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https://github.com/inspec/inspec
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238 lines
8 KiB
ReStructuredText
238 lines
8 KiB
ReStructuredText
=====================================================
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InSpec DSL
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=====================================================
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|inspec| is a run-time framework and rule language used to specify compliance, security, and policy requirements. It includes a collection of resources that help you write auditing controls quickly and easily. The syntax used by both open source and |chef compliance| auditing is the same. The open source |inspec resource| framework is compatible with |chef compliance|.
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The InSpec DSL is a Ruby DSL for writing audit controls, which includes audit resources that you can invoke.
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The following sections describe the syntax and show some simple examples of using the |inspec resources| to define
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Syntax
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=====================================================
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The following resource tests |ssh| server configuration. For example, a simple control may described as:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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describe sshd_config do
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its('Port') { should eq('22') }
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end
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In various use cases like implementing IT compliance across different departments, it becomes handy to extend the control with metadata. Each control may define an additional ``impact``, ``title`` or ``desc``. An example looks like:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'sshd-8' do
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impact 0.6
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title 'Server: Configure the service port'
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desc '
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Always specify which port the SSH server should listen to.
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Prevent unexpected settings.
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'
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tag 'ssh','sshd','openssh-server'
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tag cce: 'CCE-27072-8'
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ref 'NSA-RH6-STIG - Section 3.5.2.1', url: 'https://www.nsa.gov/ia/_files/os/redhat/rhel5-guide-i731.pdf'
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describe sshd_config do
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its('Port') { should eq('22') }
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end
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end
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where
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* ``'sshd-8'`` is the name of the control
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* ``impact``, ``title``, and ``desc`` define metadata that fully describes the importance of the control, its purpose, with a succinct and complete description
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* ``impact`` is an float that measures the importance of the compliance results and must be a value between ``0.0`` and ``1.0``.
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* ``tag`` is optional meta-information with with key or key-value pairs
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* ``ref`` is a reference to an external document
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* ``describe`` is a block that contains at least one test. A ``control`` block must contain at least one ``describe`` block, but may contain as many as required
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* ``sshd_config`` is an |inspec| resource. For the full list of InSpec resources, see |inspec| resource documentation
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* ``its('Port')`` is the matcher; ``{ should eq('22') }`` is the test. A ``describe`` block must contain at least one matcher, but may contain as many as required
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Advanced concepts
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=====================================================
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With inspec it is possible to check if at least one of a collection of checks is true. For example: If a setting is configured in two different locations, you may want to test if either configuration A or configuration B have been set. This is accomplished via ``describe.one``. It defines a block of tests with at least one valid check.
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.. code-block:: ruby
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describe.one do
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describe ConfigurationA do
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its('setting_1') { should eq true }
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end
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describe ConfigurationB do
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its('setting_2') { should eq true }
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end
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end
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Examples
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=====================================================
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The following examples show simple compliance tests using a single ``control`` block.
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Test System Event Log
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The following test shows how to audit machines running |windows| 2012 R2 that pwassword complexity is enabled:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'windows-account-102' do
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impact 1.0
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title 'Windows Password Complexity is Enabled'
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desc 'Password must meet complexity requirement'
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describe security_policy do
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its('PasswordComplexity') { should eq 1 }
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end
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end
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Are PosgtreSQL passwords empty?
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-----------------------------------------------------
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The following test shows how to audit machines running |postgresql| to ensure that passwords are not empty.
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'postgres-7' do
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impact 1.0
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title 'Don't allow empty passwords'
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describe postgres_session('user', 'pass').query("SELECT * FROM pg_shadow WHERE passwd IS NULL;") do
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its('output') { should eq('') }
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end
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end
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Are MySQL passwords in ENV?
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The following test shows how to audit machines running |mysql| to ensure that passwords are not stored in ``ENV``:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'mysql-3' do
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impact 1.0
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title 'Do not store your MySQL password in your ENV'
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desc '
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Storing credentials in your ENV may easily expose
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them to an attacker. Prevent this at all costs.
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'
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describe command('env') do
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its(:stdout) { should_not match(/^MYSQL_PWD=/) }
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end
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end
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Is /etc/ssh a Directory?
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The following test shows how to audit machines to ensure that ``/etc/ssh`` is a directory:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'basic-1' do
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impact 1.0
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title '/etc/ssh should be a directory'
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desc '
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In order for OpenSSH to function correctly, its
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configuration path must be a folder.
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'
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describe file('/etc/ssh') do
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it { should be_directory }
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end
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end
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Is Apache running?
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The following test shows how to audit machines to ensure that |apache| is enabled and running:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'apache-1' do
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impact 0.3
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title 'Apache2 should be configured and running'
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describe service(apache.service) do
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it { should be_enabled }
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it { should be_running }
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end
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end
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Are insecure packages installed ?
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The following test shows how to audit machines for insecure packages:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'cis-os-services-5.1.3' do
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impact 0.7
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title '5.1.3 Ensure rsh client is not installed'
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describe package('rsh') do
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it { should_not be_installed }
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end
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describe package('rsh-redone-client') do
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it { should_not be_installed }
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end
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end
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Test Windows Registry Keys
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The following test shows how to audit machines to ensure Safe DLL Seach Mode is enabled:
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'windows-base-101' do
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impact 1.0
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title 'Safe DLL Search Mode is Enabled'
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desc '
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@link: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682586(v=vs.85).aspx
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'
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describe registry_key('HKLM\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager') do
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it { should exist }
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it { should_not have_property_value('SafeDllSearchMode', :type_dword, '0') }
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end
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end
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Additional metadata for controls
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-----------------------------------------------------
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The following example illustrates various ways to add tags and references to `control`
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.. code-block:: ruby
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control 'ssh-1' do
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impact 1.0
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title 'Allow only SSH Protocol 2'
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desc 'Only SSH protocol version 2 connections should be permitted.
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The default setting in /etc/ssh/sshd_config is correct, and can be
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verified by ensuring that the following line appears: Protocol 2'
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tag 'production','development'
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tag 'ssh','sshd','openssh-server'
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tag cce: 'CCE-27072-8'
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tag disa: 'RHEL-06-000227'
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tag remediation: 'stig_rhel6/recipes/sshd-config.rb'
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tag remediation: 'https://supermarket.chef.io/cookbooks/ssh-hardening'
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ref 'NSA-RH6-STIG - Section 3.5.2.1', url: 'https://www.nsa.gov/ia/_files/os/redhat/rhel5-guide-i731.pdf'
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ref 'http://people.redhat.com/swells/scap-security-guide/RHEL/6/output/ssg-centos6-guide-C2S.html'
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describe ssh_config do
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its ('Protocol') { should eq '2'}
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end
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end`
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.. |inspec| replace:: InSpec
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.. |inspec resource| replace:: InSpec Resource
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.. |chef compliance| replace:: Chef Compliance
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.. |ruby| replace:: Ruby
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.. |ruby| replace:: SSH
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.. |windows| replace:: Microsoft Windows
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.. |postgresql| replace:: PostgreSQL
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.. |apache| replace:: Apache
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