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https://github.com/ryan4yin/nixos-and-flakes-book
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feat: nix develop
This commit is contained in:
Ryan Yin
parent
e1c0e3d815
commit
8598bb3361
2 changed files with 102 additions and 90 deletions
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@ -121,21 +121,13 @@ Here is a `flake.nix` that defines a development environment with Node.js 18 ins
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devShells."${system}".default = let
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pkgs = import nixpkgs {
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inherit system;
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overlays = [
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(self: super: rec {
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nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
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pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
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yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
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})
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];
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};
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in pkgs.mkShell {
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# create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
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# create an environment with nodejs_18, pnpm, and yarn
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packages = with pkgs; [
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node2nix
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nodejs
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pnpm
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yarn
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nodejs_18
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nodePackages.pnpm
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(yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
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];
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shellHook = ''
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@ -172,21 +164,13 @@ Here is an example:
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devShells."${system}".default = let
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pkgs = import nixpkgs {
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inherit system;
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overlays = [
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(self: super: rec {
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nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
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pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
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yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
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})
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];
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};
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in pkgs.mkShell {
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# create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
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# create an environment with nodejs_18, pnpm, and yarn
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packages = with pkgs; [
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node2nix
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nodejs
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pnpm
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yarn
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nodejs_18
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nodePackages.pnpm
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(yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
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nushell
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];
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@ -228,16 +212,10 @@ Example:
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packages."${system}".dev = let
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pkgs = import nixpkgs {
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inherit system;
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overlays = [
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(self: super: rec {
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nodejs = super.nodejs_20;
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pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
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})
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];
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};
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packages = with pkgs; [
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nodejs
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pnpm
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nodejs_20
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nodePackages.pnpm
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nushell
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];
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in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
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@ -256,6 +234,37 @@ Example:
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Then execute `nix run .#dev`, you will enter a nushell session, where you can use the `node` `pnpm` command normally, and the node version is 20.
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The wrapper generated in this way is an executable file, which does not actually depend on the `nix run` or `nix shell` command.
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For example, we can directly install this wrapper through NixOS's `environment.systemPackages`, and then execute it directly:
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```nix
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{pkgs, lib, ...}{
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environment.systemPackages = [
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# Install the wrapper into the system
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(let
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packages = with pkgs; [
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nodejs_20
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nodePackages.pnpm
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nushell
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];
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in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
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# Dependencies that should exist in the runtime environment
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buildInputs = packages;
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# Dependencies that should only exist in the build environment
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nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.makeWrapper ];
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} ''
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mkdir -p $out/bin/
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ln -s ${pkgs.nushell}/bin/nu $out/bin/dev-shell
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wrapProgram $out/bin/dev-shell --prefix PATH : ${pkgs.lib.makeBinPath packages}
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'';)
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];
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}
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```
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Add the above configuration to any NixOS Module, then deploy it with `sudo nixos-rebuild switch`, and you can enter the development environment directly with the `dev-shell` command, which is the special feature of `pkgs.runCommand` compared to `pkgs.mkShell`.
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Related source code:
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- [pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix - runCommand](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-23.11/pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix#L21-L49)
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@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
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在本章中我们先学习一下 Nix Flakes 开发环境的实现原理，后面的章节再按使用场景介绍一些更具体的内容。
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## 通过 `nix shell` 创建开发环境
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在 NixOS 上，最简单的创建开发环境的方法是使用 `nix shell`，它会创建一个含有指定 Nix 包的 shell 环境。
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@ -127,21 +126,13 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
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devShells."${system}".default = let
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pkgs = import nixpkgs {
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inherit system;
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overlays = [
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(self: super: rec {
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nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
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pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
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yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
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})
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];
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};
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in pkgs.mkShell {
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# create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
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packages = with pkgs; [
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node2nix
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nodejs
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pnpm
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yarn
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nodejs_18
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nodePackages.pnpm
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(yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
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];
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shellHook = ''
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@ -154,7 +145,6 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
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建个空文件夹，将上面的配置保存为 `flake.nix`，然后执行 `nix develop`（或者更精确点，可以用 `nix develop .#default`），首先会打印出当前 nodejs 的版本，之后 `node` `pnpm` `yarn` 等命令就都能正常使用了。
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## 在开发环境中使用 zsh/fish 等其他 shell
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`pkgs.mkShell` 默认使用 `bash`，但是你也可以通过在 `shellHook` 中添加 `exec <your-shell>` 来使用 `zsh` 或者 `fish` 等其他 shell。
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@ -177,21 +167,13 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
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devShells."${system}".default = let
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pkgs = import nixpkgs {
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inherit system;
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overlays = [
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(self: super: rec {
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nodejs = super.nodejs-18_x;
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pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
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yarn = (super.yarn.override { inherit nodejs; });
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})
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];
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};
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in pkgs.mkShell {
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# create an environment with nodejs-18_x, pnpm, and yarn
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# create an environment with nodejs_18, pnpm, and yarn
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packages = with pkgs; [
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node2nix
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nodejs
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pnpm
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yarn
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nodejs_18
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nodePackages.pnpm
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(yarn.override { nodejs = nodejs_18; })
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nushell
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];
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@ -232,16 +214,10 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
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packages."${system}".dev = let
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pkgs = import nixpkgs {
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inherit system;
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overlays = [
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(self: super: rec {
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nodejs = super.nodejs_20;
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pnpm = super.nodePackages.pnpm;
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})
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];
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};
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packages = with pkgs; [
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nodejs
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pnpm
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nodejs_20
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nodePackages.pnpm
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nushell
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];
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in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
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@ -258,14 +234,42 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation ({
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}
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```
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然后执行 `nix run .#dev`，就能进入一个 nushell session，可以在其中正常使用 `node` `pnpm` 命令，且 node 版本为 20.
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然后执行 `nix run .#dev`，就能进入一个 nushell session，可以在其中正常使用 `node` `pnpm` 命令.
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这种方式生成的 wrapper 是一个可执行文件，它实际不依赖 `nix run` 命令，比如说我们可以直接通过 NixOS 的 `environment.systemPackages` 来安装这个 wrapper，然后直接执行它：
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```nix
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{pkgs, lib, ...}{
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environment.systemPackages = [
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# 将 dev-shell 安装到系统环境中
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(let
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packages = with pkgs; [
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nodejs_20
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nodePackages.pnpm
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nushell
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];
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in pkgs.runCommand "dev-shell" {
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# Dependencies that should exist in the runtime environment
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buildInputs = packages;
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# Dependencies that should only exist in the build environment
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nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.makeWrapper ];
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} ''
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mkdir -p $out/bin/
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ln -s ${pkgs.nushell}/bin/nu $out/bin/dev-shell
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wrapProgram $out/bin/dev-shell --prefix PATH : ${pkgs.lib.makeBinPath packages}
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'';)
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];
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}
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```
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将上述配置添加到任一 NixOS Module 中，再通过 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` 部署后，就能直接通过 `dev-shell` 命令进入到该开发环境，这就是 `pkgs.runCommand` 相比 `pkgs.mkShell` 的特别之处。
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相关源代码：
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- [pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix - runCommand](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-23.11/pkgs/build-support/trivial-builders/default.nix#L21-L49)
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- [pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/make-wrapper.sh](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-23.11/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/make-wrapper.sh)
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## 进入任何 Nix 包的构建环境
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现在再来看看 `nix develop`，先读下 `nix develop --help` 输出的帮助文档：
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@ -405,37 +409,36 @@ Hello, world!
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nix build "nixpkgs#ponysay"
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# 使用构建出来的 ponysay 命令
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› ./result/bin/ponysay 'hey buddy!'
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____________
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____________
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< hey buddy! >
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------------
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\
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\
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\
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▄▄ ▄▄ ▄ ▄
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▀▄▄▄█▄▄▄▄▄█▄▄▄
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▀▄███▄▄██▄██▄▄██
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▄██▄███▄▄██▄▄▄█▄██
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█▄█▄██▄█████████▄██
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▄▄█▄█▄▄▄▄▄████████
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▀▀▀▄█▄█▄█▄▄▄▄▄█████ ▄ ▄
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▀▄████▄▄▄█▄█▄▄██ ▄▄▄▄▄█▄▄▄
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█▄██▄▄▄▄███▄▄▄██ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█▄▄
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▀▄▄██████▄▄▄████ █████████████
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▀▀▀▀▀█████▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄██▄█▄▄▀
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██▄███▄▄▄▄█▄▄▀ ███▄█▄▄▄█▀
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█▄██▄▄▄▄▄████ ███████▄██
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█▄███▄▄█████ ▀███▄█████▄
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██████▀▄▄▄█▄█ █▄██▄▄█▄█▄
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███████ ███████ ▀████▄████
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------------
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\
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\
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\
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▄▄ ▄▄ ▄ ▄
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▀▄███▄▄██▄██▄▄██
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▄██▄███▄▄██▄▄▄█▄██
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█▄█▄██▄█████████▄██
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▄▄█▄█▄▄▄▄▄████████
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▀▀▀▄█▄█▄█▄▄▄▄▄█████ ▄ ▄
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▀▄████▄▄▄█▄█▄▄██ ▄▄▄▄▄█▄▄▄
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█▄██▄▄▄▄███▄▄▄██ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█▄▄
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▀▄▄██████▄▄▄████ █████████████
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▀▀▀▀▀█████▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄██▄█▄▄▀
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██▄███▄▄▄▄█▄▄▀ ███▄█▄▄▄█▀
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█▄██▄▄▄▄▄████ ███████▄██
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█▄███▄▄█████ ▀███▄█████▄
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██████▀▄▄▄█▄█ █▄██▄▄█▄█▄
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███████ ███████ ▀████▄████
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▀▀█▄▄▄▀ ▀▀█▄▄▄▀ ▀██▄▄██▀█
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▀ ▀▀█
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▀ ▀▀█
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```
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## 其他命令
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其他还有些 `nix flake init` 之类的命令，请自行查阅 [New Nix Commands][New Nix Commands] 学习研究，这里就不详细介绍了。
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## References
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- [pkgs.mkShell - nixpkgs manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#sec-pkgs-mkShell)
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