mirror of
https://github.com/ryan4yin/nixos-and-flakes-book
synced 2024-11-27 06:20:29 +00:00
feat: polish
This commit is contained in:
Ryan Yin
parent
b8653668c3
commit
3b2aae967e
8 changed files with 57 additions and 34 deletions
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ When working with Flakes, you may encounter situations where you need to downgra
|
|||
|
||||
Here's an example of how you can add multiple nixpkgs inputs, each using a different git commit or branch:
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
```nix{8-13,19-20,27-44}
|
||||
{
|
||||
description = "NixOS configuration of Ryan Yin";
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -20,17 +20,28 @@ Here's an example of how you can add multiple nixpkgs inputs, each using a diffe
|
|||
nixpkgs-fd40cef8d.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/fd40cef8d797670e203a27a91e4b8e6decf0b90c";
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
outputs = inputs@{ self, nixpkgs, nixpkgs-stable, nixpkgs-fd40cef8d, ... }: {
|
||||
outputs = inputs@{
|
||||
self,
|
||||
nixpkgs,
|
||||
nixpkgs-stable,
|
||||
nixpkgs-fd40cef8d,
|
||||
...
|
||||
}: {
|
||||
nixosConfigurations = {
|
||||
nixos-test = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem rec {
|
||||
system = "x86_64-linux";
|
||||
|
||||
# The `specialArgs` parameter passes the non-default nixpkgs instances to other nix modules
|
||||
# The `specialArgs` parameter passes the
|
||||
# non-default nixpkgs instances to other nix modules
|
||||
specialArgs = {
|
||||
# To use packages from nixpkgs-stable, we configure some parameters for it first
|
||||
# To use packages from nixpkgs-stable,
|
||||
# we configure some parameters for it first
|
||||
pkgs-stable = import nixpkgs-stable {
|
||||
system = system; # Refer to the `system` parameter from the outer scope recursively
|
||||
# To use Chrome, we need to allow the installation of non-free software
|
||||
# Refer to the `system` parameter from
|
||||
# the outer scope recursively
|
||||
system = system;
|
||||
# To use Chrome, we need to allow the
|
||||
# installation of non-free softwares.
|
||||
config.allowUnfree = true;
|
||||
};
|
||||
pkgs-fd40cef8d = import nixpkgs-fd40cef8d {
|
||||
|
|
@ -54,11 +65,12 @@ In the above example, we have defined multiple nixpkgs inputs: `nixpkgs`, `nixpk
|
|||
|
||||
Next, you can refer to the packages from `pkgs-stable` or `pkgs-fd40cef8d` within your submodule. Here's an example of a Home Manager submodule:
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
```nix{4-7,13,25}
|
||||
{
|
||||
pkgs,
|
||||
config,
|
||||
# Nix will search for and inject this parameter from `specialArgs` in `flake.nix`
|
||||
# Nix will search for and inject this parameter
|
||||
# from `specialArgs` in `flake.nix`
|
||||
pkgs-stable,
|
||||
# pkgs-fd40cef8d,
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
|
@ -69,20 +81,20 @@ Next, you can refer to the packages from `pkgs-stable` or `pkgs-fd40cef8d` withi
|
|||
home.packages = with pkgs-stable; [
|
||||
firefox-wayland
|
||||
|
||||
# Chrome Wayland support was broken on the nixos-unstable branch, so we fallback to the stable branch for now
|
||||
# Chrome Wayland support was broken on the nixos-unstable branch,
|
||||
# so we fallback to the stable branch for now.
|
||||
# Reference: https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/7562
|
||||
google-chrome
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
programs.vscode = {
|
||||
enable
|
||||
|
||||
= true;
|
||||
package = pkgs-stable.vscode; # Refer to vscode from `pkgs-stable` instead of `pkgs`
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
# Refer to vscode from `pkgs-stable` instead of `pkgs`
|
||||
package = pkgs-stable.vscode;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
By adjusting the configuration as shown above, you can deploy it using `sudo nixos-rebuild switch`. This will downgrade your Firefox/Chrome/VSCode versions to the ones corresponding to `nixpkgs-stable` or `nixpkgs-fd40cef8d`.
|
||||
|
||||
> According to [1000 instances of nixpkgs](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/1000-instances-of-nixpkgs/17347), it's not a good practice to use `import` in submodules to customize `nixpkgs`. Each `import` creates a new instance of nixpkgs, which increases build time and memory usage as the configuration grows. To avoid this problem, we create all nixpkgs instances in `flake.nix`.
|
||||
> According to [1000 instances of nixpkgs](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/1000-instances-of-nixpkgs/17347), it's not a good practice to use `import` in submodules or subflakes to customize `nixpkgs`. Each `import` creates a new instance of nixpkgs, which increases build time and memory usage as the configuration grows. To avoid this problem, we create all nixpkgs instances in `flake.nix`.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The functions of these four files are:
|
|||
|
||||
By modifying these files, you can declaratively change the system and home directory status.
|
||||
|
||||
As the configuration increases, it becomes difficult to maintain the configuration by relying solely on `configuration.nix` and `home.nix`. Therefore, a better solution is to use the Nix module system to split the configuration into multiple modules and write them in a classified manner.
|
||||
However, as the configuration grows, relying solely on `configuration.nix` and `home.nix` can lead to bloated and difficult-to-maintain files. A better solution is to use the Nix module system to split the configuration into multiple Nix modules and write them in a classified manner.
|
||||
|
||||
The Nix module system provides a parameter, `imports`, which accepts a list of `.nix` files and merges all the configuration defined in these files into the current Nix module. Note that `imports` will not simply overwrite duplicate configuration but handle it more reasonably. For example, if `program.packages = [...]` is defined in multiple modules, then `imports` will merge all `program.packages` defined in all Nix modules into one list. Attribute sets can also be merged correctly. The specific behavior can be explored by yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ Another approach is to delete `/etc/nixos` directly and specify the configuratio
|
|||
sudo mv /etc/nixos /etc/nixos.bak
|
||||
cd ~/nixos-config
|
||||
|
||||
# `--flake .#nixos-test` deploys the flake.nix located in the current directory, and the nixosConfiguration's name is `nixos-test`
|
||||
# `--flake .#nixos-test` deploys the flake.nix located in
|
||||
# the current directory, and the nixosConfiguration's name is `nixos-test`
|
||||
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ Choose the method that suits you best. Afterward, system rollback becomes simple
|
|||
cd ~/nixos-config
|
||||
# Switch to the previous commit
|
||||
git checkout HEAD^1
|
||||
# Deploy the flake.nix located in the current directory, with the nixosConfiguration's name `nixos-test`
|
||||
# Deploy the flake.nix located in the current directory,
|
||||
# with the nixosConfiguration's name `nixos-test`
|
||||
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ To clean up historical versions and free up storage space, use the following com
|
|||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# Delete all historical versions older than 7 days
|
||||
sudo nix profile wipe-history --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system --older-than 7d
|
||||
sudo nix profile wipe-history --older-than 7d --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system
|
||||
|
||||
# Run garbage collection after wiping history
|
||||
sudo nix store gc --debug
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
NixOS 不遵循 FHS 标准，因此你从网上下载的二进制程序在 NixOS 上大概率是跑不了的。
|
||||
为了在 NixOS 上跑这些非 NixOS 的二进制程序，需要做一些骚操作。有位老兄在这里总结了 10 种实现此目的的方法：[Different methods to run a non-nixos executable on Nixos](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/522822/different-methods-to-run-a-non-nixos-executable-on-nixos)，推荐一读。
|
||||
此外如果你懒得自己折腾，只想实现需求，也可以直接看看这个傻瓜式工具 [nix-alien](https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-alien).
|
||||
|
||||
我个人用的比较多的方法是，直接创建一个 FHS 环境来运行二进制程序，这种方法非常方便易用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
为了实现上述需求，首先修改 `/etc/nixos/flake.nix`，示例内容如下（主要是利用 `specialArgs` 参数）：
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
```nix{8-13,19-20,27-44}
|
||||
{
|
||||
description = "NixOS configuration of Ryan Yin"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
|
|||
# 默认使用 nixos-unstable 分支
|
||||
nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
|
||||
|
||||
# 最新 stable 分支的 nixpkgs，用于回退个别软件包的版本，当前最新版本为 23.05
|
||||
# 最新 stable 分支的 nixpkgs，用于回退个别软件包的版本
|
||||
# 当前最新版本为 23.05
|
||||
nixpkgs-stable.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-23.05";
|
||||
|
||||
# 另外也可以使用 git commit hash 来锁定版本，这是最彻底的锁定方式
|
||||
|
|
@ -38,8 +39,10 @@
|
|||
# 这里我们直接在 flake.nix 中创建实例， 再传递到其他子 modules 中使用
|
||||
# 这样能有效重用 nixpkgs 实例，避免 nixpkgs 实例泛滥。
|
||||
pkgs-stable = import nixpkgs-stable {
|
||||
system = system; # 这里递归引用了外部的 system 属性
|
||||
# 为了拉取 chrome 等软件包，需要允许安装非自由软件
|
||||
# 这里递归引用了外部的 system 属性
|
||||
system = system;
|
||||
# 为了拉取 chrome 等软件包，
|
||||
# 这里我们需要允许安装非自由软件
|
||||
config.allowUnfree = true;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -61,10 +64,11 @@
|
|||
|
||||
然后在你对应的 module 中使用该数据源中的包，一个 Home Manager 的子模块示例：
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
```nix{4-7,13,25}
|
||||
{
|
||||
pkgs,
|
||||
config,
|
||||
|
||||
# nix 会从 flake.nix 的 specialArgs 查找并注入此参数
|
||||
pkgs-stable,
|
||||
# pkgs-fd40cef8d, # 也可以使用固定 hash 的 nixpkgs 数据源
|
||||
|
|
@ -72,22 +76,24 @@
|
|||
}:
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
# 这里从 pkg-stable 中引用包
|
||||
# # 这里从 pkg-stable 中引用包（而不是默认的 pkgs）
|
||||
home.packages = with pkgs-stable; [
|
||||
firefox-wayland
|
||||
|
||||
# chrome wayland support was broken on nixos-unstable branch, so fallback to stable branch for now
|
||||
# https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/7562
|
||||
# nixos-unstable 分支中的 Chrome Wayland 支持目前存在问题，
|
||||
# 因此这里我们将 google-chrome 回滚到 stable 分支，临时解决下 bug.
|
||||
# 相关 Issue: https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/7562
|
||||
google-chrome
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
programs.vscode = {
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
package = pkgs-stable.vscode; # 这里也一样，从 pkgs-stable 中引用包
|
||||
# 这里也一样，从 pkgs-stable 中引用包
|
||||
package = pkgs-stable.vscode;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
配置完成后，通过 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` 部署即可将 firefox/chrome/vscode 三个软件包回退到 stable 分支的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
> 根据 @fbewivpjsbsby 补充的文章 [1000 instances of nixpkgs](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/1000-instances-of-nixpkgs/17347)，在子模块中用 `import` 来定制 `nixpkgs` 不是一个好的习惯，因为每次 `import` 都会重新求值并产生一个新的 nixpkgs 实例，在配置越来越多时会导致构建时间变长、内存占用变大。所以这里改为了在 `flake.nix` 中创建所有 nixpkgs 实例。
|
||||
> 根据 @fbewivpjsbsby 补充的文章 [1000 instances of nixpkgs](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/1000-instances-of-nixpkgs/17347)，在子模块或者子 flakes 中用 `import` 来定制 `nixpkgs` 不是一个好的习惯，因为每次 `import` 都会重新求值并产生一个新的 nixpkgs 实例，在配置越来越多时会导致构建时间变长、内存占用变大。所以这里改为了在 `flake.nix` 中创建所有 nixpkgs 实例。
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ $ tree
|
|||
- 此配置文件的所有配置项，参见 [Appendix A. Configuration Options - Home Manager](https://nix-community.github.io/home-manager/options.html)
|
||||
|
||||
通过修改上面几个配置文件就可以实现对系统与 Home 目录状态的修改。
|
||||
但是随着配置的增多，单纯依靠 `configuration.nix` 跟 `home.nix` 会导致配置文件臃肿，难以维护，因此更好的解决方案是通过 Nix 的模块机制，将配置文件拆分成多个模块，分门别类地编写维护。
|
||||
但是随着配置的增多，单纯依靠 `configuration.nix` 跟 `home.nix` 会导致配置文件臃肿，难以维护。
|
||||
更好的解决方案是通过 Nix 的模块机制，将配置文件拆分成多个模块，分门别类地编写维护。
|
||||
|
||||
在前面的 Nix 语法一节有介绍过：「`import` 的参数如果为文件夹路径，那么会返回该文件夹下的 `default.nix` 文件的执行结果」，实际 Nix 还提供了一个 `imports` 参数，它可以接受一个 `.nix` 文件列表，并将该列表中的所有配置**合并**（Merge）到当前的 attribute set 中。注意这里的用词是「合并」，它表明 `imports` 如果遇到重复的配置项，不会简单地按执行顺序互相覆盖，而是更合理地处理。比如说我在多个 modules 中都定义了 `program.packages = [...]`，那么 `imports` 会将所有 modules 中的 `program.packages` 这个 list 合并。不仅 list 能被正确合并，attribute set 也能被正确合并，具体行为各位看官可以自行探索。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ sudo ln -s ~/nixos-config/ /etc/nixos
|
|||
sudo mv /etc/nixos /etc/nixos.bak # 备份原来的配置
|
||||
cd ~/nixos-config
|
||||
|
||||
# 通过 --flake .#nixos-test 参数，指定使用当前文件夹的 flake.nix，使用的 nixosConfiguraitons 名称为 nixos-test
|
||||
# 通过 --flake .#nixos-test 参数指定使用当前文件夹的 flake.nix，
|
||||
# 使用的 nixosConfiguraitons 名称为 nixos-test
|
||||
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nixos-test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ nix profile history --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system
|
|||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# 清理 7 天之前的所有历史版本
|
||||
sudo nix profile wipe-history --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system --older-than 7d
|
||||
sudo nix profile wipe-history --older-than 7d --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system
|
||||
# 清理历史版本并不会删除数据，还需要手动 gc 下
|
||||
sudo nix store gc --debug
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue