diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 22d7f622f..1001bbd9a 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -58,12 +58,10 @@ leptos_reactive = { path = "./leptos_reactive", version = "0.6.5" }
 leptos_router = { path = "./router", version = "0.6.5" }
 leptos_server = { path = "./leptos_server", version = "0.6.5" }
 leptos_meta = { path = "./meta", version = "0.6.5" }
-next_tuple = { path = "./next_tuple" }
 oco = { path = "./oco" }
 or_poisoned = { path = "./or_poisoned" }
 reactive_graph = { path = "./reactive_graph" }
 routing = { path = "./routing" }
-routing_utils = { path = "./routing_utils" }
 server_fn = { path = "./server_fn", version = "0.6.5" }
 server_fn_macro = { path = "./server_fn_macro", version = "0.6.5" }
 server_fn_macro_default = { path = "./server_fn/server_fn_macro_default", version = "0.6" }
diff --git a/examples/hackernews_islands_axum/src/lib.rs b/examples/hackernews_islands_axum/src/lib.rs
index ea9a7d8f7..b7a004773 100644
--- a/examples/hackernews_islands_axum/src/lib.rs
+++ b/examples/hackernews_islands_axum/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ pub fn App() -> impl IntoView {
         <Stylesheet id="leptos" href="/pkg/hackernews.css"/>
         <Link rel="shortcut icon" type_="image/ico" href="/favicon.ico"/>
         <Meta name="description" content="Leptos implementation of a HackerNews demo."/>
+        <Example/>
         <Router>
             <Nav />
             <main>
@@ -29,6 +30,48 @@ pub fn App() -> impl IntoView {
     }
 }
 
+use leptos::*;
+
+#[island]
+pub fn CommonIsland() -> impl IntoView {
+    let val = RwSignal::new(0);
+    view! {
+        <div>
+            {move || format!("CommonIsland value is {}", val.get())}
+            <button on:click=move|_| val.update(|x| {*x += 1})>Click</button>
+        </div>
+
+    }
+}
+
+#[island]
+pub fn OuterWorking(children: Children) -> impl IntoView {
+    let val = RwSignal::new(0);
+    view! {
+        <>
+            <div>
+                {move || format!("outer value is {}", val.get())}
+                <button on:click=move|_| val.update(|x| {*x += 1})>Click</button>
+            </div>
+            {children()}
+        </>
+
+    }
+}
+
+#[component]
+pub fn Example() -> impl IntoView {
+    view! {
+        <OuterFailing/>
+
+        <OuterWorking>
+            <CommonIsland/>
+        </OuterWorking>
+
+        <CommonIsland/>
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "hydrate")]
 #[wasm_bindgen::prelude::wasm_bindgen]
 pub fn hydrate() {
diff --git a/leptos/Cargo.toml b/leptos/Cargo.toml
index 514eda8ac..cedb39fe6 100644
--- a/leptos/Cargo.toml
+++ b/leptos/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ paste = "1"
 rand = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
 reactive_graph = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
 tachys = { workspace = true, features = ["reactive_graph"] }
+thiserror = "1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 typed-builder = "0.18"
 typed-builder-macro = "0.18"
-serde = { version = "1", optional = true }
+serde = "1"
 serde_json = { version = "1", optional = true }
 server_fn = { workspace = true, features = [
   "form-redirects",
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ web-sys = { version = "0.3.63", features = [
   "ShadowRootMode",
 ] }
 wasm-bindgen = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
+serde_qs = "0.12.0"
 
 [features]
 default = ["serde"]
@@ -78,7 +80,6 @@ experimental-islands = [
   "leptos_dom/experimental-islands",
   "leptos_macro/experimental-islands",
   "leptos_reactive/experimental-islands",
-  "dep:serde",
   "dep:serde_json",
 ]
 trace-component-props = [
diff --git a/leptos/src/action_form.rs b/leptos/src/action_form.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53f196957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/leptos/src/action_form.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+use crate::{
+    children::Children, component, from_form_data::FromFormData, prelude::*,
+    IntoView,
+};
+use leptos_dom::{events::submit, helpers::window};
+use leptos_server::ServerAction;
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use server_fn::{
+    client::Client, codec::PostUrl, request::ClientReq, ServerFn, ServerFnError,
+};
+use tachys::{
+    either::Either,
+    html::{
+        attribute::any_attribute::AnyAttribute,
+        element::{form, Form},
+    },
+    reactive_graph::node_ref::NodeRef,
+    renderer::dom::Dom,
+};
+use web_sys::{FormData, SubmitEvent};
+
+/// Automatically turns a server [Action](leptos_server::Action) into an HTML
+/// [`form`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form)
+/// progressively enhanced to use client-side routing.
+///
+/// ## Encoding
+/// **Note:** `<ActionForm/>` only works with server functions that use the
+/// default `Url` encoding. This is to ensure that `<ActionForm/>` works correctly
+/// both before and after WASM has loaded.
+///
+/// ## Complex Inputs
+/// Server function arguments that are structs with nested serializable fields
+/// should make use of indexing notation of `serde_qs`.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use leptos::*;
+/// # use leptos_router::*;
+///
+/// #[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+/// struct HeftyData {
+///     first_name: String,
+///     last_name: String,
+/// }
+///
+/// #[component]
+/// fn ComplexInput() -> impl IntoView {
+///     let submit = Action::<VeryImportantFn, _>::server();
+///
+///     view! {
+///       <ActionForm action=submit>
+///         <input type="text" name="hefty_arg[first_name]" value="leptos"/>
+///         <input
+///           type="text"
+///           name="hefty_arg[last_name]"
+///           value="closures-everywhere"
+///         />
+///         <input type="submit"/>
+///       </ActionForm>
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// #[server]
+/// async fn very_important_fn(
+///     hefty_arg: HeftyData,
+/// ) -> Result<(), ServerFnError> {
+///     assert_eq!(hefty_arg.first_name.as_str(), "leptos");
+///     assert_eq!(hefty_arg.last_name.as_str(), "closures-everywhere");
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg_attr(
+    any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
+    tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
+)]
+#[component]
+pub fn ActionForm<ServFn>(
+    /// The action from which to build the form. This should include a URL, which can be generated
+    /// by default using [`create_server_action`](leptos_server::create_server_action) or added
+    /// manually using [`using_server_fn`](leptos_server::Action::using_server_fn).
+    action: ServerAction<ServFn>,
+    /// A [`NodeRef`] in which the `<form>` element should be stored.
+    #[prop(optional)]
+    node_ref: Option<NodeRef<Form>>,
+    /// Arbitrary attributes to add to the `<form>`
+    #[prop(attrs, optional)]
+    attributes: Vec<AnyAttribute<Dom>>,
+    /// Component children; should include the HTML of the form elements.
+    children: Children,
+) -> impl IntoView
+where
+    ServFn: DeserializeOwned
+        + ServerFn<InputEncoding = PostUrl>
+        + Clone
+        + Send
+        + Sync
+        + 'static,
+    <<ServFn::Client as Client<ServFn::Error>>::Request as ClientReq<
+        ServFn::Error,
+    >>::FormData: From<FormData>,
+    ServFn: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ServFn::Output: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ServFn::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    // if redirect hook has not yet been set (by a router), defaults to a browser redirect
+    _ = server_fn::redirect::set_redirect_hook(|loc: &str| {
+        if let Some(url) = resolve_redirect_url(loc) {
+            _ = window().location().set_href(&url.href());
+        }
+    });
+
+    let action_url = ServFn::url();
+    let version = action.version();
+    let value = action.value();
+
+    let on_submit = {
+        move |ev: SubmitEvent| {
+            if ev.default_prevented() {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ev.prevent_default();
+
+            match ServFn::from_event(&ev) {
+                Ok(new_input) => {
+                    action.dispatch(new_input);
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    crate::logging::error!(
+                        "Error converting form field into server function \
+                         arguments: {err:?}"
+                    );
+                    value.set(Some(Err(ServerFnError::Serialization(
+                        err.to_string(),
+                    ))));
+                    version.update(|n| *n += 1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let action_form = form()
+        .action(ServFn::url())
+        .method("post")
+        .on(submit, on_submit)
+        .child(children());
+    if let Some(node_ref) = node_ref {
+        Either::Left(action_form.node_ref(node_ref))
+    } else {
+        Either::Right(action_form)
+    }
+    // TODO add other attributes
+    /*for (attr_name, attr_value) in attributes {
+        action_form = action_form.attr(attr_name, attr_value);
+    }*/
+}
+
+/// Resolves a redirect location to an (absolute) URL.
+pub(crate) fn resolve_redirect_url(loc: &str) -> Option<web_sys::Url> {
+    let origin = match window().location().origin() {
+        Ok(origin) => origin,
+        Err(e) => {
+            leptos::logging::error!("Failed to get origin: {:#?}", e);
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // TODO: Use server function's URL as base instead.
+    let base = origin;
+
+    match web_sys::Url::new_with_base(loc, &base) {
+        Ok(url) => Some(url),
+        Err(e) => {
+            leptos::logging::error!(
+                "Invalid redirect location: {}",
+                e.as_string().unwrap_or_default(),
+            );
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/leptos/src/from_form_data.rs b/leptos/src/from_form_data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81a5c8aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/leptos/src/from_form_data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, JsValue, UnwrapThrowExt};
+use web_sys::{
+    Event, FormData, HtmlButtonElement, HtmlFormElement, HtmlInputElement,
+    SubmitEvent,
+};
+
+/// Tries to deserialize a type from form data. This can be used for client-side
+/// validation during form submission.
+pub trait FromFormData
+where
+    Self: Sized + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    /// Tries to deserialize the data, given only the `submit` event.
+    fn from_event(ev: &web_sys::Event) -> Result<Self, FromFormDataError>;
+
+    /// Tries to deserialize the data, given the actual form data.
+    fn from_form_data(
+        form_data: &web_sys::FormData,
+    ) -> Result<Self, serde_qs::Error>;
+}
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum FromFormDataError {
+    #[error("Could not find <form> connected to event.")]
+    MissingForm(Event),
+    #[error("Could not create FormData from <form>: {0:?}")]
+    FormData(JsValue),
+    #[error("Deserialization error: {0:?}")]
+    Deserialization(serde_qs::Error),
+}
+
+impl<T> FromFormData for T
+where
+    T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    fn from_event(ev: &Event) -> Result<Self, FromFormDataError> {
+        let submit_ev = ev.unchecked_ref();
+        let form_data = form_data_from_event(submit_ev)?;
+        Self::from_form_data(&form_data)
+            .map_err(FromFormDataError::Deserialization)
+    }
+
+    fn from_form_data(
+        form_data: &web_sys::FormData,
+    ) -> Result<Self, serde_qs::Error> {
+        let data =
+            web_sys::UrlSearchParams::new_with_str_sequence_sequence(form_data)
+                .unwrap_throw();
+        let data = data.to_string().as_string().unwrap_or_default();
+        serde_qs::Config::new(5, false).deserialize_str::<Self>(&data)
+    }
+}
+
+fn form_data_from_event(
+    ev: &SubmitEvent,
+) -> Result<FormData, FromFormDataError> {
+    let submitter = ev.submitter();
+    let mut submitter_name_value = None;
+    let opt_form = match &submitter {
+        Some(el) => {
+            if let Some(form) = el.dyn_ref::<HtmlFormElement>() {
+                Some(form.clone())
+            } else if let Some(input) = el.dyn_ref::<HtmlInputElement>() {
+                submitter_name_value = Some((input.name(), input.value()));
+                Some(ev.target().unwrap().unchecked_into())
+            } else if let Some(button) = el.dyn_ref::<HtmlButtonElement>() {
+                submitter_name_value = Some((button.name(), button.value()));
+                Some(ev.target().unwrap().unchecked_into())
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        }
+        None => ev.target().map(|form| form.unchecked_into()),
+    };
+    match opt_form.as_ref().map(FormData::new_with_form) {
+        None => Err(FromFormDataError::MissingForm(ev.clone().into())),
+        Some(Err(e)) => Err(FromFormDataError::FormData(e)),
+        Some(Ok(form_data)) => {
+            if let Some((name, value)) = submitter_name_value {
+                form_data
+                    .append_with_str(&name, &value)
+                    .map_err(FromFormDataError::FormData)?;
+            }
+            Ok(form_data)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/leptos/src/lib.rs b/leptos/src/lib.rs
index 6a6595675..6af8f9290 100644
--- a/leptos/src/lib.rs
+++ b/leptos/src/lib.rs
@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ pub mod prelude {
     pub use tachys::prelude::*;
 }
 
+mod action_form;
+pub use action_form::*;
 pub mod callback;
 pub mod children;
 pub mod component;
@@ -184,15 +186,13 @@ pub use leptos_config as config;
 pub use mount::hydrate_body;
 pub use mount::mount_to_body;
 pub use oco;
+pub mod from_form_data;
 
 pub mod context {
     pub use reactive_graph::owner::{provide_context, use_context};
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "hydration")]
-pub mod server {
-    pub use leptos_server::{ArcResource, Resource};
-}
+pub use leptos_server as server;
 
 /// Utilities for simple isomorphic logging to the console or terminal.
 pub mod logging {
diff --git a/leptos_server/src/action.rs b/leptos_server/src/action.rs
index 6d4b121b4..cccbece40 100644
--- a/leptos_server/src/action.rs
+++ b/leptos_server/src/action.rs
@@ -1,537 +1,208 @@
-//use crate::{ServerFn, ServerFnError};
-#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-use leptos_reactive::console_warn;
-use leptos_reactive::{
-    is_suppressing_resource_load, signal_prelude::*, spawn_local, store_value,
-    try_batch, use_context, StoredValue,
+use reactive_graph::{
+    action::ArcAction,
+    owner::StoredValue,
+    signal::{ArcReadSignal, ArcRwSignal, ReadSignal, RwSignal},
+    traits::DefinedAt,
+    unwrap_signal,
 };
 use server_fn::{error::ServerFnUrlError, ServerFn, ServerFnError};
-use std::{cell::Cell, future::Future, pin::Pin, rc::Rc};
+use std::panic::Location;
 
-/// An action synchronizes an imperative `async` call to the synchronous reactive system.
-///
-/// If you’re trying to load data by running an `async` function reactively, you probably
-/// want to use a [Resource](leptos_reactive::Resource) instead. If you’re trying to occasionally
-/// run an `async` function in response to something like a user clicking a button, you're in the right place.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// # use leptos::*;
-/// # let runtime = create_runtime();
-/// async fn send_new_todo_to_api(task: String) -> usize {
-///     // do something...
-///     // return a task id
-///     42
-/// }
-/// let save_data = create_action(|task: &String| {
-///   // `task` is given as `&String` because its value is available in `input`
-///   send_new_todo_to_api(task.clone())
-/// });
-///
-/// // the argument currently running
-/// let input = save_data.input();
-/// // the most recent returned result
-/// let result_of_call = save_data.value();
-/// // whether the call is pending
-/// let pending = save_data.pending();
-/// // how many times the action has run
-/// // useful for reactively updating something else in response to a `dispatch` and response
-/// let version = save_data.version();
-///
-/// // before we do anything
-/// assert_eq!(input.get(), None); // no argument yet
-/// assert_eq!(pending.get(), false); // isn't pending a response
-/// assert_eq!(result_of_call.get(), None); // there's no "last value"
-/// assert_eq!(version.get(), 0);
-/// # if false {
-/// // dispatch the action
-/// save_data.dispatch("My todo".to_string());
-///
-/// // when we're making the call
-/// // assert_eq!(input.get(), Some("My todo".to_string()));
-/// // assert_eq!(pending.get(), true); // is pending
-/// // assert_eq!(result_of_call.get(), None); // has not yet gotten a response
-///
-/// // after call has resolved
-/// assert_eq!(input.get(), None); // input clears out after resolved
-/// assert_eq!(pending.get(), false); // no longer pending
-/// assert_eq!(result_of_call.get(), Some(42));
-/// assert_eq!(version.get(), 1);
-/// # };
-/// # runtime.dispose();
-/// ```
-///
-/// The input to the `async` function should always be a single value,
-/// but it can be of any type. The argument is always passed by reference to the
-/// function, because it is stored in [Action::input] as well.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// # use leptos::*;
-/// # let runtime = create_runtime();
-/// // if there's a single argument, just use that
-/// let action1 = create_action(|input: &String| {
-///     let input = input.clone();
-///     async move { todo!() }
-/// });
-///
-/// // if there are no arguments, use the unit type `()`
-/// let action2 = create_action(|input: &()| async { todo!() });
-///
-/// // if there are multiple arguments, use a tuple
-/// let action3 = create_action(|input: &(usize, String)| async { todo!() });
-/// # runtime.dispose();
-/// ```
-pub struct Action<I, O>(StoredValue<ActionState<I, O>>)
+pub struct ArcServerAction<S>
 where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static;
-
-impl<I, O> Action<I, O>
-where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
+{
+    inner: ArcAction<S, Result<S::Output, ServerFnError<S::Error>>>,
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    defined_at: &'static Location<'static>,
+}
+
+impl<S> ArcServerAction<S>
+where
+    S: ServerFn + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Output: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    /// Calls the `async` function with a reference to the input type as its argument.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn dispatch(&self, input: I) {
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        let loc = std::panic::Location::caller();
-
-        self.0.with_value(|a| {
-            a.dispatch(
-                input,
-                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                loc,
-            )
-        })
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: ArcAction::new(|input: &S| S::run_on_client(input.clone())),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: Location::caller(),
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Create an [Action].
-    ///
-    /// [Action] is a type of [Signal] which represent imperative calls to
-    /// an asynchronous function. Where a [Resource](leptos_reactive::Resource) is driven as a function
-    /// of a [Signal], [Action]s are [Action::dispatch]ed by events or handlers.
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// # use leptos::*;
-    /// # let runtime = create_runtime();
-    ///
-    /// let act = Action::new(|n: &u8| {
-    ///     let n = n.to_owned();
-    ///     async move { n * 2 }
-    /// });
-    /// # if false {
-    /// act.dispatch(3);
-    /// assert_eq!(act.value().get(), Some(6));
-    ///
-    /// // Remember that async functions already return a future if they are
-    /// // not `await`ed. You can save keystrokes by leaving out the `async move`
-    ///
-    /// let act2 = Action::new(|n: &String| yell(n.to_owned()));
-    /// act2.dispatch(String::from("i'm in a doctest"));
-    /// assert_eq!(act2.value().get(), Some("I'M IN A DOCTEST".to_string()));
-    /// # }
-    ///
-    /// async fn yell(n: String) -> String {
-    ///     n.to_uppercase()
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// # runtime.dispose();
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn new<F, Fu>(action_fn: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(&I) -> Fu + 'static,
-        Fu: Future<Output = O> + 'static,
-    {
-        let version = create_rw_signal(0);
-        let input = create_rw_signal(None);
-        let value = create_rw_signal(None);
-        let pending = create_rw_signal(false);
-        let pending_dispatches = Rc::new(Cell::new(0));
-        let action_fn = Rc::new(move |input: &I| {
-            let fut = action_fn(input);
-            Box::pin(fut) as Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = O>>>
-        });
-
-        Action(store_value(ActionState {
-            version,
-            url: None,
-            input,
-            value,
-            pending,
-            pending_dispatches,
-            action_fn,
-        }))
-    }
-
-    /// Whether the action has been dispatched and is currently waiting for its future to be resolved.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn pending(&self) -> ReadSignal<bool> {
-        self.0.with_value(|a| a.pending.read_only())
-    }
-
-    /// Updates whether the action is currently pending. If the action has been dispatched
-    /// multiple times, and some of them are still pending, it will *not* update the `pending`
-    /// signal.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn set_pending(&self, pending: bool) {
-        self.0.try_with_value(|a| {
-            let pending_dispatches = &a.pending_dispatches;
-            let still_pending = {
-                pending_dispatches.set(if pending {
-                    pending_dispatches.get().wrapping_add(1)
-                } else {
-                    pending_dispatches.get().saturating_sub(1)
-                });
-                pending_dispatches.get()
-            };
-            if still_pending == 0 {
-                a.pending.set(false);
-            } else {
-                a.pending.set(true);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// The URL associated with the action (typically as part of a server function.)
-    /// This enables integration with the `ActionForm` component in `leptos_router`.
-    pub fn url(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        self.0.with_value(|a| a.url.as_ref().cloned())
-    }
-
-    /// How many times the action has successfully resolved.
-    pub fn version(&self) -> RwSignal<usize> {
-        self.0.with_value(|a| a.version)
-    }
-
-    /// The current argument that was dispatched to the `async` function.
-    /// `Some` while we are waiting for it to resolve, `None` if it has resolved.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn input(&self) -> RwSignal<Option<I>> {
-        self.0.with_value(|a| a.input)
-    }
-
-    /// The most recent return value of the `async` function.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn value(&self) -> RwSignal<Option<O>> {
-        self.0.with_value(|a| a.value)
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn dispatch(&self, input: S) {
+        self.inner.dispatch(input);
     }
 }
 
-impl<I> Action<I, Result<I::Output, ServerFnError<I::Error>>>
+impl<S> ArcServerAction<S>
 where
-    I: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
+    S::Error: 'static,
 {
-    /// Create an [Action] to imperatively call a [server](leptos_macro::server) function.
-    ///
-    /// The struct representing your server function's arguments should be
-    /// provided to the [Action]. Unless specified as an argument to the server
-    /// macro, the generated struct is your function's name converted to CamelCase.
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// # // Not in a localset, so this would always panic.
-    /// # if false {
-    /// # use leptos::*;
-    /// # let rt = create_runtime();
-    ///
-    /// // The type argument can be on the right of the equal sign.
-    /// let act = Action::<Add, _>::server();
-    /// let args = Add { lhs: 5, rhs: 7 };
-    /// act.dispatch(args);
-    /// assert_eq!(act.value().get(), Some(Ok(12)));
-    ///
-    /// // Or on the left of the equal sign.
-    /// let act: Action<Sub, _> = Action::server();
-    /// let args = Sub { lhs: 20, rhs: 5 };
-    /// act.dispatch(args);
-    /// assert_eq!(act.value().get(), Some(Ok(15)));
-    ///
-    /// let not_dispatched = Action::<Add, _>::server();
-    /// assert_eq!(not_dispatched.value().get(), None);
-    ///
-    /// #[server]
-    /// async fn add(lhs: u8, rhs: u8) -> Result<u8, ServerFnError> {
-    ///     Ok(lhs + rhs)
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// #[server]
-    /// async fn sub(lhs: u8, rhs: u8) -> Result<u8, ServerFnError> {
-    ///     Ok(lhs - rhs)
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// # rt.dispose();
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn server() -> Action<I, Result<I::Output, ServerFnError<I::Error>>>
-    where
-        I: ServerFn + Clone,
-        I::Error: Clone + 'static,
-    {
-        // The server is able to call the function directly
-        #[cfg(feature = "ssr")]
-        let action_function = |args: &I| I::run_body(args.clone());
-
-        // When not on the server send a fetch to request the fn call.
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "ssr"))]
-        let action_function = |args: &I| I::run_on_client(args.clone());
-
-        // create the action
-        Action::new(action_function).using_server_fn()
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn version(&self) -> ArcRwSignal<usize> {
+        self.inner.version()
     }
 
-    /// Associates the URL of the given server function with this action.
-    /// This enables integration with the `ActionForm` component in `leptos_router`.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn using_server_fn(self) -> Self
-    where
-        I::Error: Clone + 'static,
-    {
-        let url = I::url();
-        let action_error = use_context::<Rc<ServerFnUrlError<I::Error>>>()
-            .and_then(|err| {
-                if err.path() == url {
-                    Some(err.error().clone())
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            });
-        self.0.update_value(|state| {
-            if let Some(err) = action_error {
-                state.value.set_untracked(Some(Err(err)));
-            }
-            state.url = Some(url.to_string());
-        });
-        self
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn input(&self) -> ArcRwSignal<Option<S>> {
+        self.inner.input()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn value(
+        &self,
+    ) -> ArcRwSignal<Option<Result<S::Output, ServerFnError<S::Error>>>> {
+        self.inner.value()
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, O> Clone for Action<I, O>
+impl<S> Clone for ArcServerAction<S>
 where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: self.inner.clone(),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: self.defined_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> Default for ArcServerAction<S>
+where
+    S: ServerFn + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Output: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> DefinedAt for ArcServerAction<S>
+where
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
+{
+    fn defined_at(&self) -> Option<&'static Location<'static>> {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            Some(self.defined_at)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ServerAction<S>
+where
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
+{
+    inner: StoredValue<ArcServerAction<S>>,
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    defined_at: &'static Location<'static>,
+}
+
+impl<S> Clone for ServerAction<S>
+where
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         *self
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, O> Copy for Action<I, O>
+impl<S> Copy for ServerAction<S>
 where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
 {
 }
 
-struct ActionState<I, O>
+impl<S> ServerAction<S>
 where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Output: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    /// How many times the action has successfully resolved.
-    pub version: RwSignal<usize>,
-    /// The current argument that was dispatched to the `async` function.
-    /// `Some` while we are waiting for it to resolve, `None` if it has resolved.
-    pub input: RwSignal<Option<I>>,
-    /// The most recent return value of the `async` function.
-    pub value: RwSignal<Option<O>>,
-    pending: RwSignal<bool>,
-    url: Option<String>,
-    /// How many dispatched actions are still pending.
-    pending_dispatches: Rc<Cell<usize>>,
-    #[allow(clippy::complexity)]
-    action_fn: Rc<dyn Fn(&I) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = O>>>>,
-}
-
-impl<I, O> ActionState<I, O>
-where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static,
-{
-    /// Calls the `async` function with a reference to the input type as its argument.
-    #[cfg_attr(
-        any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-        tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-    )]
-    pub fn dispatch(
-        &self,
-        input: I,
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)] loc: &'static std::panic::Location<'static>,
-    ) {
-        if !is_suppressing_resource_load() {
-            let fut = (self.action_fn)(&input);
-            self.input.set(Some(input));
-            let input = self.input;
-            let version = self.version;
-            let pending = self.pending;
-            let pending_dispatches = Rc::clone(&self.pending_dispatches);
-            let value = self.value;
-            pending.set(true);
-            pending_dispatches.set(pending_dispatches.get().wrapping_add(1));
-            spawn_local(async move {
-                let new_value = fut.await;
-                let res = try_batch(move || {
-                    value.set(Some(new_value));
-                    input.set(None);
-                    version.update(|n| *n += 1);
-                    pending_dispatches
-                        .set(pending_dispatches.get().saturating_sub(1));
-                    if pending_dispatches.get() == 0 {
-                        pending.set(false);
-                    }
-                });
-
-                if res.is_err() {
-                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                    console_warn(&format!(
-                        "At {loc}, you are dispatching an action in a runtime \
-                         that has already been disposed. This may be because \
-                         you are calling `.dispatch()` in the body of a \
-                         component, during initial server-side rendering. If \
-                         that's the case, you should probably be using \
-                         `create_resource` instead of `create_action`."
-                    ));
-                }
-            })
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: StoredValue::new(ArcServerAction::new()),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: Location::caller(),
         }
     }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn dispatch(&self, input: S) {
+        self.inner.with_value(|inner| inner.dispatch(input));
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn version(&self) -> RwSignal<usize> {
+        self.inner
+            .with_value(|inner| inner.version())
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self))
+            .into()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn input(&self) -> RwSignal<Option<S>> {
+        self.inner
+            .with_value(|inner| inner.input())
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self))
+            .into()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn value(
+        &self,
+    ) -> RwSignal<Option<Result<S::Output, ServerFnError<S::Error>>>> {
+        self.inner
+            .with_value(|inner| inner.value())
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self))
+            .into()
+    }
 }
 
-/// Creates an [Action] to synchronize an imperative `async` call to the synchronous reactive system.
-///
-/// If you’re trying to load data by running an `async` function reactively, you probably
-/// want to use a [create_resource](leptos_reactive::create_resource) instead. If you’re trying
-/// to occasionally run an `async` function in response to something like a user clicking a button,
-/// you're in the right place.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// # use leptos::*;
-/// # let runtime = create_runtime();
-/// async fn send_new_todo_to_api(task: String) -> usize {
-///     // do something...
-///     // return a task id
-///     42
-/// }
-/// let save_data = create_action(|task: &String| {
-///   // `task` is given as `&String` because its value is available in `input`
-///   send_new_todo_to_api(task.clone())
-/// });
-///
-/// // the argument currently running
-/// let input = save_data.input();
-/// // the most recent returned result
-/// let result_of_call = save_data.value();
-/// // whether the call is pending
-/// let pending = save_data.pending();
-/// // how many times the action has run
-/// // useful for reactively updating something else in response to a `dispatch` and response
-/// let version = save_data.version();
-///
-/// // before we do anything
-/// assert_eq!(input.get(), None); // no argument yet
-/// assert_eq!(pending.get(), false); // isn't pending a response
-/// assert_eq!(result_of_call.get(), None); // there's no "last value"
-/// assert_eq!(version.get(), 0);
-/// # if false {
-/// // dispatch the action
-/// save_data.dispatch("My todo".to_string());
-///
-/// // when we're making the call
-/// // assert_eq!(input.get(), Some("My todo".to_string()));
-/// // assert_eq!(pending.get(), true); // is pending
-/// // assert_eq!(result_of_call.get(), None); // has not yet gotten a response
-///
-/// // after call has resolved
-/// assert_eq!(input.get(), None); // input clears out after resolved
-/// assert_eq!(pending.get(), false); // no longer pending
-/// assert_eq!(result_of_call.get(), Some(42));
-/// assert_eq!(version.get(), 1);
-/// # }
-/// # runtime.dispose();
-/// ```
-///
-/// The input to the `async` function should always be a single value,
-/// but it can be of any type. The argument is always passed by reference to the
-/// function, because it is stored in [Action::input] as well.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// # use leptos::*;
-/// # let runtime = create_runtime();
-/// // if there's a single argument, just use that
-/// let action1 = create_action(|input: &String| {
-///     let input = input.clone();
-///     async move { todo!() }
-/// });
-///
-/// // if there are no arguments, use the unit type `()`
-/// let action2 = create_action(|input: &()| async { todo!() });
-///
-/// // if there are multiple arguments, use a tuple
-/// let action3 = create_action(|input: &(usize, String)| async { todo!() });
-/// # runtime.dispose();
-/// ```
-#[cfg_attr(
-    any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-    tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-)]
-pub fn create_action<I, O, F, Fu>(action_fn: F) -> Action<I, O>
+impl<S> Default for ServerAction<S>
 where
-    I: 'static,
-    O: 'static,
-    F: Fn(&I) -> Fu + 'static,
-    Fu: Future<Output = O> + 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Output: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    S::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    Action::new(action_fn)
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
 }
 
-/// Creates an [Action] that can be used to call a server function.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// # use leptos::*;
-///
-/// #[server(MyServerFn)]
-/// async fn my_server_fn() -> Result<(), ServerFnError> {
-///     todo!()
-/// }
-///
-/// # let runtime = create_runtime();
-/// let my_server_action = create_server_action::<MyServerFn>();
-/// # runtime.dispose();
-/// ```
-#[cfg_attr(
-    any(debug_assertions, feature = "ssr"),
-    tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all,)
-)]
-pub fn create_server_action<S>(
-) -> Action<S, Result<S::Output, ServerFnError<S::Error>>>
+impl<S> DefinedAt for ServerAction<S>
 where
-    S: Clone + ServerFn,
-    S::Error: Clone + 'static,
+    S: ServerFn + 'static,
+    S::Output: 'static,
 {
-    Action::<S, _>::server()
+    fn defined_at(&self) -> Option<&'static Location<'static>> {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            Some(self.defined_at)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/leptos_server/src/lib.rs b/leptos_server/src/lib.rs
index 415a19f23..35b319650 100644
--- a/leptos_server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/leptos_server/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //#![deny(missing_docs)]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
+mod action;
+pub use action::*;
 #[cfg(feature = "hydration")]
 mod resource;
 #[cfg(feature = "hydration")]
diff --git a/leptos_server/src/resource.rs b/leptos_server/src/resource.rs
index 27e5e3ed1..2e22c55e9 100644
--- a/leptos_server/src/resource.rs
+++ b/leptos_server/src/resource.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ use core::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData};
 use futures::Future;
 use hydration_context::SerializedDataId;
 use reactive_graph::{
-    computed::{ArcAsyncDerived, AsyncDerived, AsyncDerivedFuture, AsyncState},
+    computed::{
+        ArcAsyncDerived, ArcMemo, AsyncDerived, AsyncDerivedFuture, AsyncState,
+    },
     owner::Owner,
     prelude::*,
 };
 use std::{future::IntoFuture, ops::Deref};
 
-pub struct ArcResource<T, Ser> {
+pub struct ArcResource<T, Ser = SerdeJson> {
     ser: PhantomData<Ser>,
     data: ArcAsyncDerived<T>,
 }
@@ -34,12 +36,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new<Fut>(fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self
+    pub fn new<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -49,12 +55,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_serde<Fut>(fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self
+    pub fn new<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -65,14 +75,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_miniserde<Fut>(
-        fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    pub fn new_miniserde<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -83,14 +95,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_serde_lite<Fut>(
-        fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    pub fn new_serde_lite<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -101,12 +115,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_rkyv<Fut>(fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self
+    pub fn new_rkyv<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        ArcResource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,10 +135,12 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_with_encoding<Fut>(
-        fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    pub fn new_with_encoding<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ) -> ArcResource<T, Ser>
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Debug + Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
@@ -132,6 +152,9 @@ where
 
         let initial = Self::initial_value(&id);
 
+        let source = ArcMemo::new(move |_| source());
+        let fun = move || fetcher(source.get());
+
         let data = ArcAsyncDerived::new_with_initial(initial, fun);
 
         if let Some(shared_context) = shared_context {
@@ -227,12 +250,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new<Fut>(fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self
+    pub fn new<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        Resource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        Resource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -242,12 +269,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_serde<Fut>(fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self
+    pub fn new_serde<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        Resource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        Resource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -258,14 +289,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_miniserde<Fut>(
-        fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    pub fn new_miniserde<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        Resource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        Resource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -276,14 +309,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_serde_lite<Fut>(
-        fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    pub fn new_serde_lite<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        Resource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        Resource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -294,12 +329,16 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_rkyv<Fut>(fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self
+    pub fn new_rkyv<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self
     where
+        S: PartialEq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        Resource::new_with_encoding(fun)
+        Resource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher)
     }
 }
 
@@ -310,69 +349,22 @@ where
     T::SerErr: Debug,
     T::DeErr: Debug,
 {
-    pub fn new_with_encoding<Fut>(
-        fun: impl Fn() -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    pub fn new_with_encoding<S, Fut>(
+        source: impl Fn() -> S + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        fetcher: impl Fn(S) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
     ) -> Resource<T, Ser>
     where
+        S: Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + 'static,
         T: Send + Sync + 'static,
         Fut: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        let shared_context = Owner::current_shared_context();
-        let id = shared_context
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|sc| sc.next_id())
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        let initial = Self::initial_value(&id);
-
-        let data = AsyncDerived::new_with_initial(initial, fun);
-
-        if let Some(shared_context) = shared_context {
-            let value = data;
-            let ready_fut = data.ready();
-
-            shared_context.write_async(
-                id,
-                Box::pin(async move {
-                    ready_fut.await;
-                    value
-                        .with_untracked(|data| match &data {
-                            AsyncState::Complete(val) => val.ser(),
-                            _ => unreachable!(),
-                        })
-                        .unwrap() // TODO handle
-                }),
-            );
-        }
-
+        let ArcResource { ser, data } =
+            ArcResource::new_with_encoding(source, fetcher);
         Resource {
             ser: PhantomData,
-            data,
+            data: data.into(),
         }
     }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn initial_value(id: &SerializedDataId) -> AsyncState<T> {
-        #[cfg(feature = "hydration")]
-        {
-            let shared_context = Owner::current_shared_context();
-            if let Some(shared_context) = shared_context {
-                let value = shared_context.read_data(id);
-                if let Some(value) = value {
-                    match T::de(&value) {
-                        Ok(value) => return AsyncState::Complete(value),
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
-                            tracing::error!(
-                                "couldn't deserialize from {value:?}: {e:?}"
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        AsyncState::Loading
-    }
 }
 
 impl<T, Ser> IntoFuture for Resource<T, Ser>
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/action.rs b/reactive_graph/src/action.rs
index 63f232b59..c306e6922 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/action.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/action.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,62 @@
 use crate::{
     computed::AsyncState,
-    signal::ArcRwSignal,
-    traits::{Set, Update},
+    diagnostics::is_suppressing_resource_load,
+    owner::{Owner, StoredValue},
+    signal::{ArcReadSignal, ArcRwSignal, ReadSignal, RwSignal},
+    traits::{DefinedAt, GetUntracked, Set, Update, WithUntracked},
+    unwrap_signal,
+};
+use any_spawner::Executor;
+use futures::{
+    channel::oneshot,
+    select,
+    stream::{AbortRegistration, Abortable},
+    FutureExt,
 };
 use std::{
     future::Future,
+    mem::swap,
+    panic::Location,
     pin::Pin,
     sync::{atomic::AtomicUsize, Arc},
 };
 
-pub enum ActionState<I, O> {
+/*enum ActionState<I, O> {
     Idle,
     Loading(I),
+    LoadingMultiple(I, usize),
     Complete(O),
     Reloading(I, O),
+    ReloadingMultiple(I, O, usize),
+}
+
+impl<I, O> ActionState<I, O> {
+    fn currently_loading(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            ActionState::Idle => 0,
+            ActionState::Loading(_) => 1,
+            ActionState::LoadingMultiple(_, curr) => *curr,
+            ActionState::Complete(_) => 0,
+            ActionState::Reloading(_, _) => 1,
+            ActionState::ReloadingMultiple(_, _, curr) => *curr,
+        }
+    }
+}*/
+
+struct ActionInner<I, O> {
+    input: Option<I>,
+    value: Option<O>,
+    version: usize,
+}
+
+impl<I, O> Default for ActionInner<I, O> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            input: Default::default(),
+            value: Default::default(),
+            version: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct ArcAction<I, O>
@@ -21,31 +64,234 @@ where
     I: 'static,
     O: 'static,
 {
+    in_flight: ArcRwSignal<usize>,
+    input: ArcRwSignal<Option<I>>,
+    value: ArcRwSignal<Option<O>>,
     version: ArcRwSignal<usize>,
-    state: ArcRwSignal<ActionState<I, O>>,
-    pending_dispatches: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
     #[allow(clippy::complexity)]
-    action_fn: Arc<dyn Fn(&I) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = O>>>>,
-    #[cfg(debug_assertion)]
+    action_fn: Arc<
+        dyn Fn(&I) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = O> + Send>> + Send + Sync,
+    >,
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     defined_at: &'static Location<'static>,
 }
 
-impl<I, O> ArcAction<I, O>
+impl<I, O> Clone for ArcAction<I, O>
 where
     I: 'static,
     O: 'static,
 {
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub fn dispatch(&self, input: I) {
-        let fut = (self.action_fn)(&input);
-
-        self.state.update(|prev| {
-            *prev = match prev {
-                ActionState::Idle => ActionState::Loading(input),
-                ActionState::Loading(_) => todo!(),
-                ActionState::Complete(_) => todo!(),
-                ActionState::Reloading(_, _) => todo!(),
-            }
-        });
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            in_flight: self.in_flight.clone(),
+            input: self.input.clone(),
+            value: self.value.clone(),
+            version: self.version.clone(),
+            action_fn: self.action_fn.clone(),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: self.defined_at,
+        }
     }
 }
+
+impl<I, O> ArcAction<I, O>
+where
+    I: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    O: Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn new<F, Fu>(action_fn: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(&I) -> Fu + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fu: Future<Output = O> + Send + 'static,
+    {
+        ArcAction {
+            in_flight: ArcRwSignal::new(0),
+            input: Default::default(),
+            value: Default::default(),
+            version: Default::default(),
+            action_fn: Arc::new(move |input| Box::pin(action_fn(input))),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: Location::caller(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn dispatch(&self, input: I) {
+        if !is_suppressing_resource_load() {
+            let mut fut = (self.action_fn)(&input).fuse();
+
+            // abort this task if the owner is cleaned up
+            let (abort_tx, mut abort_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+            Owner::on_cleanup(move || {
+                abort_tx.send(()).expect(
+                    "tried to cancel a future in ArcAction::dispatch(), but \
+                     the channel has already closed",
+                );
+            });
+
+            // Update the state before loading
+            self.in_flight.update(|n| *n += 1);
+            let current_version =
+                self.version.try_get_untracked().unwrap_or_default();
+            self.input.try_update(|inp| *inp = Some(input));
+
+            // Spawn the task
+            Executor::spawn({
+                let input = self.input.clone();
+                let version = self.version.clone();
+                let value = self.value.clone();
+                let in_flight = self.in_flight.clone();
+                async move {
+                    select! {
+                        // if the abort message has been sent, bail and do nothing
+                        _ = abort_rx => {
+                            in_flight.update(|n| *n = n.saturating_sub(1));
+                        },
+                        // otherwise, update the value
+                        result = fut => {
+                            in_flight.update(|n| *n = n.saturating_sub(1));
+                            let is_latest = version.get_untracked() <= current_version;
+                            if is_latest {
+                                version.update(|n| *n += 1);
+                                value.update(|n| *n = Some(result));
+                            }
+                            if in_flight.get_untracked() == 0 {
+                                input.update(|inp| *inp = None);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> ArcAction<I, O> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn version(&self) -> ArcRwSignal<usize> {
+        self.version.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn input(&self) -> ArcRwSignal<Option<I>> {
+        self.input.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn value(&self) -> ArcRwSignal<Option<O>> {
+        self.value.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> DefinedAt for ArcAction<I, O>
+where
+    I: 'static,
+    O: 'static,
+{
+    fn defined_at(&self) -> Option<&'static Location<'static>> {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            Some(self.defined_at)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Action<I, O>
+where
+    I: 'static,
+    O: 'static,
+{
+    inner: StoredValue<ArcAction<I, O>>,
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    defined_at: &'static Location<'static>,
+}
+
+impl<I, O> Action<I, O>
+where
+    I: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    O: Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn new<F, Fu>(action_fn: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(&I) -> Fu + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fu: Future<Output = O> + Send + 'static,
+    {
+        Self {
+            inner: StoredValue::new(ArcAction::new(action_fn)),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at: Location::caller(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn version(&self) -> RwSignal<usize> {
+        let inner = self
+            .inner
+            .with_value(|inner| inner.version())
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self));
+        inner.into()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn input(&self) -> RwSignal<Option<I>> {
+        let inner = self
+            .inner
+            .with_value(|inner| inner.input())
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self));
+        inner.into()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn value(&self) -> RwSignal<Option<O>> {
+        let inner = self
+            .inner
+            .with_value(|inner| inner.value())
+            .unwrap_or_else(unwrap_signal!(self));
+        inner.into()
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn dispatch(&self, input: I) {
+        self.inner.with_value(|inner| inner.dispatch(input));
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> DefinedAt for Action<I, O>
+where
+    I: 'static,
+    O: 'static,
+{
+    fn defined_at(&self) -> Option<&'static Location<'static>> {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            Some(self.defined_at)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> Clone for Action<I, O>
+where
+    I: 'static,
+    O: 'static,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> Copy for Action<I, O>
+where
+    I: 'static,
+    O: 'static,
+{
+}
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs b/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs
index 15c28deb1..2fc585ae5 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/computed/async_derived/async_derived.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,18 @@ pub struct AsyncDerived<T: Send + Sync + 'static> {
     inner: StoredValue<ArcAsyncDerived<T>>,
 }
 
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> From<ArcAsyncDerived<T>> for AsyncDerived<T> {
+    fn from(value: ArcAsyncDerived<T>) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let defined_at = value.defined_at;
+        Self {
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            defined_at,
+            inner: StoredValue::new(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> StoredData for AsyncDerived<T> {
     type Data = ArcAsyncDerived<T>;
 
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/diagnostics.rs b/reactive_graph/src/diagnostics.rs
index e432eeed9..3b465f112 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -71,3 +71,17 @@ macro_rules! diagnostics {
         }
     }};
 }
+
+thread_local! {
+    static SUPPRESS_RESOURCE_LOAD: Cell<bool> = const { Cell::new(false) };
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn suppress_resource_load(suppress: bool) {
+    SUPPRESS_RESOURCE_LOAD.with(|w| w.set(suppress));
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn is_suppressing_resource_load() -> bool {
+    SUPPRESS_RESOURCE_LOAD.with(|w| w.get())
+}
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs b/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs
index e7b8d9aeb..93cfba98f 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/signal/arc_rw.rs
@@ -57,6 +57,16 @@ impl<T> Hash for ArcRwSignal<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Default for ArcRwSignal<T>
+where
+    T: Default,
+{
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(T::default())
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T> ArcRwSignal<T> {
     #[cfg_attr(
         feature = "tracing",
diff --git a/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs b/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs
index 0e5b9e6f7..554194abd 100644
--- a/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs
+++ b/reactive_graph/src/traits.rs
@@ -298,9 +298,23 @@ pub trait Update {
         self.try_update(fun);
     }
 
+    fn maybe_update(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::Value) -> bool) {
+        self.try_maybe_update(|val| {
+            let did_update = fun(val);
+            (did_update, ())
+        });
+    }
+
     fn try_update<U>(
         &self,
         fun: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::Value) -> U,
+    ) -> Option<U> {
+        self.try_maybe_update(|val| (true, fun(val)))
+    }
+
+    fn try_maybe_update<U>(
+        &self,
+        fun: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::Value) -> (bool, U),
     ) -> Option<U>;
 }
 
@@ -310,12 +324,14 @@ where
 {
     type Value = <Self as UpdateUntracked>::Value;
 
-    fn try_update<U>(
+    fn try_maybe_update<U>(
         &self,
-        fun: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::Value) -> U,
+        fun: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::Value) -> (bool, U),
     ) -> Option<U> {
-        let val = self.try_update_untracked(fun)?;
-        self.trigger();
+        let (did_update, val) = self.try_update_untracked(fun)?;
+        if did_update {
+            self.trigger();
+        }
         Some(val)
     }
 }
@@ -345,7 +361,8 @@ pub trait DefinedAt {
     fn defined_at(&self) -> Option<&'static Location<'static>>;
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn panic_getting_disposed_signal(
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn panic_getting_disposed_signal(
     defined_at: Option<&'static Location<'static>>,
     location: &'static Location<'static>,
 ) -> String {
diff --git a/server_fn/Cargo.toml b/server_fn/Cargo.toml
index 90de282f6..f76c00662 100644
--- a/server_fn/Cargo.toml
+++ b/server_fn/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ xxhash-rust = { version = "0.8", features = ["const_xxh64"] }
 # used across multiple features
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 send_wrapper = { version = "0.6", features = ["futures"], optional = true }
+thiserror = "1"
 
 # registration system
 inventory = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ http = { version = "1" }
 ciborium = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
 hyper = { version = "1", optional = true }
 bytes = "1"
-thiserror = "1"
 http-body-util = { version = "0.1.0", optional = true }
 rkyv = { version = "0.7", features = [
   "validation",
diff --git a/server_fn/src/request/browser.rs b/server_fn/src/request/browser.rs
index 073345754..846f2ae08 100644
--- a/server_fn/src/request/browser.rs
+++ b/server_fn/src/request/browser.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ pub use gloo_net::http::Request;
 use js_sys::{Reflect, Uint8Array};
 use send_wrapper::SendWrapper;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, JsValue};
 use wasm_streams::ReadableStream;
 use web_sys::{
-    AbortController, AbortSignal, FormData, Headers, RequestInit,
+    AbortController, AbortSignal, Event, FormData, Headers, RequestInit,
     UrlSearchParams,
 };