mirror of
https://github.com/inspec/inspec
synced 2024-12-11 22:02:47 +00:00
151 lines
3.9 KiB
Text
151 lines
3.9 KiB
Text
---
|
|
title: About the passwd Resource
|
|
platform: linux
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# passwd
|
|
|
|
Use the `passwd` InSpec audit resource to test the contents of `/etc/passwd`, which contains the following information for users that may log into the system and/or as users that own running processes. The format for `/etc/passwd` includes:
|
|
|
|
* A username
|
|
* The password for that user (on newer systems passwords should be stored in `/etc/shadow` )
|
|
* The user identifier (UID) assigned to that user
|
|
* The group identifier (GID) assigned to that user
|
|
* Additional information about that user
|
|
* That user's home directory
|
|
* That user's default command shell
|
|
|
|
These entries are defined as a colon-delimited row in the file, one row per user:
|
|
|
|
root:x:1234:5678:additional_info:/home/dir/:/bin/bash
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
## Availability
|
|
|
|
### Installation
|
|
|
|
This resource is distributed along with InSpec itself. You can use it automatically.
|
|
|
|
### Version
|
|
|
|
This resource first became available in v1.0.0 of InSpec.
|
|
|
|
## Syntax
|
|
|
|
A `passwd` resource block declares one (or more) users and associated user information to be tested:
|
|
|
|
describe passwd do
|
|
its('users') { should_not include 'forbidden_user' }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
describe passwd.uid(filter) do
|
|
its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
|
|
its('count') { should eq 1 }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
where
|
|
|
|
* `homes`, `gids`, `passwords`, `shells`, `uids`, and `users` are valid accessors for `passwd`
|
|
* `filter` one (or more) arguments, for example: `passwd.users(/name/)` used to define filtering
|
|
* `filter` may take any of the following arguments: `count` (retrieves the number of entries), `lines` (provides raw `passwd` lines), and `params` (returns an array of maps for all entries)
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
## Examples
|
|
|
|
The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource.
|
|
|
|
### Test usernames and UIDs
|
|
|
|
describe passwd do
|
|
its('users') { should eq ['root', 'www-data'] }
|
|
its('uids') { should eq [0, 33] }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### Select one user and test for multiple occurrences
|
|
|
|
describe passwd.uids(0) do
|
|
its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
|
|
its('count') { should eq 1 }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
describe passwd.where { user == 'www-data' } do
|
|
its('uids') { should cmp 33 }
|
|
its('count') { should eq 1 }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
## Matchers
|
|
|
|
For a full list of available matchers, please visit our [matchers page](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/matchers/).
|
|
|
|
### gids
|
|
|
|
The `gids` matcher tests if the group indentifiers in the test match group identifiers in `/etc/passwd`:
|
|
|
|
its('gids') { should include 1234 }
|
|
its('gids') { should cmp 0 }
|
|
|
|
### homes
|
|
|
|
The `homes` matcher tests the absolute path to a user's home directory:
|
|
|
|
its('home') { should eq '/' }
|
|
|
|
### length
|
|
|
|
The `length` matcher tests the length of a password that appears in `/etc/passwd`:
|
|
|
|
its('length') { should be <= 32 }
|
|
|
|
This matcher is best used in conjunction with filters. For example:
|
|
|
|
describe passwd.users('highlander') do
|
|
its('length') { should_not be < 16 }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### passwords
|
|
|
|
The `passwords` matcher tests if passwords are
|
|
|
|
* Encrypted
|
|
* Have direct logins disabled, as indicated by an asterisk (`*`)
|
|
* In the `/etc/shadow` file, as indicated by the letter x (`x`)
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
its('passwords') { should eq ['x'] }
|
|
its('passwords') { should cmp '*' }
|
|
|
|
### shells
|
|
|
|
The `shells` matcher tests the absolute path of a shell (or command) to which a user has access:
|
|
|
|
its('shells') { should_not include 'user' }
|
|
|
|
or to find all users with the nologin shell:
|
|
|
|
describe passwd.shells(/nologin/) do
|
|
its('users') { should_not include 'my_login_user' }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### uids
|
|
|
|
The `uids` matcher tests if the user indentifiers in the test match user identifiers in `/etc/passwd`:
|
|
|
|
its('uids') { should eq ['1234', '1235'] }
|
|
|
|
or:
|
|
|
|
describe passwd.uids(0) do
|
|
its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
|
|
its('count') { should eq 1 }
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### users
|
|
|
|
The `users` matcher tests if the user names in the test match user names in `/etc/passwd`:
|
|
|
|
its('users') { should eq ['root', 'www-data'] }
|