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141 lines
3.7 KiB
Text
141 lines
3.7 KiB
Text
---
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title: About the passwd Resource
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platform: linux
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---
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# passwd
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Use the `passwd` InSpec audit resource to test the contents of `/etc/passwd`, which contains the following information for users that may log into the system and/or as users that own running processes. The format for `/etc/passwd` includes:
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* A username
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* The password for that user (on newer systems passwords should be stored in `/etc/shadow` )
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* The user identifier (UID) assigned to that user
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* The group identifier (GID) assigned to that user
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* Additional information about that user
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* That user's home directory
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* That user's default command shell
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These entries are defined as a colon-delimited row in the file, one row per user:
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root:x:1234:5678:additional_info:/home/dir/:/bin/bash
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<br>
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## Syntax
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A `passwd` resource block declares one (or more) users and associated user information to be tested:
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describe passwd do
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its('users') { should_not include 'forbidden_user' }
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end
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describe passwd.uid(filter) do
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its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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where
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* `homes`, `gids`, `passwords`, `shells`, `uids`, and `users` are valid accessors for `passwd`
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* `filter` one (or more) arguments, for example: `passwd.users(/name/)` used to define filtering
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* `filter` may take any of the following arguments: `count` (retrieves the number of entries), `lines` (provides raw `passwd` lines), and `params` (returns an array of maps for all entries)
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<br>
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## Examples
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The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource.
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### Test usernames and UIDs
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describe passwd do
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its('users') { should eq ['root', 'www-data'] }
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its('uids') { should eq [0, 33] }
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end
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### Select one user and test for multiple occurrences
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describe passwd.uids(0) do
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its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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describe passwd.where { user == 'www-data' } do
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its('uids') { should cmp 33 }
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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<br>
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## Matchers
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For a full list of available matchers, please visit our [matchers page](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/matchers/).
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### gids
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The `gids` matcher tests if the group indentifiers in the test match group identifiers in `/etc/passwd`:
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its('gids') { should include 1234 }
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its('gids') { should cmp 0 }
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### homes
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The `homes` matcher tests the absolute path to a user's home directory:
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its('home') { should eq '/' }
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### length
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The `length` matcher tests the length of a password that appears in `/etc/passwd`:
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its('length') { should be <= 32 }
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This matcher is best used in conjunction with filters. For example:
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describe passwd.users('highlander') do
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its('length') { should_not be < 16 }
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end
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### passwords
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The `passwords` matcher tests if passwords are
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* Encrypted
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* Have direct logins disabled, as indicated by an asterisk (`*`)
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* In the `/etc/shadow` file, as indicated by the letter x (`x`)
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For example:
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its('passwords') { should eq ['x'] }
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its('passwords') { should cmp '*' }
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### shells
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The `shells` matcher tests the absolute path of a shell (or command) to which a user has access:
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its('shells') { should_not include 'user' }
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or to find all users with the nologin shell:
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describe passwd.shells(/nologin/) do
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its('users') { should_not include 'my_login_user' }
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end
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### uids
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The `uids` matcher tests if the user indentifiers in the test match user identifiers in `/etc/passwd`:
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its('uids') { should eq ['1234', '1235'] }
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or:
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describe passwd.uids(0) do
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its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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### users
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The `users` matcher tests if the user names in the test match user names in `/etc/passwd`:
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its('users') { should eq ['root', 'www-data'] }
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