digits, group_digits)?)
+            if column_paths.is_empty() {
+                action(&v, v.tag(), digits, group_digits)
             } else {
                 let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &options.column_paths {
+                for path in &column_paths {
                     ret = ret.swap_data_by_column_path(
                         path,
                         Box::new(move |old| action(old, old.tag(), digits, group_digits)),
                     )?;
                 }
 
-                ReturnSuccess::value(ret)
+                Ok(ret)
             }
         })
-        .to_action_stream())
+        .to_input_stream())
 }
 
 pub fn action(
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/command.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/command.rs
index 06b356f94c..b78a327aea 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/command.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/command.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,6 @@ use nu_source::Tagged;
 
 pub struct Command;
 
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct Arguments {
-    rows: Option<Tagged<usize>>,
-}
-
 impl WholeStreamCommand for Command {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         "keep"
@@ -28,7 +23,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for Command {
         "Keep the number of rows only."
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         keep(args)
     }
 
@@ -53,15 +48,17 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for Command {
     }
 }
 
-fn keep(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
-    let (Arguments { rows }, input) = args.process()?;
+fn keep(args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
+    let args = args.evaluate_once()?;
+    let rows: Option<Tagged<usize>> = args.opt(0)?;
+
     let rows_desired = if let Some(quantity) = rows {
         *quantity
     } else {
         1
     };
 
-    Ok(input.take(rows_desired).to_action_stream())
+    Ok(args.input.take(rows_desired).to_output_stream())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/until.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/until.rs
index 9313e9532c..a9b4caec08 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/until.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/until.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "Keeps rows until the condition matches."
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         let ctx = Arc::new(EvaluationContext::from_args(&args));
 
         let call_info = args.evaluate_once()?;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
 
                 !matches!(result, Ok(ref v) if v.is_true())
             })
-            .to_action_stream())
+            .to_output_stream())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/while_.rs b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/while_.rs
index 0688e0d551..5c1150bcdd 100644
--- a/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/while_.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-command/src/commands/keep/while_.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
         "Keeps rows while the condition matches."
     }
 
-    fn run_with_actions(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<ActionStream, ShellError> {
+    fn run(&self, args: CommandArgs) -> Result<OutputStream, ShellError> {
         let ctx = Arc::new(EvaluationContext::from_args(&args));
         let call_info = args.evaluate_once()?;
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl WholeStreamCommand for SubCommand {
 
                 matches!(result, Ok(ref v) if v.is_true())
             })
-            .to_action_stream())
+            .to_output_stream())
     }
 }